ubuntu user guide
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- 1 Unofficial Ubuntu 6.06 (Dapper Drake) Starter Guide
- 2 General Notes
- 3 Getting Started
- 3.1 What is Ubuntu
- 3.2 What is new in Ubuntu 6.06 Dapper Drake
- 3.3 Where to view Ubuntu screenshots / screencast
- 3.4 Where to view Kubuntu screenshots / screencast
- 3.5 Where to find a list of all the programs/libraries that comes with Ubuntu
- 3.6 Where to download Ubuntu
- 3.7 Where to order Ubuntu CDs for absolutely FREE
- 3.8 Where to find help for Ubuntu
- 3.9 Where to look for new programs
- 3.10 Where to look for style elements for your desktop
- 4 Repositories
- 4.1 How to add extra repositories
- 5 Ubuntu Updates
- 5.1 How to manually update Ubuntu
- 6 Add-On Applications
- 6.1 How to use Easy Ubuntu
- 6.2 How to install Clipboard Daemon for GNOME
- 6.3 How to install J2SE Runtime Environment (JRE) with Plug-in for Mozilla Firefox
- 6.4 How to install Flash Player (Macromedia Flash) Plug-in for Mozilla Firefox
- 6.5 How to install PDF Reader (Adobe Reader) with Plug-in for Mozilla Firefox
- 6.6 How to install Download Manager (Downloader for X)
- 6.7 How to install FTP Client (gFTP)
- 6.8 How to install File share utility (DC++)
- 6.9 How to install P2P BitTorrent Client (Azureus)
- 6.10 How to install P2P eMule Client (aMule)
- 6.11 How to install P2P Gnutella Client (FrostWire)
- 6.12 How to install Messenger (Skype)
- 6.13 How to install WinPopup (LinPopUp)
- 6.14 How to install Multimedia Codecs
- 6.15 How to install DVD playback capability
- 6.16 How to install Multimedia Player (xine-ui)
- 6.17 How to install VLC Multimedia player
- 6.18 How to install Multimedia Player (Totem) with Plug-in for Mozilla Firefox
- 6.19 How to install Multimedia Player (XMMS)
- 6.20 How to install Multimedia Player (amaroK)
- 6.21 How to install Multimedia Player (RealPlayer 10)
- 6.22 How to install Stream Directory Browser (streamtuner)
- 6.23 How to install Music Organizer (Cowbell)
- 6.24 How to install ID3 Tag Editor (EasyTAG)
- 6.25 How to install Video Editor (Kino)
- 6.26 How to install Audio Editor (Audacity)
- 6.27 How to install DVD Ripper (dvd::rip)
- 6.28 How to install CD Ripper (Goobox)
- 6.29 How to install Image Viewer (digiKam)
- 6.30 How to install Picasa image organizer
- 6.31 How to install Opera web browser
- 6.32 How to install Email Client (Mozilla Thunderbird)
- 6.33 How to install Newsreader (Pan)
- 6.34 How to install RSS/RDF/Atom Newsreader (RSSOwl)
- 6.35 How to install Web Authoring System (Nvu)
- 6.36 How to install Web Development Environment (quanta plus)
- 6.37 How to install Project Management Application (Planner)
- 6.38 How to install Accounting Application (GnuCash)
- 6.39 How to install Desktop Publishing Application (Scribus)
- 6.40 How to install Diagram Editor (Dia)
- 6.41 How to install Compiled HTML Help (CHM) Viewer (xCHM)
- 6.42 How to install CD/DVD Burning Application (GnomeBaker)
- 6.43 How to install CD/DVD Burning Application (K3b)
- 6.44 How to install Dialup PPP Client (GNOME PPP)
- 6.45 How to install Broadband ADSL/PPPoE Client (RP-PPPoE)
- 6.46 How to install Boot-Up Manager (BUM)
- 6.47 How to install Partition Editor (GParted)
- 6.48 How to install Firewall (Firestarter)
- 6.49 How to install network traffic analyzer (Ethereal)
- 6.50 How to install Vulnerability Scanner (Nessus)
- 6.51 How to install RAR Archiver (rar)
- 6.52 How to install Extra Fonts
- 6.53 How to install Chinese Input Method (SCIM)
- 6.54 How to install Desktop Applets (gDesklets)
- 6.55 How to install Basic Compilers (build-essential)
- 6.56 How to install Integrated Development Environment (Anjuta)
- 6.57 How to install MonoDevelop (C# IDE)
- 6.58 How to install 3D modeling tool (Blender 3d)
- 6.59 How to install game Tuxracer
- 6.60 How to install game Frozen-Bubble
- 6.61 How to install game Scorched3D
- 6.62 How to install virtual planetarium (Stellarium)
- 6.63 How to install Google Earth
- 6.64 How to install KDE Edutainment applications
- 6.65 How to install a windows emulator (Wine)
- 7 Other Desktop Environments
- 7.1 How to install KDE
- 7.2 How to install XFCE
- 7.3 How to install XFCE 4.4 preview versions (4.3.90.1)
- 8 Eye Candy
- 8.1 How to install Xgl/Compiz (Nvidia)
- 8.2 How to install alternate boot splash screen
- 9 Commercial Applications
- 9.1 How to install Windows 9X/ME/2000/XP (Win4Lin)
- 9.2 How to install Windows Applications (CrossOver Office)
- 9.3 How to install Windows Games (Cedega)
- 10 User Administration
- 10.1 How to set/change/enable root user password
- 10.2 How to disable root user account
- 10.3 How to allow root user to login into GNOME
- 10.4 How to switch to root user in Console mode
- 10.5 How to add/edit/delete system users
- 10.6 How to add/edit/delete system groups
- 10.7 How to automatic login into GNOME (not secure)
- 10.8 How to allow more sudoers
- 10.9 How to use "sudo" without prompt for password (not secure)
- 10.10 How to explicitly destroy the "sudo" session
- 10.11 How to change files/folders permissions
- 10.12 How to change files/folders ownership
- 10.13 How to change files/folders group ownership
- 11 Hardware
- 11.1 How to install Graphics Driver (NVIDIA)
- 11.2 How to disable NVIDIA graphics logo on GNOME startup
- 11.3 How to install Graphics Driver (ATI)
- 11.4 How to identify Modem chipset
- 11.5 How to install Modem Driver (SmartLink)
- 11.6 How to configure PalmOS Devices
- 11.7 How to list partition tables
- 11.8 How to list filesystem disk space usage
- 11.9 How to list mounted devices
- 11.10 How to list PCI devices
- 11.11 How to list USB devices
- 11.12 How to speed up CD/DVD-ROM
- 11.13 How to mount/unmount CD/DVD-ROM manually, and show all hidden and associated files/folders
- 11.14 How to forcefully unmount CD/DVD-ROM manually
- 11.15 How to remount /etc/fstab without rebooting
- 11.16 How to install a Wacom tablet
- 12 CD/DVD Burning
- 12.1 How to blank CD-RW/DVD-RW
- 12.2 How to burn files/folders into CD/DVD
- 12.3 How to burn Image (ISO) files into CD/DVD
- 12.4 How to duplicate CD/DVD
- 12.5 How to create Image (ISO) files from CD/DVD
- 12.6 How to create Image (ISO) files from folders
- 12.7 How to generate MD5 checksum files
- 12.8 How to check MD5 checksum of files
- 12.9 How to mount/unmount Image (ISO) files without burning
- 12.10 How to set/change the burn speed for CD/DVD Burner
- 12.11 How to enable burnproof for CD/DVD Burner
- 12.12 How to enable overburn for CD/DVD Burner
- 13 Networking
- 13.1 How to configure Google Talk
- 13.2 How to activate/deactivate network connections
- 13.3 How to configure network connections
- 13.4 How to configure dialup connections
- 13.5 How to configure broadband connections
- 13.6 How to change computer name
- 13.7 How to change computer descriptions
- 13.8 How to change computer Domain/Workgroup
- 13.9 How to assign Hostname to local machine with dynamic IP using free DynDNS service
- 13.10 How to share folders the easy way
- 13.11 How to browse network computers
- 13.12 How to access network folders without mounting
- 13.13 How to mount/unmount network folders manually, and allow all users to read
- 13.14 How to mount/unmount network folders manually, and allow all users to read/write
- 13.15 How to mount network folders on boot-up, and allow all users to read
- 13.16 How to mount network folders on boot-up, and allow all users to read/write
- 13.17 How to get ipw2200 and wpa to work
- 13.18 How to Configure and start PPTP tunnels (VPN)
- 13.19 How to configure Network-manager with WPA 1 and 2 support
- 14 Remote Desktop
- 14.1 How to configure remote desktop (not secure)
- 14.2 How to connect into remote Ubuntu desktop
- 14.3 How to connect into remote Ubuntu desktop via Windows machine
- 15 Windows
- 15.1 How to mount/unmount Windows partitions (NTFS) manually, and allow all users to read only
- 15.2 How to mount/unmount Windows partitions (FAT) manually, and allow all users to read/write
- 15.3 How to mount Windows partitions (NTFS) on boot-up, and allow all users to read only
- 15.4 How to mount Windows partitions (FAT) on boot-up, and allow all users to read/write
- 16 Security
- 16.1 What are the basic things I need to know about securing my Ubuntu
- 16.2 How to disable all interactive editing control for GRUB menu
- 16.3 How to disable history listing in Console mode
- 16.4 How to disable Ctrl+Alt+Del from restarting computer in Console mode
- 16.5 How to enable prompt before removal/overwritten of files/folders in Console mode
- 17 Rescue Mode
- 17.1 How to gain root user access without login
- 17.2 How to modify kernel boot-up arguments, to gain root user access
- 17.3 How to use Ubuntu Installation CD, to gain root user access
- 17.4 How to change root user/main user password if forgotten
- 17.5 How to change GRUB menu password if forgotten
- 17.6 How to restore GRUB menu after Windows installation
- 17.7 How to add Windows entry into GRUB menu
- 17.8 How to read Linux partitions (ext2, ext3) in Windows machine
- 18 Tips & Tricks
- 18.1 How to restart GNOME without rebooting computer
- 18.2 How to turn on Num Lock on GNOME startup
- 18.3 How to run programs on startup when login into GNOME
- 18.4 How to speed-up your Ubuntu box
- 18.5 How to switch to Console mode in GNOME
- 18.6 How to disable Ctrl+Alt+Backspace from restarting X in GNOME
- 18.7 How to enable Ctrl+Alt+Del to open System Monitor in GNOME
- 18.8 How to refresh GNOME desktop
- 18.9 How to refresh GNOME panel
- 18.10 How to enable autosave in Gedit and disable creation of some_file~ files
- 18.11 How to show all hidden files/folders in Nautilus
- 18.12 How to browse files/folders as root user in Nautilus
- 18.13 How to change default file type "Open with" program
- 18.14 How to change preferred email client to Mozilla Thunderbird
- 18.15 How to open files as root user via right click
- 18.16 How to disable beep sound in Terminal mode
- 18.17 How to load Web site faster in Mozilla Firefox
- 18.18 How to disable beep sound for link find function in Mozilla Firefox
