用 Java 实现断点续传 (HTTP)

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 断点续传的原理

其实断点续传的原理很简单,就是在 Http 的请求上和一般的下载有所不同而已。
打个比方,浏览器请求服务器上的一个文时,所发出的请求如下:
假设服务器域名为 wwww.sjtu.edu.cn,文件名为 down.zip。
GET /down.zip HTTP/1.1
Accept: image/gif, image/x-xbitmap, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, application/vnd.ms-
excel, application/msword, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, */*
Accept-Language: zh-cn
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.01; Windows NT 5.0)
Connection: Keep-Alive

服务器收到请求后,按要求寻找请求的文件,提取文件的信息,然后返回给浏览器,返回信息如下:

200
Content-Length=106786028
Accept-Ranges=bytes
Date=Mon, 30 Apr 2001 12:56:11 GMT
ETag=W/"02ca57e173c11:95b"
Content-Type=application/octet-stream
Server=Microsoft-IIS/5.0
Last-Modified=Mon, 30 Apr 2001 12:56:11 GMT

所谓断点续传,也就是要从文件已经下载的地方开始继续下载。所以在客户端浏览器传给 Web 服务器的时候要多加一条信息 -- 从哪里开始。
下面是用自己编的一个"浏览器"来传递请求信息给 Web 服务器,要求从 2000070 字节开始。
GET /down.zip HTTP/1.0
User-Agent: NetFox
RANGE: bytes=2000070-
Accept: text/html, image/gif, image/jpeg, *; q=.2, */*; q=.2

仔细看一下就会发现多了一行 RANGE: bytes=2000070-
这一行的意思就是告诉服务器 down.zip 这个文件从 2000070 字节开始传,前面的字节不用传了。
服务器收到这个请求以后,返回的信息如下:
206
Content-Length=106786028
Content-Range=bytes 2000070-106786027/106786028
Date=Mon, 30 Apr 2001 12:55:20 GMT
ETag=W/"02ca57e173c11:95b"
Content-Type=application/octet-stream
Server=Microsoft-IIS/5.0
Last-Modified=Mon, 30 Apr 2001 12:55:20 GMT

和前面服务器返回的信息比较一下,就会发现增加了一行:
Content-Range=bytes 2000070-106786027/106786028
返回的代码也改为 206 了,而不再是 200 了。

知道了以上原理,就可以进行断点续传的编程了。


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Java 实现断点续传的关键几点

1.(1) 用什么方法实现提交 RANGE: bytes=2000070-。
当然用最原始的 Socket 是肯定能完成的,不过那样太费事了,其实 Java 的 net 包中提供了这种功能。代码如下:

URL url = new URL("http://www.sjtu.edu.cn/down.zip");
HttpURLConnection httpConnection = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();

// 设置 User-Agent
httpConnection.setRequestProperty("User-Agent","NetFox");
// 设置断点续传的开始位置
httpConnection.setRequestProperty("RANGE","bytes=2000070");
// 获得输入流
InputStream input = httpConnection.getInputStream();

从输入流中取出的字节流就是 down.zip 文件从 2000070 开始的字节流。大家看,其实断点续传用 Java 实现起来还是很简单的吧。接下来要做的事就是怎么保存获得的流到文件中去了。

2.保存文件采用的方法。
我采用的是 IO 包中的 RandAccessFile 类。
操作相当简单,假设从 2000070 处开始保存文件,代码如下:
RandomAccess oSavedFile = new RandomAccessFile("down.zip","rw");
long nPos = 2000070;
// 定位文件指针到 nPos 位置
oSavedFile.seek(nPos);
byte[] b = new byte[1024];
int nRead;
// 从输入流中读入字节流,然后写到文件中
while((nRead=input.read(b,0,1024)) > 0)
{
oSavedFile.write(b,0,nRead);
}

怎么样,也很简单吧。接下来要做的就是整合成一个完整的程序了。包括一系列的线程控制等等。

 断点续传内核的实现

主要用了 6 个类,包括一个测试类。
SiteFileFetch.java 负责整个文件的抓取,控制内部线程 (FileSplitterFetch 类 )。
FileSplitterFetch.java 负责部分文件的抓取。
FileAccess.java 负责文件的存储。
SiteInfoBean.java 要抓取的文件的信息,如文件保存的目录,名字,抓取文件的 URL 等。
Utility.java 工具类,放一些简单的方法。
TestMethod.java 测试类。

   