- 18.19 How to apt-get the easy way (Synaptic)
- 18.20 What packages do the extra repositories provide
- 18.21 How to install/uninstall .deb files
- 18.22 How to convert .rpm files to .deb files
- 18.23 How to rename all files in directory at once
- 18.24 How to manipulate all image files in directory at once
- 18.25 How to set System-wide Environment Variables
- 18.26 How to save "man" outputs into files
- 18.27 How to hide GRUB menu on boot-up
- 18.28 How to change the timeout seconds for GRUB menu on boot-up
- 18.29 How to change default Operating System boot-up for GRUB menu
- 18.30 How to display Splash Image for GRUB menu on boot-up
- 18.31 How to convert Wallpaper to Splash Image for GRUB menu
- 18.32 How to temporary skip boot-up services
- 18.33 How to permanently disable/enable boot-up services
- 18.34 How to clean /tmp/ folder contents on shutdown
- 18.35 How to scroll up and down to view previous outputs in Console mode
- 18.36 How to find out which version of Ubuntu I am using
- 18.37 How to set up automatic background change (GNOME)
- 18.38 How to set up automatic background change (KDE)
- 18.39 How to add keyboard layouts for other languages
- 18.40 How to add keyboard layouts toggle for other languages (Xfce)
- 18.41 How to add the Keyboard (Layout) Indicator applet
- 18.42 How to type extended characters
- 18.43 How to set the Compose key to type special characters
- 19 Servers
- 19.1 AntiVirus Server
- 19.1.1 How to install ClamAV AntiVirus Server
- 19.1.2 How to manually update virus databases
- 19.1.3 How to manually scan files/folders for viruses
- 19.1.4 How to automatically scan files/folders for viruses
- 19.2 Print Server (cupsd)
- 19.2.1 How to install cupsd
- 19.2.2 How to add a printer
- 19.2.3 How to print on remote Ubuntu machine from another Ubuntu machine
- 19.2.4 How to print on remote Ubuntu machine from a Windows machine
- 19.3 Samba Server
- 19.3.1 How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service
- 19.3.2 How to add/edit/delete network users
- 19.3.3 How to share home folders with read only permission (Authentication=Yes)
- 19.3.4 How to share home folders with read/write permissions (Authentication=Yes)
- 19.3.5 How to share group folders with read only permission (Authentication=Yes)
- 19.3.6 How to share group folders with read/write permissions (Authentication=Yes)
- 19.3.7 How to share public folders with read only permission (Authentication=Yes)
- 19.3.8 How to share public folders with read/write permissions (Authentication=Yes)
- 19.3.9 How to share public folders with read only permission (Authentication=No)
- 19.3.10 How to share public folders with read/write permissions (Authentication=No)
- 19.3.11 How to print on remote Ubuntu machine via samba
- 19.4 SSH Server
- 19.4.1 How to install SSH Server for remote administration service
- 19.4.2 How to SSH into remote Ubuntu machine
- 19.4.3 How to copy files/folders from remote Ubuntu machine into local machine (scp)
- 19.4.4 How to copy files/folders from local machine into remote Ubuntu machine (scp)
- 19.4.5 How to copy files/folders from remote Ubuntu machine into local machine (rsync)
- 19.4.6 How to copy files/folders from local machine into remote Ubuntu machine (rsync)
- 19.4.7 How to mount remote folders into local Ubuntu machine (sshfs)
- 19.4.8 How to SSH into remote Ubuntu machine via Windows machine
- 19.4.9 How to copy files/folders from/into remote Ubuntu machine via Windows machine
- 19.4.10 How to limit the user accounts that can connect through ssh remotely
- 19.5 DHCP Server
- 19.5.1 How to install DHCP Server for automatic IP addresses assignment
- 19.6 Database Server
- 19.6.1 How to install MYSQL Database Server
- 19.6.2 How to install MYSQL Administrator
- 19.7 Apache HTTP Server
- 19.7.1 How to install Apache HTTP Server for HTTP (Web) Server service
- 19.7.2 How to install PHP for Apache HTTP Server
- 19.7.2.1 How to install PHP4
- 19.7.2.2 How to install PHP5
- 19.7.3 How to install MYSQL for Apache HTTP Server
- 19.7.4 How to map URLs to folders outside /var/www/
- 19.7.5 How to change the default port number for Apache HTTP Server
- 19.7.6 How to parse RSS into PHP for Apache HTTP Server
- 19.8 FTP Server
- 19.8.1 How to install FTP Server for File Transfer service
- 19.8.2 How to configure FTP user to be "jailed" (chrooted) into their home directory
- 19.8.3 How to configure FTP Server to allow anonymous FTP user to read only
- 19.8.4 How to configure FTP Server to allow anonymous FTP user to read/write
- 19.8.5 How to map anonymous FTP user to folders outside /home/ftp/
- 19.8.6 How to change the default port number for FTP Server
- 19.8.7 How to ftp into remote Ubuntu machine via Windows machine
- 19.9 Streaming Media Server
- 19.9.1 How to install GNUMP3d for Streaming Media Server service
- 19.9.2 How to change the default directory containing multimedia files for GNUMP3d
- 19.9.3 How to change the default port number for GNUMP3d
- 19.10 Image Gallery Server
- 19.10.1 Gallery1
- 19.10.1.1 How to install Gallery1 for Image Gallery Server service
- 19.10.1.2 How to configure Gallery1 to be accessible via Internet (Hostname or fix IP) or LAN (fix IP)
- 19.10.1.3 How to configure Gallery1 to be accessible via LAN (dynamic IP)
- 19.10.1.4 How to backup/restore Gallery1 data
- 19.10.2 Gallery2
- 19.10.2.1 How to install Gallery2
- 19.10.2.2 How to configure Gallery2
- 19.10.1 Gallery1
- 19.1 AntiVirus Server
- 20 Troubleshooting
- 20.1 Configuring network interfaces... (taking too long to load)
- 20.2 Synchronizing clock to ntp.ubuntulinux.org... (taking too long to load)
- 20.3 How to disable system time/date from being reset to UTC (GMT)
- 20.4 How to configure sound to work properly in GNOME
- 20.5 How to forcefully empty Trash in GNOME
- 20.6 How to remove duplicate menu/menu items in GNOME
- 20.7 How to refresh Places menu in GNOME (if mounts to /media/ in /etc/fstab does not show up)
- 20.8 How to consume static (not dhcp) wireless LAN (WLAN) connection (KDE)
- 21 Upgrading Ubuntu
- 21.1 How to upgrade from Dapper Drake to Edgy Eft (experimental)
- 22 Removed Topics
[edit]
General Notes
- This is an Unofficial Ubuntu 6.06 (Dapper Drake) Starter Guide. It is not associated with Ubuntu and Canonical Ltd.
- This guide can be discussed at the official UbuntuGuide.org Forum at ubuntuforums.org. Stop by and join the discussion.
- Guide is tested on a full installation of the Ubuntu 6.06 x86 Install CD (Dapper Drake)
- If you see a bluish box, this means you have to execute the commands in Terminal mode (Applications -> System Tools -> Terminal) or use the content of that box as mentioned in some other instructions.
- To reduce typo mistakes, copy and paste the commands into Terminal mode (right click on the commands -> "Copy" or "Paste". You can also use Ctrl+C to copy and Shift+Insert to paste it)
- "sudo" means superuser do. "sudo" will prompt for "Password:". Please specify user password
- If you want more information about any command, simply look at the manual page for it using the "man" command. For example, "man sudo" will display the manual page for the "sudo" command.
- If you are tired of typing "apt-get" all the time, Read #How to apt-get the easy way (Synaptic)
- "apt-get" and "wget" requires Internet connection to install/update/download programs
- To download file, right click on the link -> Select "Save Link As..." -> Make sure file name and extension are correct
- If you wish to help translating Ubuntu to your native language or to help Ubuntu otherwise visit https://launchpad.net/
- May the "humanity to others" spirit be with you always...
- If you are using Kubuntu you don't need to install Gedit anymore, becouse now there's a symbolic link from "gedit" to "kate", so you can use all the commands below with no problems. By the way, if you want to use gedit as your editor, do:
sudo apt-get install gedit
- If the "gedit" command (symbolic link) is not working, you could also create it:
sudo ln -s /usr/bin/kate /usr/bin/gedit
- If you are using 64-bit version replace any "i386" with "amd64"
[edit]
Getting Started
[edit]
What is Ubuntu
- http://www.ubuntu.com/ubuntu
[edit]
What is new in Ubuntu 6.06 Dapper Drake
- http://www.ubuntu.com/testing/dapperbeta
[edit]
Where to view Ubuntu screenshots / screencast
- http://shots.osdir.com/slideshows/slideshow.php?release=659&slide=4&title=ubuntu+6.06+screenshots
- http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&item=481&num=1
- Videos
- http://osvids.com/files/page3-1034-pop.html
- http://osvids.com/files/page3-1035-pop.html
- http://osvids.com/files/page3-1036-pop.html
[edit]
Where to view Kubuntu screenshots / screencast
- http://shots.osdir.com/slideshows/slideshow.php?release=662&slide=4&title=kubuntu+6.06+screenshots
- http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&item=320&num=1
- Videos
http://osvids.com/files/page3-108-pop.html
[edit]
Where to find a list of all the programs/libraries that comes with Ubuntu
- Result of dpkg -l: Here
- http://packages.ubuntu.com/dapper
- http://distrowatch.com/table.php?distribution=ubuntu
[edit]
Where to download Ubuntu
- http://releases.ubuntu.com/6.06/
[edit]
Where to order Ubuntu CDs for absolutely FREE
- http://shipit.ubuntu.com
[edit]
Where to find help for Ubuntu
- See: System -> Help -> System Documentation
- Official Documentation website
- Official User Documentation (wiki)
- Ubuntu Document Storage Facility
- Mailing Lists
- Web Forums
- IRC Channel
[edit]
Where to look for new programs
- http://gnomefiles.org/
- http://www.kde-apps.org/
- http://freshmeat.net
- http://sourceforge.net/
[edit]
Where to look for style elements for your desktop
- http://gnome-look.org/
- http://www.kde-look.org/
- http://art.gnome.org/
[edit]
Repositories
[edit]
How to add extra repositories
- Read #General Notes
- You can also add extra repositories using the Synaptic Package Manager. New users may find it more user-friendly to add extra repositories through the Package Manager. If you follow the link above, you do not have follow the rest of this tip.
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list_backupsudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
- Replace everything with the following lines
## Add comments (##) in front of any line to remove it from being checked. ## Use the following sources.list at your own risk. deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper main restricted universe multiversedeb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper main restricted universe multiverse## MAJOR BUG FIX UPDATES produced after the final releasedeb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-updates main restricted universe multiversedeb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-updates main restricted universe multiverse## UBUNTU SECURITY UPDATESdeb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-security main restricted universe multiversedeb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-security main restricted universe multiverse## BACKPORTS REPOSITORY (Unsupported. May contain illegal packages. Use at own risk.)deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-backports main restricted universe multiversedeb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-backports main restricted universe multiverse## PLF REPOSITORY (Unsupported. May contain illegal packages. Use at own risk.)deb http://packages.freecontrib.org/ubuntu/plf dapper free non-freedeb-src http://packages.freecontrib.org/ubuntu/plf dapper free non-free
- Save the edited file
sudo apt-get update
- You may also generate your own sources.list and find other repositories at: http://www.ubuntulinux.nl/source-o-matic
- You can also integrate your sources.list using this one really very complete: sources.list (be sure to replace "it" from "it.archive.ubuntu.com" occurances with your country code or delete "it." completely)
- Use your own sources.list file only if you understand what you're doing
[edit]
Ubuntu Updates
[edit]
How to manually update Ubuntu
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
sudo apt-get updatesudo apt-get upgrade
OR
Use Update Manager: System -> Administration -> Update Manager
[edit]
Add-On Applications
[edit]
How to use Easy Ubuntu
- Read #General Notes
- Easy Ubuntu is a small straight-forward utility that allows novice users to easily install a wide variety of content for Ubuntu such as media codecs, fonts, Macromedia Flash and Sun Java.
wget http://robotgeek.org/eu/easyubuntu-3.0.tar.gztar -zxf easyubuntu-3.0.tar.gzcd easyubuntusudo python easyubuntu.py
- From the Easy Ubuntu window, check the appropriate boxes to download and install content to Ubuntu.
[edit]
How to install Clipboard Daemon for GNOME
- Read #General Notes
wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/gnome-clipboard-daemon-1.0.bin.tar.bz2sudo tar jxvf gnome-clipboard-daemon-1.0.bin.tar.bz2 -C /usr/bin/sudo chown root:root /usr/bin/gnome-clipboard-daemonsudo chmod 755 /usr/bin/gnome-clipboard-daemonsudo gnome-clipboard-daemon &export EDITOR=gedit && crontab -e
- Add the following line at the end of file
@reboot gnome-clipboard-daemon
- Save the edited file
[edit]
How to install J2SE Runtime Environment (JRE) with Plug-in for Mozilla Firefox
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
sudo apt-get install sun-java5-jre sun-java5-plugin
- When asked, agree with DLJ license terms.
- To configure J2SE as the default JVM (necessary for programs such as Frostwire, RSSOwl and as a plugin for Mozilla Firefox):
sudo update-alternatives --config java
Then choose the option that corresponds to J2SE.
[edit]
How to install Flash Player (Macromedia Flash) Plug-in for Mozilla Firefox
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
sudo apt-get install flashplugin-nonfreesudo update-flashplugin
- Restart Mozilla Firefox
[edit]
How to install PDF Reader (Adobe Reader) with Plug-in for Mozilla Firefox
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
sudo apt-get install acroreadsudo apt-get install mozilla-acroreadsudo apt-get install acroread-plugins
- Read #How to refresh GNOME panel
- Applications -> Office -> Adobe Reader
- Restart Mozilla Firefox
[edit]
How to install Download Manager (Downloader for X)
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
sudo apt-get install d4x
- Read #How to refresh GNOME panel
- Applications -> Internet -> Downloader for X
[edit]
How to install FTP Client (gFTP)
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
sudo apt-get install gftp
- Read #How to refresh GNOME panel
- Applications -> Internet -> gFTP
[edit]
How to install File share utility (DC++)
- Read #General Notes
wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/linuxdcpp.tar.gz sudo tar zxvf linuxdcpp.tar.gz -C /optsudo gedit /usr/share/applications/dcpp.desktop
- Insert the following lines into the new file
[Desktop Entry]Encoding=UTF-8Name=DC++Exec=/opt/linuxdcpp/ldcppTerminal=falseType=ApplicationStartupNotify=trueIcon=/opt/linuxdcpp/pixmaps/linuxdcpp.svgCategories=Application;Network;
- Save the edited file
- Applications -> Internet -> DC++
[edit]
How to install P2P BitTorrent Client (Azureus)
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to install J2SE Runtime Environment (JRE) with Plug-in for Mozilla Firefox
wget -c http://kent.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/azureus/Azureus_2.4.0.2_linux.tar.bz2sudo tar jxvf Azureus_2.4.0.2_linux.tar.bz2 -C /optsudo gedit /usr/share/applications/azureus.desktop
- Insert the following lines into the new file
[Desktop Entry] Name=AzureusComment=A Bittorrent clientExec=/opt/azureus/azureusIcon=/opt/azureus/Azureus.pngTerminal=falseType=ApplicationCategories=Application;Network;
- Save the edited file
- Applications -> Internet -> Azureus
[edit]
How to install P2P eMule Client (aMule)
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
sudo apt-get install amule
- Read #How to refresh GNOME panel
- Applications -> Internet -> aMule
[edit]
How to install P2P Gnutella Client (FrostWire)
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to install J2SE Runtime Environment (JRE) with Plug-in for Mozilla Firefox
wget -c http://www.users.on.net/~stubby/FrostWire-4.10.9-2.i586.debsudo dpkg -i FrostWire-4.10.9-2.i586.deb
- Applications -> Internet -> FrostWire
[edit]
How to install Messenger (Skype)
- Read #General Notes
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
- Add the following lines at the end of file
## Repository for Skypedeb http://download.skype.com/linux/repos/debian/ stable non-free
- Save the edited file
sudo apt-get updatesudo apt-get install skype
- Applications -> Internet -> Skype
[edit]
How to install WinPopup (LinPopUp)
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
- Read #How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service
sudo apt-get install linpopupsudo gedit /usr/share/applications/linpopup.desktop
- Insert the following lines into the new file
[Desktop Entry]Name=LinPopUpComment=LinPopUpExec=linpopupIcon=/usr/share/pixmaps/linpopup.xpmTerminal=falseType=ApplicationCategories=Application;Utility;
- Save the edited file
- Read #How to refresh GNOME panel
- Applications -> Accessories -> LinPopUp
[edit]
How to install Multimedia Codecs
Stubby All known codecs work except for wmv
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.10-ffmpegsudo apt-get install gstreamer0.10-glsudo apt-get install gstreamer0.10-plugins-basesudo apt-get install gstreamer0.10-plugins-goodsudo apt-get install gstreamer0.10-plugins-badsudo apt-get install gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad-multiversesudo apt-get install gstreamer0.10-plugins-uglysudo apt-get install gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly-multiverse
- Read #How to restart GNOME without rebooting computer
[edit]
How to install DVD playback capability
ironss: gstreamer dvd plugin is available as part of plugins-bad (or ugly?) and does not work reliably. However, Totem works with the xine backend to play back DVDs. This will keep you going until gstreamer gets dvd playback. Note that you do not have to install xine-ui or mplayer as suggested in
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
sudo apt-get install libdvdread3 sudo /usr/share/doc/libdvdread3/examples/install-css.shsudo apt-get install totem-xine
Stubby: gstreamer dvd plugin not ported to dapper yet. following instructions will not work properly
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
sudo apt-get install libdvdcss2
[edit]
How to install Multimedia Player (xine-ui)
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
- Read #How to install Multimedia Codecs
- Read #How to install DVD playback capability
sudo apt-get install xine-ui libxine-extracodecs
- Associate xine-ui to play multimedia files
gconftool-2 --type string --set /desktop/gnome/volume_manager/autoplay_dvd_command "xine dvd://"sudo rm -f /usr/share/applnk/Multimedia/xine.desktopsudo ln -fs /usr/share/xine/desktop/xine.desktop /usr/share/applications/sudo cp /usr/share/applications/defaults.list /usr/share/applications/defaults.list_backupsudo sed -e 's/totem.desktop/xine.desktop/g' /usr/share/applications/defaults.list_backup > /tmp/defaults.listsudo mv /tmp/defaults.list /usr/share/applications/defaults.list
- Read #How to refresh GNOME panel
- Read #How to refresh GNOME desktop
- Applications -> Sound & Video -> xine
[edit]
How to install VLC Multimedia player
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
sudo apt-get install vlc vlc-plugin-*
- Applications -> Sound and Video -> VLC Media Player
[edit]
How to install Multimedia Player (Totem) with Plug-in for Mozilla Firefox
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
- Read #How to install Multimedia Codecs
- Read #How to install DVD playback capability
sudo apt-get install totem-gstreamer-firefox-plugin
- Restart Mozilla Firefox
[edit]
How to install Multimedia Player (XMMS)
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
- Read #How to install Multimedia Codecs
sudo apt-get install xmmssudo apt-get install xmms-skinswget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/xmms-wma_1.0.4-2_i386.debsudo dpkg -i xmms-wma_1.0.4-2_i386.deb
- Associate XMMS to play MP3/M3U/WAV files
sudo cp /usr/share/applications/defaults.list /usr/share/applications/defaults.list_backupsudo cp /usr/share/applications/defaults.list /tmp/defaults.list_tmpsudo sed -e 's/audio//mpeg=.*/audio//mpeg=XMMS.desktop/g' /tmp/defaults.list_tmp > /tmp/defaults.mp3sudo sed -e 's/audio//x-mpegurl=.*/audio//x-mpegurl=XMMS.desktop/g' /tmp/defaults.mp3 > /tmp/defaults.m3usudo sed -e 's/audio//x-wav=.*/audio//x-wav=XMMS.desktop/g' /tmp/defaults.m3u > /tmp/defaults.listsudo mv /tmp/defaults.list /usr/share/applications/defaults.listsudo rm -f /tmp/defaults.*
- Read #How to refresh GNOME panel
- Read #How to refresh GNOME desktop
- Applications -> Sound & Video -> XMMS
[edit]
How to install Multimedia Player (amaroK)
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
- Read #How to install Multimedia Codecs
sudo apt-get install amarok
- Applications -> Sound & Video -> amaroK
[edit]
How to install Multimedia Player (RealPlayer 10)
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
sudo apt-get install realplay
- Note: 'realplay' installs RealPlayer 10 from PLF repository, which you should be enabled if you followed this guide. 'realplayer' installs RealPlayer 8 from multiverse.