/*  /* * SiteFileFetch.java  */  package NetFox;  import java.io.*;  import java.net.*;  public class SiteFileFetch extends Thread {  SiteInfoBean siteInfoBean = null; // 文件信息 Bean  long[] nStartPos; // 开始位置 long[] nEndPos; // 结束位置 FileSplitterFetch[] fileSplitterFetch; // 子线程对象 long nFileLength; // 文件长度 boolean bFirst = true; // 是否第一次取文件 boolean bStop = false; // 停止标志 File tmpFile; // 文件下载的临时信息 DataOutputStream output; // 输出到文件的输出流 public SiteFileFetch(SiteInfoBean bean) throws IOException  {  siteInfoBean = bean;  //tmpFile = File.createTempFile ("zhong","1111",new File(bean.getSFilePath()));  tmpFile = new File(bean.getSFilePath()+File.separator + bean.getSFileName()+".info"); if(tmpFile.exists ())  {  bFirst = false;  read_nPos();  }  else  {  nStartPos = new long[bean.getNSplitter()];  nEndPos = new long[bean.getNSplitter()];  }  }  public void run()  {  // 获得文件长度 // 分割文件 // 实例 FileSplitterFetch  // 启动 FileSplitterFetch 线程 // 等待子线程返回 try{  if(bFirst)  {  nFileLength = getFileSize();  if(nFileLength == -1)  {  System.err.println("File Length is not known!");  }  else if(nFileLength == -2)  {  System.err.println("File is not access!");  }  else  {  for(int i=0;i<nStartPos.length;i++)  {  nStartPos[i] = (long)(i*(nFileLength/nStartPos.length));  }  for(int i=0;i<nEndPos.length-1;i++)  {  nEndPos[i] = nStartPos[i+1];  }  nEndPos[nEndPos.length-1] = nFileLength;  }  }  // 启动子线程 fileSplitterFetch = new FileSplitterFetch[nStartPos.length];  for(int i=0;i<nStartPos.length;i++)  {  fileSplitterFetch[i] = new FileSplitterFetch(siteInfoBean.getSSiteURL(),  siteInfoBean.getSFilePath() + File.separator + siteInfoBean.getSFileName(),  nStartPos[i],nEndPos[i],i);  Utility.log("Thread " + i + " , nStartPos = " + nStartPos[i] + ", nEndPos = "  + nEndPos[i]);  fileSplitterFetch[i].start();  }  // fileSplitterFetch[nPos.length-1] = new FileSplitterFetch(siteInfoBean.getSSiteURL(), siteInfoBean.getSFilePath() + File.separator  + siteInfoBean.getSFileName(),nPos[nPos.length-1],nFileLength,nPos.length-1);  // Utility.log("Thread " +(nPos.length-1) + ",nStartPos = "+nPos[nPos.length-1]+", nEndPos = " + nFileLength);  // fileSplitterFetch[nPos.length-1].start();  // 等待子线程结束 //int count = 0;  // 是否结束 while 循环 boolean breakWhile = false;  while(!bStop)  {  write_nPos();  Utility.sleep(500);  breakWhile = true;  for(int i=0;i<nStartPos.length;i++)  {  if(!fileSplitterFetch[i].bDownOver)  {  breakWhile = false;  break;  }  }  if(breakWhile)  break;  //count++;  //if(count>4)  // siteStop();  }  System.err.println("文件下载结束!");  }  catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace ();}  }  // 获得文件长度 public long getFileSize()  {  int nFileLength = -1;  try{  URL url = new URL(siteInfoBean.getSSiteURL());  HttpURLConnection httpConnection = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection (); httpConnection.setRequestProperty("User-Agent","NetFox");  int responseCode=httpConnection.getResponseCode();  if(responseCode>=400)  {  processErrorCode(responseCode);  return -2; //-2 represent access is error  }  String sHeader;  for(int i=1;;i++)  {  //DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(httpConnection.getInputStream ());  //Utility.log(in.readLine());  sHeader=httpConnection.getHeaderFieldKey(i);  if(sHeader!=null)  {  if(sHeader.equals("Content-Length"))  {  nFileLength = Integer.parseInt(httpConnection.getHeaderField(sHeader));  break;  }  }  else  break;  }  }  catch(IOException e){e.printStackTrace ();}  catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace ();}  Utility.log(nFileLength);  return nFileLength;  }  // 保存下载信息(文件指针位置) private void write_nPos()  {  try{  output = new DataOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(tmpFile));  output.writeInt(nStartPos.length);  for(int i=0;i<nStartPos.length;i++)  {  // output.writeLong(nPos[i]);  output.writeLong(fileSplitterFetch[i].nStartPos);  output.writeLong(fileSplitterFetch[i].nEndPos);  }  output.close();  }  catch(IOException e){e.printStackTrace ();}  catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace ();}  }  // 读取保存的下载信息(文件指针位置) private void read_nPos()  {  try{  DataInputStream input = new DataInputStream(new FileInputStream(tmpFile));  int nCount = input.readInt();  nStartPos = new long[nCount];  nEndPos = new long[nCount];  for(int i=0;i<nStartPos.length;i++)  {  nStartPos[i] = input.readLong();  nEndPos[i] = input.readLong();  }  input.close();  }  catch(IOException e){e.printStackTrace ();}  catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace ();}  }  private void processErrorCode(int nErrorCode)  {  System.err.println("Error Code : " + nErrorCode);  }  // 停止文件下载 public void siteStop()  {  bStop = true;  for(int i=0;i<nStartPos.length;i++)  fileSplitterFetch[i].splitterStop();  }  }    /*  **FileSplitterFetch.java  */  package NetFox;  import java.io.