- Applications -> Sound & Video -> RealPlayer 10
- It will also install all the necessary plugins automagically for it to view embedded real videos in Firefox
- To avoid issues of flickering or screen going blank when switching windows, goto
- RealPlayer 10 -> Tools -> Preferences -> Hardware -> Uncheck XVideo
[edit]
How to install Stream Directory Browser (streamtuner)
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
sudo apt-get install streamtunersudo apt-get install streamripper
- Read #How to refresh GNOME panel
- Applications -> Sound & Video -> streamtuner
[edit]
How to install Music Organizer (Cowbell)
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
sudo apt-get install cowbell
- Applications -> Sound & Video -> Cowbell Music Organizer
[edit]
How to install ID3 Tag Editor (EasyTAG)
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
sudo apt-get install easytag
- Read #How to refresh GNOME panel
- Applications -> Sound & Video -> EasyTAG
[edit]
How to install Video Editor (Kino)
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
- Read #How to install Multimedia Codecs
sudo apt-get install kinosudo apt-get install kinoplussudo apt-get install kino-timfxsudo apt-get install kino-dvtitler
- Read #How to refresh GNOME panel
- Applications -> Sound & Video -> Kino Video Editor
[edit]
How to install Audio Editor (Audacity)
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
- Read #How to install Multimedia Codecs
sudo apt-get install audacity
- Read #How to refresh GNOME panel
- Applications -> Sound & Video -> Audacity
[edit]
How to install DVD Ripper (dvd::rip)
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
- Read #How to install Multimedia Codecs
- Read #How to install DVD playback capability
- Read #How to install Multimedia Player (Totem) with Plug-in for Mozilla Firefox
- Read #How to install RAR Archiver (rar)
sudo apt-get install dvdripsudo apt-get install vcdimagersudo apt-get install cdrdaosudo apt-get install subtitlerippersudo ln -fs /usr/bin/rar /usr/bin/rar-2.80sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/dvdrip.desktop
- Insert the following lines into the new file
[Desktop Entry]Name=dvd::rip Comment=dvd::ripExec=dvdripIcon=/usr/share/perl5/Video/DVDRip/icon.xpmTerminal=falseType=ApplicationCategories=Application;AudioVideo;
- Save the edited file
- Read #How to refresh GNOME panel
- Applications -> Sound & Video -> dvd::rip
[edit]
How to install CD Ripper (Goobox)
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
- Read #How to install Multimedia Codecs
sudo apt-get install gooboxsudo rm -f /usr/share/applications/goobox.desktopsudo gedit /usr/share/applications/goobox.desktop
- Insert the following lines into the new file
[Desktop Entry]Name=CD Player & RipperComment=Play and extract CDsExec=gooboxIcon=goobox.pngTerminal=falseType=ApplicationCategories=Application;AudioVideo;
- Save the edited file
- Read #How to refresh GNOME panel
- Applications -> Sound & Video -> CD Player & Ripper
[edit]
How to install Image Viewer (digiKam)
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
sudo apt-get install digikam digikamimageplugins kipi-plugins
- Applications -> Graphics -> digikam
[edit]
How to install Picasa image organizer
- Read #General Notes
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
- Add the following lines at the end of file
# Google Picasa for Linux repositorydeb http://dl.google.com/linux/deb/ stable non-free
- Save the edited file
sudo apt-get updatesudo apt-get install picasa
- Applications -> Graphics -> Picasa
[edit]
How to install Opera web browser
- Read #General Notes
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
- Add the following lines at the end of file
# The Opera web browser repopsitorydeb http://deb.opera.com/opera etch non-free
- Save the edited file
sudo apt-get updatesudo apt-get install opera
- Applications -> Internet -> Opera
- To get java working go to Tools->Preferences->Advanced->Content-> Check "Enable Java". Click the "Enable Java..." button enter "/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-sun/jre/lib/i386" (for sun java) in the new dialog and then click the "Validate Java Path" button.
[edit]
How to install Email Client (Mozilla Thunderbird)
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
sudo apt-get install mozilla-thunderbird
- Read #How to refresh GNOME panel
- Applications -> Internet -> Thunderbird Mail Client
[edit]
How to install Newsreader (Pan)
- Read #General Notes
wget -c http://www.users.on.net/~stubby/pan_0.100_i386.debsudo apt-get install libgmime2.1sudo dpkg -i pan_0.100_i386.deb
- Read #How to refresh GNOME panel
- Applications -> Internet -> Pan Newsreader
[edit]
How to install RSS/RDF/Atom Newsreader (RSSOwl)
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to install J2SE Runtime Environment (JRE) with Plug-in for Mozilla Firefox
wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/rssowl_linux_1_1_3_bin.tar.gzsudo tar zxvf rssowl_linux_1_1_3_bin.tar.gz -C /opt/sudo chown -R root:root /opt/rssowl_linux_1_1_3_bin/sudo gedit /usr/bin/runRSSOwl.sh
- Insert the following lines into the new file
export MOZILLA_FIVE_HOME=/usr/lib/mozilla-firefoxexport LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:${MOZILLA_FIVE_HOME}:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}cd /opt/rssowl_linux_1_1_3_bin/./run.sh- Save the edited file
sudo chmod +x /usr/bin/runRSSOwl.shsudo gedit /usr/share/applications/RSSOwl.desktop
- Insert the following lines into the new file
[Desktop Entry]Name=RSSOwlComment=RSSOwlExec=runRSSOwl.shIcon=/opt/rssowl_linux_1_1_3_bin/rssowl.xpmTerminal=falseType=ApplicationCategories=Application;Network;
- Save the edited file
- Applications -> Internet -> RSSOwl
[edit]
How to install Web Authoring System (Nvu)
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
sudo apt-get install nvusudo rm -f /usr/share/applications/nvu.desktopsudo gedit /usr/share/applications/nvu.desktop
- Insert the following lines into the new file
[Desktop Entry]Name=NvuComment=Web Development EditorExec=nvuIcon=nvu.xpmTerminal=falseType=ApplicationCategories=Application;Network;
- Save the edited file
- Read #How to refresh GNOME panel
- Applications -> Internet -> Nvu
[edit]
How to install Web Development Environment (quanta plus)
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
sudo apt-get install quanta
- Applications -> Programming -> Quanta Plus
[edit]
How to install Project Management Application (Planner)
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
sudo apt-get install planner
- Read #How to refresh GNOME panel
- Applications -> Office -> Project Management
[edit]
How to install Accounting Application (GnuCash)
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
sudo apt-get install gnucashsudo rm -fr /usr/share/gnome/apps/Applications/sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/GnuCash.desktop
- Insert the following lines into the new file
[Desktop Entry]Name=GnuCashComment=GnuCash Personal FinanceExec=gnucashIcon=/usr/share/pixmaps/gnucash/gnucash-icon.pngTerminal=falseType=ApplicationCategories=Application;Office;
- Save the edited file
- Read #How to refresh GNOME panel
- Applications -> Office -> GnuCash
[edit]
How to install Desktop Publishing Application (Scribus)
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
sudo apt-get install scribus
- Read #How to refresh GNOME panel
- Applications -> Office -> Scribus
[edit]
How to install Diagram Editor (Dia)
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
sudo apt-get install dia-gnome
- Read #How to refresh GNOME panel
- Applications -> Graphics -> Dia
[edit]
How to install Compiled HTML Help (CHM) Viewer (xCHM)
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
sudo apt-get install xchm
- Read #How to refresh GNOME panel
- Applications -> Graphics -> xCHM
[edit]
How to install CD/DVD Burning Application (GnomeBaker)
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
sudo apt-get install gnomebaker
- Read #How to refresh GNOME panel
- Applications -> Accessories -> GnomeBaker CD/DVD Creator
[edit]
How to install CD/DVD Burning Application (K3b)
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
sudo apt-get install k3b k3b-mp3
- Applications -> Sound & Video -> K3b
[edit]
How to install Dialup PPP Client (GNOME PPP)
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
sudo apt-get install gnome-ppp
- Read #How to refresh GNOME panel
- Applications -> Internet -> GNOME PPP
[edit]
How to install Broadband ADSL/PPPoE Client (RP-PPPoE)
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to install Basic Compilers (build-essential)
wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/rp-pppoe-3.6.tar.gzsudo tar zxvf rp-pppoe-3.6.tar.gz -C /opt/sudo chown -R root:root /opt/rp-pppoe-3.6/sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/RP-PPPoE.desktop
- Insert the following lines into the new file
[Desktop Entry]Name=RP-PPPoEComment=RP-PPPoEExec=gksudo /opt/rp-pppoe-3.6/go-guiIcon=Terminal=falseType=ApplicationCategories=Application;Network;
- Save the edited file
- Read #How to refresh GNOME panel
- Applications -> Internet -> RP-PPPoE
[edit]
How to install Boot-Up Manager (BUM)
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
sudo apt-get install bum
- Read #How to refresh GNOME panel
- System -> Administration -> Boot-Up Manager
[edit]
How to install Partition Editor (GParted)
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
sudo apt-get install gparted
- Read #How to refresh GNOME panel
- Applications -> System Tools -> GParted
[edit]
How to install Firewall (Firestarter)
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
sudo apt-get install firestarter
- Read #How to refresh GNOME panel
- Applications -> System Tools -> Firestarter
[edit]
How to install network traffic analyzer (Ethereal)
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
sudo apt-get install ethereal
- Applications -> Internet -> Ethereal
[edit]
How to install Vulnerability Scanner (Nessus)
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
sudo apt-get install nessussudo apt-get install nessusdsudo nessus-addusersudo ln -fs /etc/init.d/nessusd /etc/rc2.d/S20nessusdsudo /etc/init.d/nessusd startsudo gedit /usr/share/applications/Nessus.desktop
- Insert the following lines into the new file
[Desktop Entry]Name=NessusComment=NessusExec=nessusIcon=/usr/share/pixmaps/nessus.xpmTerminal=falseType=ApplicationCategories=Application;System;
- Save the edited file
- Read #How to refresh GNOME panel
- Applications -> System Tools -> Nessus
[edit]
How to install RAR Archiver (rar)
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
sudo apt-get install rarsudo ln -fs /usr/bin/rar /usr/bin/unrar
- Applications -> Accessories -> Archive Manager
[edit]
How to install Extra Fonts
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-arabicsudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-asiansudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-chinesesudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-chinese-bigsudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-europeansudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-japanesesudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-japanese-bigsudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-phoneticsudo apt-get install gsfonts-x11sudo apt-get install msttcorefontssudo fc-cache -f -v
- Save the edited file
- Read #How to restart GNOME without rebooting computer
- Note: Ubuntu Dapper comes with the DejaVu fonts (derived from Bitstream Vera) and provides adequate support for Latin, Greek and Cyrillic based languages.
[edit]
How to install Chinese Input Method (SCIM)
The following advices are outdated and it could be hard to revert to normal afterwards. Please follow instead the official Ubuntu 6.06 Dapper Drake guide at https://wiki.ubuntu.com/InputMethods/SCIM/CJK_Chinese_Japanese_Korean_Input_Method_configuration_using_SCIM_in_Ubuntu_6%2e06_Dapper_Drake
Please note that scim is now installed by default in Dapper, and installing Chinese, Japanese or Korean Support is done using System>Administration>Language Support. The wiki details the method more thoroughly
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
- Read #How to install Extra Fonts
sudo apt-get install scimsudo apt-get install scim-chinesesudo apt-get install scim-config-socketsudo apt-get install scim-gtk2-immodulesudo apt-get install scim-tables-zhwget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/fireflysung-1.3.0.tar.gzsudo tar zxvf fireflysung-1.3.0.tar.gz -C /usr/share/fonts/truetype/sudo chown -R root:root /usr/share/fonts/truetype/fireflysung-1.3.0/ sudo fc-cache -f -v
- System -> Preferences -> SCIM Input Method Setup
- To activate SCIM
Press 'Ctrl + Space'
[edit]
How to install Desktop Applets (gDesklets)
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
sudo apt-get install gdeskletssudo apt-get install gdesklets-data
- Read #How to refresh GNOME panel
- Applications -> Accessories -> gDesklets
- For more info see: http://gdesklets.gnomedesktop.org/
[edit]
How to install Basic Compilers (build-essential)
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
sudo apt-get install build-essential
[edit]
How to install Integrated Development Environment (Anjuta)
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
sudo apt-get install anjuta
- Applications -> Programming -> Anjuta IDE
[edit]
How to install MonoDevelop (C# IDE)
- Read #How to add extra repositories
sudo apt-get install mono mono-gmcs mono-gac mono-utils monodevelop
[edit]
How to install 3D modeling tool (Blender 3d)
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
sudo apt-get install blender
- Applications -> Graphics -> Blender 3D modeller
[edit]
How to install game Tuxracer
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
sudo apt-get install planetpenguin-racer planetpenguin-racer-data planetpenguin-racer-extras
- Applications -> Games -> planetpenguin-racer
[edit]
How to install game Frozen-Bubble
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
sudo apt-get install frozen-bubble
- Applications -> Games -> Frozen-Bubble
[edit]
How to install game Scorched3D
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
sudo apt-get install scorched3dsudo gedit /usr/share/applications/scorched3d.desktop
- Insert the following lines into the new file
[Desktop Entry]Name=Scorched 3DComment=A 3D Remake Of Scorched EarthExec=scorched3dIcon=Terminal=falseType=ApplicationCategories=Application;Game;ArcadeGame;
- Save the edited file
- Read #How to refresh GNOME panel
- Applications -> Games -> Scorched 3D
[edit]
How to install virtual planetarium (Stellarium)
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
sudo apt-get install stellariumsudo gedit /usr/share/applications/stellarium.desktop
- Insert the following lines into the new file
[Desktop Entry]Name=StellariumComment=Virtual planetariumExec=stellariumTerminal=falseType=ApplicationCategories=Application;Education;
- Applications -> Education -> Stellarium
[edit]
How to install Google Earth
- Read #General Notes
wget -c http://dl.google.com/earth/GE4/GoogleEarthLinux.binsudo sh GoogleEarthLinux.bin
- Leave /usr/local/google-earth as the installation path
sudo cp /usr/local/google-earth/googleearth.desktop /usr/share/applications/
- Applications -> Internet -> Google Earth
[edit]
How to install KDE Edutainment applications
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
sudo apt-get install kdeedu
- Applications -> Education -> ...
[edit]
How to install a windows emulator (Wine)
- Allows you to run certain Windows based applications in Ubuntu
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
- Add the following lines at the end of this file
# Repository for winedeb http://wine.budgetdedicated.com/apt dapper maindeb-src http://wine.budgetdedicated.com/apt dapper main
- Save the edited file
sudo apt-get updatesudo apt-get install wine
- For more info see http://www.winehq.com/
[edit]
Other Desktop Environments
[edit]
How to install KDE
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
- You may also look at some KDE Screenshots
sudo apt-get install kubuntu-desktop
- Note: This installation will require ~400MB of disk space
- System -> Log Out -> Log Out
- To log in to KDE click on Sessions and choose KDE
[edit]
How to install XFCE
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
- You may also look at some XFCE Screenshots
sudo apt-get install xubuntu-desktop
- System -> Log Out -> Log Out
- To log in to XFCE click on Sessions and choose XFCE
[edit]
How to install XFCE 4.4 preview versions (4.3.90.1)
- to install Xfce 4.4 beta 1 (4.3.90.1) on a fresh install of Dapper:
- download the Xfce 4.4 preview versions installer (see http://www.xfce.org)
sudo apt-get install build-essential gcc pkg-config libglib2.0-0 / libglib2.0-dev libgtk2.0-0 libgtk2.0-dev libxml++2.6c2a libxml++2.6-dev / libvte-dev libvte4 a2ps libxpm-dev libxpm4 alsa-source alsa alsa-base / alsa-oss alsa-utils libxml-parser-perl libpng12-0 libpng12-dev libdbh1.0-dev
chmod +x xfce4-4.3.90.1-installer.binsudo ./xfce4-4.3.90.1-installer.bin
- on installer, use default setting, except:
- Extensive Optimizations, can be truned on for 386
- Use ALSA for the Xfce Mixer, can be turned off
- (see http://forums.debian.net/viewtopic.php?t=4697&)
- finally to enable Xfce, you may need to enable it on the desktop manager (mark allow Xfce manage desktop)
[edit]
Eye Candy
[edit]
How to install Xgl/Compiz (Nvidia)
- For complete info on how to set up XGL on different cards and some tweaks see: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=148351
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to install Graphics Driver (NVIDIA)
sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf_backupsudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf
- Find this section
Section "Module"Load"i2c"Load"bitmap"...Load"type1"Load"vbe"EndSection
- Comment out dri and GLcore (if present)
#Load"dri"#Load"GLcore"
- Make sure the glx module is loaded
Load"glx"
- Find this section (your values may vary)
Section "Device"Identifier"NVIDIA Corporation NV34M [GeForce FX Go5200]"Driver"nv"BusID"PCI:1:0:0"EndSection
- Replace with the following lines, leaving the Identifier and BusID as it is
Section "Device"...Driver"nvidia"...Option"RenderAccel""true"Option"AllowGLXWithComposite" "true"EndSection
- Find this section
Section "Screen"Identifier"Default Screen"Device"NVIDIA Corporation NV34M [GeForce FX Go5200]"Monitor"Generic Monitor"DefaultDepth16
- Make sure DefaultDepth is set to 24, if it isn't already
DefaultDepth24
- Save the edited file
- Install Xgl/Compiz
sudo apt-get install compiz xserver-xgl libgl1-mesa xserver-xorg libglitz-glx1 compiz-gnomesudo cp /etc/gdm/gdm.conf-custom /etc/gdm/gdm.conf-custom-backupsudo gedit /etc/gdm/gdm.conf-custom
- Replace everything with the following lines
# GDM Configuration Customization file.## This file is the appropriate place for specifying your customizations to the# GDM configuration. If you run gdmsetup, it will automatically edit this# file for you and will cause the daemon and any running GDM GUI programs to# automatically update with the new configuration. Not all configuration# options are supported by gdmsetup, so to modify some values it may be# necessary to modify this file directly by hand.# # To hand-edit this file, simply add or modify the key=value combination in# the appropriate section in the template below. Refer to the comments in the# gdm.conf file for information about each option. Also refer to the reference# documentation.# # If you hand edit a GDM configuration file, you should run the following# command to get the GDM daemon to notice the change. Any running GDM GUI# programs will also be notified to update with the new configuration.## gdmflexiserver --command="UPDATE_CONFIG <configuration key>"## For example, the "Enable" key in the "[debug]" section would be specified by# "debug/Enable".## You can also run gdm-restart or gdm-safe-restart to cause GDM to restart and# re-read the new configuration settings. You can also restart GDM by sending# a HUP or USR1 signal to the daemon. HUP behaves like gdm-restart and causes# any user session started by GDM to exit immediately while USR1 behaves like# gdm-safe-restart and will wait until all users log out before restarting GDM.# # For full reference documentation see the gnome help browser under# GNOME|System category. You can also find the docs in HTML form on# http://www.gnome.org/projects/gdm/# # NOTE: Lines that begin with "#" are considered comments.# # Have fun![daemon][security][xdmcp][gui][greeter][chooser][debug][servers]# Override display 1 to use Xgl0=Xgl [server-Xgl] name=Xgl server command=/usr/bin/Xgl :0 -fullscreen -ac -accel glx:pbuffer -accel xv:fbo flexible=true
- Create a script that runs Xgl/Compiz on startup
sudo gedit /usr/bin/thefuture
- Insert the following lines into the new file. Replace .us with appropriate keyboard binding for your region. Eg .gb for United Kingdom. For a full list of keyboard bindings, type ls /usr/share/xmodmap in a terminal. If unsure, leave as .us (United States)
#!/bin/bashgnome-window-decorator & compiz --replace gconf decoration wobbly fade minimize cube rotate zoom scale move resize place switcher &xmodmap /usr/share/xmodmap/xmodmap.us
- Save the file
sudo chmod 755 /usr/bin/thefuture
- To run compiz for this session
thefuture
- To have compiz load on startup
- System -> Preferences -> Sessions
- Startup Programs -> Add
/usr/bin/thefuture
-
- Click Ok, then Close
- Read #How to restart GNOME without rebooting computer
- Troubleshooting
- If Xgl/Compiz doesn't seem to work, or you get errors, simply restart your machine after adding "thefuture" to Startup programs
- If moving windows slows down the system, run gconf-editor from the terminal. Find apps/compiz/general/screen0/options. Disable detect_refresh_rate and set refresh rate to 60. Everything should work fine now...