*;  import java.net.*;  public class FileSplitterFetch extends Thread {  String sURL; //File URL  long nStartPos; //File Snippet Start Position  long nEndPos; //File Snippet End Position  int nThreadID; //Thread's ID  boolean bDownOver = false; //Downing is over  boolean bStop = false; //Stop identical  FileAccessI fileAccessI = null; //File Access interface  public FileSplitterFetch(String sURL,String sName,long nStart,long nEnd,int id) throws IOException  {  this.sURL = sURL;  this.nStartPos = nStart;  this.nEndPos = nEnd;  nThreadID = id;  fileAccessI = new FileAccessI(sName,nStartPos);  }  public void run()  {  while(nStartPos < nEndPos && !bStop)  {  try{  URL url = new URL(sURL);  HttpURLConnection httpConnection = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection ();  httpConnection.setRequestProperty("User-Agent","NetFox");  String sProperty = "bytes="+nStartPos+"-";  httpConnection.setRequestProperty("RANGE",sProperty);  Utility.log(sProperty);  InputStream input = httpConnection.getInputStream();  //logResponseHead(httpConnection);  byte[] b = new byte[1024];  int nRead;  while((nRead=input.read(b,0,1024)) > 0 && nStartPos < nEndPos  && !bStop)  {  nStartPos += fileAccessI.write(b,0,nRead);  //if(nThreadID == 1)  // Utility.log("nStartPos = " + nStartPos + ", nEndPos = " + nEndPos);  }  Utility.log("Thread " + nThreadID + " is over!");  bDownOver = true;  //nPos = fileAccessI.write (b,0,nRead);  }  catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace ();}  }  }  // 打印回应的头信息 public void logResponseHead(HttpURLConnection con)  {  for(int i=1;;i++)  {  String header=con.getHeaderFieldKey(i);  if(header!=null)  //responseHeaders.put(header,httpConnection.getHeaderField(header));  Utility.log(header+" : "+con.getHeaderField(header));  else  break;  }  }  public void splitterStop()  {  bStop = true;  }  }   /*  **FileAccess.java  */  package NetFox;  import java.io.*;  public class FileAccessI implements Serializable{  RandomAccessFile oSavedFile;  long nPos;  public FileAccessI() throws IOException  {  this("",0);  }  public FileAccessI(String sName,long nPos) throws IOException  {  oSavedFile = new RandomAccessFile(sName,"rw");  this.nPos = nPos;  oSavedFile.seek(nPos);  }  public synchronized int write(byte[] b,int nStart,int nLen)  {  int n = -1;  try{  oSavedFile.write(b,nStart,nLen);  n = nLen;  }  catch(IOException e)  {  e.printStackTrace ();  }  return n;  }  }   /*  **SiteInfoBean.java  */  package NetFox;  public class SiteInfoBean {  private String sSiteURL; //Site's URL  private String sFilePath; //Saved File's Path  private String sFileName; //Saved File's Name  private int nSplitter; //Count of Splited Downloading File  public SiteInfoBean()  {  //default value of nSplitter is 5  this("","","",5);  }  public SiteInfoBean(String sURL,String sPath,String sName,int nSpiltter) {  sSiteURL= sURL;  sFilePath = sPath;  sFileName = sName;  this.nSplitter = nSpiltter;  }  public String getSSiteURL()  {  return sSiteURL;  }  public void setSSiteURL(String value)  {  sSiteURL = value;  }  public String getSFilePath()  {  return sFilePath;  }  public void setSFilePath(String value)  {  sFilePath = value;  }  public String getSFileName()  {  return sFileName;  }  public void setSFileName(String value)  {  sFileName = value;  }  public int getNSplitter()  {  return nSplitter;  }  public void setNSplitter(int nCount)  {  nSplitter = nCount;  }  }   /*  **Utility.java  */  package NetFox;  public class Utility {  public Utility()  {  }  public static void sleep(int nSecond)  {  try{  Thread.sleep(nSecond);  }  catch(Exception e)  {  e.printStackTrace ();  }  }  public static void log(String sMsg)  {  System.err.println(sMsg);  }  public static void log(int sMsg)  {  System.err.println(sMsg);  }  }   /*  **TestMethod.java  */  package NetFox;  public class TestMethod {  public TestMethod()  { ///xx/weblogic60b2_win.exe  try{  SiteInfoBean bean = new SiteInfoBean("http://localhost/xx/weblogic60b2_win.exe",     "L:\\temp","weblogic60b2_win.exe",5);  //SiteInfoBean bean = new SiteInfoBean("http://localhost:8080/down.zip","L:\\temp",     "weblogic60b2_win.exe",5);  SiteFileFetch fileFetch = new SiteFileFetch(bean);  fileFetch.start();  }  catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace ();}  }  public static void main(String[] args)  {  new TestMethod();  }  } 
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