- If you are using a non default keyboard layout (other language), you might have to change it back to what you need if the keyboard acts funny at System/Settings/Keyboard.
- You can also set the Super-key to the windows button here.
- Tips
- Switch windows = Alt + Tab
- Arrange and View All Windows = F12 turns on or off; clicking a window will zoom it to the front
- Switch desktops on cube = Ctrl + Alt + Left/Right Arrow
- Switch desktops on cube - with active window following = Ctrl + Shift + Alt + Left/Right Arrow
- Rotate cube manually = Ctrl + Alt + left-click
- Make window translucent/opaque = currently only possible with the "transset" utility
- Zoom-in once = Super-key right-click
- Zoom-in manually = Super-key + wheel mouse up
- Zoom-out manually = Super-key + wheel mouse down
- Move window = Alt + left-click
- Snap Move window (will stick to borders) = Ctrl + Alt + left-click
- Resize window = Alt + right-click
[edit]
How to install alternate boot splash screen
- Read #General Notes
- This installs a minimalistic splash screen that appears when the computer is booting up and shutting down. It is devoid of any text messages.
wget -c http://www.users.on.net/~stubby/usplash-minimalistic_0.1.debsudo dpkg -i usplash-minimalistic_0.1.debsudo update-alternatives --config usplash-artwork.so
- Select the minimalistic alternative (/usr/local/lib/usplash/minimalastic.so) by entering the corresponding number. If you ever want to revert back to the original splash, select the default (/usr/lib/usplash/usplash-default.so)
- Restart your computer to see the effects
[edit]
Commercial Applications
[edit]
How to install Windows 9X/ME/2000/XP (Win4Lin)
- http://www.win4lin.com
[edit]
How to install Windows Applications (CrossOver Office)
- http://www.codeweavers.com
[edit]
How to install Windows Games (Cedega)
- http://www.transgaming.com
[edit]
User Administration
[edit]
How to set/change/enable root user password
- Read #General Notes
sudo passwd root
[edit]
How to disable root user account
- Read #General Notes
sudo passwd -l root
[edit]
How to allow root user to login into GNOME
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to set/change/enable root user password
- System -> Administration -> Login Screen Setup
- Login Screen Setup
Security Tab -> Security -> Allow root to login with GDM (Checked)
[edit]
How to switch to root user in Console mode
- Read #General Notes
sudo -s -HPassword: <specify user password>
[edit]
How to add/edit/delete system users
- Read #General Notes
- System -> Administration -> Users and Groups
- Users and Groups
Users Tab -> Add User.../Properties/Delete
- or
sudo useradd jimsudo userdel jim
- For more info read
man usermod
[edit]
How to add/edit/delete system groups
- Read #General Notes
- System -> Administration -> Users and Groups
- Users and Groups
Groups Tab -> Add Group.../Properties/Delete
[edit]
How to automatic login into GNOME (not secure)
- Read #General Notes
- System -> Administration -> Login Window
Security Tab -> Enable Automatic Login (Checked)Now choose a user from the drop-down menu.
[edit]
How to allow more sudoers
- Read #General Notes
export EDITOR=gedit && sudo visudo
- Append the following line at the end of file
system_usernameALL=(ALL) ALL
- Save the edited file
[edit]
How to use "sudo" without prompt for password (not secure)
- Read #General Notes
export EDITOR=gedit && sudo visudo
- Find this line
...system_usernameALL=(ALL) ALL...
- Replace with the following line
system_usernameALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL
- Save the edited file
[edit]
How to explicitly destroy the "sudo" session
- Read #General Notes
sudo -K
[edit]
How to change files/folders permissions
- Read #General Notes
Right click on files/folders -> Properties
Permissions Tab -> Read/Write/Execute (Checked the permissions for Owner/Group/Others)
[edit]
How to change files/folders ownership
- Read #General Notes
sudo chown system_username /location_of_files_or_folders
[edit]
How to change files/folders group ownership
- Read #General Notes
sudo chgrp system_groupname /location_of_files_or_folders
[edit]
Hardware
[edit]
How to install Graphics Driver (NVIDIA)
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
sudo apt-get install nvidia-glx nvidia-kernel-commonsudo nvidia-glx-config enable
- Read #How to restart GNOME without rebooting computer
[edit]
How to disable NVIDIA graphics logo on GNOME startup
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to install Graphics Driver (NVIDIA)
sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf_backupsudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf
- Find this section
...Section "Device"Identifier"NVIDIA Corporation NV11 [GeForce2 MX/MX 400]"Driver"nvidia"BusID"PCI:1:0:0"...
- Add the following line below it
Option"NoLogo"
- Save the edited file
- Read #How to restart GNOME without rebooting computer
[edit]
How to install Graphics Driver (ATI)
- See Unofficial ATI Linux driver wiki
- Or Ubuntuforums.org
[edit]
How to identify Modem chipset
- Read #General Notes
- To install Modem chipset identifier
- Read #How to install Basic Compilers (build-essential)
wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/scanModem.gzgunzip -c scanModem.gz > scanModemchmod +x scanModemsudo cp scanModem /usr/bin/
- To identify Modem chipset
sudo scanModemgedit Modem/ModemData.txt
[edit]
How to install Modem Driver (SmartLink)
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
uname -r (must be 2.6.10-5-386)wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/sl-modem-modules-2.6.10-5-386_2.9.9a-1ubuntu2+2.6.10-34_i386.debsudo dpkg -i sl-modem-modules-*.debsudo apt-get install sl-modem-daemon
[edit]
How to configure PalmOS Devices
- Read #General Notes
sudo gedit /etc/udev/rules.d/10-custom.rules
- Insert the following line into the new file
BUS="usb", SYSFS{product}="Palm Handheld*", KERNEL="ttyUSB*", NAME{ignore_remove}="pilot", MODE="666"- Save the edited file
- Add the pilot-applet to the Taskbar by Right-Clicking on an empty spot
- Follow the instructions on screen
[edit]
How to list partition tables
- Read #General Notes
sudo fdisk -l
- You can also use System -> Administration -> Disks
[edit]
How to list filesystem disk space usage
- Read #General Notes
df -T -h
- You can also use System -> Administration -> Disks
[edit]
How to list mounted devices
- Read #General Notes
mount
[edit]
How to list PCI devices
- Read #General Notes
lspci
[edit]
How to list USB devices
- Read #General Notes
lsusb
[edit]
How to speed up CD/DVD-ROM
- Read #General Notes
- e.g. Assumed that /dev/cdrom is the location of CD/DVD-ROM
sudo hdparm -d1 /dev/cdromsudo cp /etc/hdparm.conf /etc/hdparm.conf_backupsudo gedit /etc/hdparm.conf
- Append the following lines at the end of file
/dev/cdrom { dma = on}- Save the edited file
[edit]
How to mount/unmount CD/DVD-ROM manually, and show all hidden and associated files/folders
- Read #General Notes
- e.g. Assumed that /media/cdrom0/ is the location of CD/DVD-ROM
- To mount CD/DVD-ROM
sudo mount /media/cdrom0/ -o unhide
- To unmount CD/DVD-ROM
sudo umount /media/cdrom0/
[edit]
How to forcefully unmount CD/DVD-ROM manually
- Read #General Notes
- e.g. Assumed that /media/cdrom0/ is the location of CD/DVD-ROM
sudo umount /media/cdrom0/ -l
[edit]
How to remount /etc/fstab without rebooting
- Read #General Notes
sudo mount -a
[edit]
How to install a Wacom tablet
For a detailed guide with screenshots about how to configure the "Extended input devices" in your graphic applications, please follow the official Dapper guide at https://wiki.ubuntu.com//Wacom
With the version of the Linux Wacom driver (0.7.2) in Ubuntu 6.06 Dapper Drake, if you unplug you tablet, it won't function when you plug it back in and you will have to restart X. For this reason, it is best to leave the tablet plugged in. This limitation will be removed when the 0.7.4 version of the driver is included in Ubuntu.
- Read #General Notes
- 1. Using Synaptic package manager1, check if the packages xserver-xorg-input-wacom and wacom-tools are already installed - if not, install them. If you prefer using the command line, you can also execute :
sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-input-wacom wacom-tools
- 2. Save a copy of your /etc/X11/xorg.conf :
sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.backup
- then edit it with the command line :
sudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf
- and change all /dev/wacom occurences into /dev/input/wacom (created by wacom-tools udev scripts), then save the file.
- You should be ready to go after you have restarted X. Remember to configure the "Extended input devices" in your graphic applications (Gimp, Inkscape), however you can already check if it's working by moving your stylus on the tablet : the mouse cursor should go through the whole screen.
[edit]
CD/DVD Burning
[edit]
How to blank CD-RW/DVD-RW
- Read #General Notes
- e.g. Assumed that /dev/cdrom is the location of CD/DVD-ROM
sudo umount /dev/cdromcdrecord dev=/dev/cdrom blank=fast
[edit]
How to burn files/folders into CD/DVD
- Read #General Notes
nautilus burn:///
- File Browser: CD/DVD Creator
- Drag files/folders into window
File Menu -> Write to Disc... -> Write
[edit]
How to burn Image (ISO) files into CD/DVD
- Read #General Notes
Right click on Image (ISO) file -> Write to Disc... -> Write
[edit]
How to duplicate CD/DVD
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to create Image (ISO) files from CD/DVD
- Read #How to burn Image (ISO) files into CD/DVD
[edit]
How to create Image (ISO) files from CD/DVD
- Read #General Notes
- e.g. Assumed that /dev/cdrom is the location of CD/DVD-ROM
sudo umount /dev/cdromdd if=/dev/cdrom of=file.iso bs=1024
[edit]
How to create Image (ISO) files from folders
- Read #General Notes
mkisofs -o file.iso /location_of_folder/
[edit]
How to generate MD5 checksum files
- Read #General Notes
md5sum file.iso > file.iso.md5
[edit]
How to check MD5 checksum of files
- Read #General Notes
- e.g. Assumed that file.iso and file.iso.md5 are in the same folder
md5sum -c file.iso.md5
[edit]
How to mount/unmount Image (ISO) files without burning
- Read #General Notes
- To mount Image (ISO) file
sudo mkdir /media/isosudo modprobe loopsudo mount file.iso /media/iso/ -t iso9660 -o loop
- To unmount Image (ISO) file
sudo umount /media/iso/
[edit]
How to set/change the burn speed for CD/DVD Burner
- Read #General Notes
- Applications -> System Tools -> Configuration Editor
- Configuration Editor
/ -> apps -> nautilus-cd-burner -> default_speed (set/change the burn speed)
[edit]
How to enable burnproof for CD/DVD Burner
- Read #General Notes
- Applications -> System Tools -> Configuration Editor
- Configuration Editor
/ -> apps -> nautilus-cd-burner -> burnproof (Checked)
[edit]
How to enable overburn for CD/DVD Burner
- Read #General Notes
- Applications -> System Tools -> Configuration Editor
- Configuration Editor
/ -> apps -> nautilus-cd-burner -> overburn (Checked)
[edit]
Networking
[edit]
How to configure Google Talk
- See the answer at Google Talk Help Center
[edit]
How to activate/deactivate network connections
- Read #General Notes
- System -> Administration -> Networking
- Network settings
Connections Tab -> Select "Ethernet connection" -> Activate/Deactivate
[edit]
How to configure network connections
- Read #General Notes
- System -> Administration -> Networking
- Network settings
Connections Tab -> Select "Ethernet connection" -> PropertiesConnection -> Enable this connection (Checked)Connection Settings -> Configuration: Select "DHCP/Static IP address"
DNS Tab -> DNS Servers -> Add/Delete
- Read #How to activate/deactivate network connections
[edit]
How to configure dialup connections
- Read #General Notes
- To configure dialup
sudo pppconfig
- To connect dialup
sudo pon provider_name
- To disconnect dialup
sudo poff
[edit]
How to configure broadband connections
- Read #General Notes
sudo pppoeconf
[edit]
How to change computer name
- Read #General Notes
- System -> Administration -> Networking
- Network settings
General Tab -> Host Settings -> Hostname: Specify the computer name
- Save and close all opened applications, Reboot computer
[edit]
How to change computer descriptions
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service
sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backupsudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf
- Find this line
... server string = %h server (Samba, Ubuntu)...
- Replace with the following line
server string = new_computer_descriptions
- Save the edited file
sudo testparmsudo /etc/init.d/samba restart
[edit]
How to change computer Domain/Workgroup
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service
sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backupsudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf
- Find this line
... workgroup = MSHOME...
- Replace with the following line
workgroup = new_domain_or_workgroup
- Save the edited file
sudo testparmsudo /etc/init.d/samba restart
[edit]
How to assign Hostname to local machine with dynamic IP using free DynDNS service
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
- Register free Dynamic DNS at http://www.dyndns.com/services/dns/dyndns
sudo apt-get install ipchecksudo gedit /etc/ppp/ip-up.d/dyndns_update.sh
- Insert the following lines into the new file
#!/bin/sh USERNAME=myusername PASSWORD=mypassword HOSTNAME=myhostname.dyndns.org cd /root/ if [ -f /root/ipcheck.dat ]; then ipcheck -r checkip.dyndns.org:8245 $USERNAME $PASSWORD $HOSTNAME else ipcheck --makedat -r checkip.dyndns.org:8245 $USERNAME $PASSWORD $HOSTNAME fi
- Save the edited file
sudo chmod 700 /etc/ppp/ip-up.d/dyndns_update.shsudo sh /etc/ppp/ip-up.d/dyndns_update.sh
[edit]
How to share folders the easy way
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service
Right click on folder -> Share folder
Shared folder -> Share with: Select "SMB"Share properties -> Name: Specify the share name
[edit]
How to browse network computers
- Read #General Notes
- e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly
- If computers or network folders could not be found, try access them directly
- Read #How to access network folders without mounting
- Places -> Network Servers
[edit]
How to access network folders without mounting
- Read #General Notes
- e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly
- Network computer's IP: 192.168.0.1
- Shared folder's name: linux
- Press 'Alt+F2' (Run Application...) and enter:
smb://192.168.0.1/linux
[edit]
How to mount/unmount network folders manually, and allow all users to read
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service
- e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly
- Network computer's IP: 192.168.0.1
- Network computer's Username: myusername
- Network computer's Password: mypassword
- Shared folder's name: linux
- Local mount folder: /media/sharename
- To mount network folder
sudo mkdir /media/sharenamesudo mount //192.168.0.1/linux /media/sharename/ -o username=myusername,password=mypassword
- To unmount network folder
sudo umount /media/sharename/
[edit]
How to mount/unmount network folders manually, and allow all users to read/write
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service
- e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly
- Network computer's IP: 192.168.0.1
- Network computer's Username: myusername
- Network computer's Password: mypassword
- Shared folder's name: linux
- Local mount folder: /media/sharename
- To mount network folder
sudo mkdir /media/sharenamesudo mount //192.168.0.1/linux /media/sharename/ -o username=myusername,password=mypassword,dmask=777,fmask=777
- To unmount network folder
sudo umount /media/sharename/
[edit]
How to mount network folders on boot-up, and allow all users to read
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service
- e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly
- Network computer's IP: 192.168.0.1
- Network computer's Username: myusername
- Network computer's Password: mypassword
- Shared folder's name: linux
- Local mount folder: /media/sharename
sudo mkdir /media/sharenamesudo gedit /root/.smbcredentials
- Insert the following lines into the new file
username=myusernamepassword=mypassword
- Save the edited file
sudo chmod 700 /root/.smbcredentialssudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab_backupsudo gedit /etc/fstab
- Append the following line at the end of file
//192.168.0.1/linux /media/sharename smbfs credentials=/root/.smbcredentials 0 0
- Save the edited file
- Read #How to remount /etc/fstab without rebooting
[edit]
How to mount network folders on boot-up, and allow all users to read/write
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service
- e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly
- Network computer's IP: 192.168.0.1
- Network computer's Username: myusername
- Network computer's Password: mypassword
- Shared folder's name: linux
- Local mount folder: /media/sharename
sudo mkdir /media/sharenamesudo gedit /root/.smbcredentials
- Insert the following lines into the new file
username=myusernamepassword=mypassword
- Save the edited file
sudo chmod 700 /root/.smbcredentialssudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab_backupsudo gedit /etc/fstab
- Append the following line at the end of file
//192.168.0.1/linux /media/sharename smbfs credentials=/root/.smbcredentials,dmask=777,fmask=777 0 0
- Save the edited file
- Read #How to remount /etc/fstab without rebooting
[edit]
How to get ipw2200 and wpa to work
- See Ubuntuforuns.org how-tos
[edit]
How to Configure and start PPTP tunnels (VPN)
- Read #General Notes
- Use these instructions to automatically install PPTP Client
- OR
- Install manually
wget -c http://linux.edu.lv/uploads/content/pptp.tar.gztar zxvf pptp.tar.gzsudo sh ./pptp/install
- To configure PPTP Client
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/pptpconfig.desktop
- Replace content of this file with the following lines
[Desktop Entry]Name=PPTP ClientComment=Configure and start PPTP tunnels (VPN)Categories=Application;NetworkEncoding=UTF-8Exec=gksudo pptpconfigIcon=gnome-remote-desktop.pngStartupNotify=trueTerminal=falseType=Application
- The above lines change the default file in three ways: the application is placed in the Application/Internet category, gksudo will make the application run as superuser and we put a nice icon that appears in the menu.
- Start the client with Applications -> Internet -> PPTP Client
[edit]
How to configure Network-manager with WPA 1 and 2 support
[edit]
Remote Desktop
[edit]
How to configure remote desktop (not secure)
- Read #General Notes
- Warning! Remote Desktop will only work if there's a GNOME login session
- Leaving computer with an unattended GNOME login session is not secure
- Use (System -> Lock Screen) and switch off the monitor when computer is left unattended
- System -> Preferences -> Remote Desktop
- Remote Desktop Preferences
Sharing ->Allow other users to view your desktop (Checked)Allow other users to control your desktop (Checked)
Security ->Ask you for confirmation (Un-Checked)Require the user to enter this password: (Checked)Password: Specify the password
[edit]
How to connect into remote Ubuntu desktop
- Read #General Notes
- e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have configured Remote Desktop
- Read #How to configure remote desktop (not secure)
- Remote Ubuntu machine: 192.168.0.1
vncviewer -fullscreen 192.168.0.1:0
- To quit vncviewer
Press 'F8' -> Quit viewer
[edit]
How to connect into remote Ubuntu desktop via Windows machine
- Read #General Notes
- e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have configured Remote Desktop
- Read #How to configure remote desktop (not secure)
- Remote Ubuntu machine: 192.168.0.1
- Download VNC Viewer: Here
[edit]
Windows
[edit]
How to mount/unmount Windows partitions (NTFS) manually, and allow all users to read only
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to list partition tables
- e.g. Assumed that /dev/hda1 is the location of Windows partition (NTFS)
- Local mount folder: /media/windows
- To mount Windows partition
sudo mkdir /media/windowssudo mount /dev/hda1 /media/windows/ -t ntfs -o nls=utf8,umask=0222
- To unmount Windows partition
sudo umount /media/windows/
[edit]
How to mount/unmount Windows partitions (FAT) manually, and allow all users to read/write
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to list partition tables
- e.g. Assumed that /dev/hda1 is the location of Windows partition (FAT)
- Local mount folder: /media/windows
- To mount Windows partition
sudo mkdir /media/windowssudo mount /dev/hda1 /media/windows/ -t vfat -o iocharset=utf8,umask=000
- To unmount Windows partition
sudo umount /media/windows/
[edit]
How to mount Windows partitions (NTFS) on boot-up, and allow all users to read only
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to list partition tables
- e.g. Assumed that /dev/hda1 is the location of Windows partition (NTFS)
- Local mount folder: /media/windows
sudo mkdir /media/windowssudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab_backupsudo gedit /etc/fstab
- Append the following line at the end of file
/dev/hda1 /media/windows ntfs nls=utf8,umask=0222 0 0
- Save the edited file
- Read #How to remount /etc/fstab without rebooting
[edit]
How to mount Windows partitions (FAT) on boot-up, and allow all users to read/write
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to list partition tables
- e.g. Assumed that /dev/hda1 is the location of Windows partition (FAT)
- Local mount folder: /media/windows
sudo mkdir /media/windowssudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab_backupsudo gedit /etc/fstab
- Append the following line at the end of file
/dev/hda1 /media/windows vfat iocharset=utf8,umask=000 0 0
- Save the edited file
- Read #How to remount /etc/fstab without rebooting
[edit]
Security
[edit]
What are the basic things I need to know about securing my Ubuntu
- Read #General Notes
- Ensure hard drive is first in BIOS boot-up sequence
- To prevent trespassers from using Linux Installation CD which allows them to gain root user access
- To prevent trespassers from using Linux Live CD (e.g. UBUNTU/KNOPPIX/MEPIS) which allows them to destroy/browse/share the entire hard drive
- To prevent trespassers from installing another Operating System
- Ensure a password is set for BIOS
- To prevent trespassers from changing the BIOS boot-up sequence
- Ensure computer is located at a secured place
- To prevent trespassers from removing computer's hard drive which allows them to destroy/browse/share the entire hard drive from a different computer
- To prevent trespassers from removing computer's on-board battery which resets the BIOS password
- Ensure passwords used on the system cannot be easily guessed
- To prevent trespassers from cracking password file using brute force attacks (e.g. John the Ripper)
- Create password with minimum length of 8 characters
- Create password with mixture of characters/numbers, and upper/lower case
- Ensure interactive editing control for GRUB menu is disabled
- To prevent trespassers from modifying kernel boot-up arguments which allows them to have root user access
- Read #How to disable all interactive editing control for GRUB menu
- Ensure history listing is disabled in Console mode
- To prevent trespassers from seeing previously issued commands
- Read #How to disable history listing in Console mode
- Ensure Ctrl+Alt+Del is disabled in Console mode
- To prevent trespassers from restarting the system without permission in Console mode
- Read [[#How to disable Ctrl+Alt+Del from restarting computer in Console mode]]
- Ensure interactive option is set for remove, copy and move of files/folders in Console mode
- To prevent accidental removal/overwritten of files/folders
- Read #How to enable prompt before removal/overwritten of files/folders in Console mode
- For day to day usage, login as a normal user
- To prevent accidental deletion/modification of system files/folders
- Read #How to add/edit/delete system users
- Disable root user account, use "sudo" instead
- To reduce the amount of time spent with root privileges, and thus the risk of inadvertently executing a command as root
- "sudo" provides a more useful audit trail (/var/log/auth.log)
- Read #How to disable root user account
- Install a Firewall
- A firewall does not guarantee security but it is in most environments the first line of defense against network based attacks
- Read #How to install Firewall (Firestarter)
- Perform vulnerability test
- Nessus is a great tool designed to automate the testing and discovery of known security problems
- Read #How to install Vulnerability Scanner (Nessus)
[edit]
How to disable all interactive editing control for GRUB menu
- Read #General Notes
grub
grub> md5cryptPassword: ****** (ubuntu)Encrypted: $1$ZWnke0$1fzDBVjUcT1Mpdd4u/T961 (encrypted password)grub> quit
sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backupsudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst
- Find this section
...## password ['--md5'] passwd# If used in the first section of a menu file, disable all interactive editing# control (menu entry editor and command-line) and entries protected by the# command 'lock'# e.g. password topsecret# password --md5 $1$gLhU0/$aW78kHK1QfV3P2b2znUoe/# password topsecret...
- Add the following line below it
password --md5 $1$ZWnke0$1fzDBVjUcT1Mpdd4u/T961 (encrypted password above)
- Find this section
...titleUbuntu, kernel 2.6.10-5-386 (recovery mode)root(hd0,1)kernel/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.10-5-386 root=/dev/hda2 ro singleinitrd/boot/initrd.img-2.6.10-5-386savedefaultboot...
- Replace with the following lines
#titleUbuntu, kernel 2.6.10-5-386 (recovery mode)#root(hd0,1)#kernel/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.10-5-386 root=/dev/hda2 ro single#initrd/boot/initrd.img-2.6.10-5-386#savedefault#boot
- Save the edited file
[edit]
How to disable history listing in Console mode
- Read #General Notes
rm -f $HOME/.bash_historytouch $HOME/.bash_historychmod 000 $HOME/.bash_history
[edit]
How to disable Ctrl+Alt+Del from restarting computer in Console mode
- Read #General Notes
sudo cp /etc/inittab /etc/inittab_backupsudo gedit /etc/inittab
- Find this line
...ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -r now...
- Replace with the following line
#ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -r now
- Save the edited file
sudo telinit q
[edit]
How to enable prompt before removal/overwritten of files/folders in Console mode
- Read #General Notes
sudo cp /etc/bash.bashrc /etc/bash.bashrc_backupsudo gedit /etc/bash.bashrc
- Append the following lines at the end of file
alias rm='rm -i'alias cp='cp -i'alias mv='mv -i'
- Save the edited file
[edit]
Rescue Mode
[edit]
How to gain root user access without login
- Read #General Notes
- Easiest method (will not work if GRUB menu password is set)
- Boot-up computer
- If GRUB menu is hidden, press 'Esc' to enter the GRUB menu
- Select
Ubuntu, kernel 2.6.10-5-386 (recovery mode)
-
- Press 'Enter' to boot
- Other methods
- Read #How to modify kernel boot-up arguments, to gain root user access
- Read #How to use Ubuntu Installation CD, to gain root user access
[edit]
How to modify kernel boot-up arguments, to gain root user access
- Read #General Notes
- Boot-up computer
- If GRUB menu is hidden, press 'Esc' to enter the GRUB menu
- If GRUB password is set, press 'p' to unlock the GRUB menu
- Select
Ubuntu, kernel 2.6.10-5-386
- Press 'e' to edit the commands before booting
- Select
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.10-5-386 root=/dev/hda2 ro quiet splash
- Press 'e' to edit the selected command in the boot sequence
- Add "rw init=/bin/bash" to the end of the arguments
grub edit> kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.10-5-386 root=/dev/hda2 ro quiet splash rw init=/bin/bash
- Press 'b' to boot
[edit]
How to use Ubuntu Installation CD, to gain root user access
- Read #General Notes
- Boot-up computer into Ubuntu Installation CD
- At "boot:" prompt, add "rescue" to the argument
boot: rescue
- Follow the instructions on screen
[edit]
How to change root user/main user password if forgotten
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to gain root user access without login
- To change root user password
# passwd root
- To change main user password
# passwd system_main_username
[edit]
How to change GRUB menu password if forgotten
- Read #General Notes
grub
grub> md5cryptPassword: ****** (ubuntu)Encrypted: $1$ZWnke0$1fzDBVjUcT1Mpdd4u/T961 (encrypted password)grub> quit
sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backupsudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst
- Find this line
...password --md5 $1$gLhU0/$aW78kHK1QfV3P2b2znUoe/...
- Replace with the following line
password --md5 $1$ZWnke0$1fzDBVjUcT1Mpdd4u/T961 (encrypted password above)
- Save the edited file
[edit]
How to restore GRUB menu after Windows installation
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to use Ubuntu Installation CD, to gain root user access
- e.g. Assumed that /dev/hda is the location of /boot partition
# grub-install /dev/hda
[edit]
How to add Windows entry into GRUB menu
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to list partition tables
- e.g. Assumed that /dev/hda1 is the location of Windows partition
sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backupsudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst
- Append the following lines at the end of file
titleMicrosoft Windowsroot(hd0,0)savedefaultmakeactivechainloader+1
- Save the edited file
[edit]
How to read Linux partitions (ext2, ext3) in Windows machine
- Read #General Notes
- Download Explore2fs: Here
- OR
- See www.fs-driver.org
[edit]
Tips & Tricks
[edit]
How to restart GNOME without rebooting computer
- Read #General Notes
- Save and close all opened applications
Press 'Ctrl + Alt + Backspace'
- or
sudo /etc/init.d/gdm restart
[edit]
How to turn on Num Lock on GNOME startup
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
sudo apt-get install numlockxsudo cp /etc/X11/gdm/Init/Default /etc/X11/gdm/Init/Default_backupsudo gedit /etc/X11/gdm/Init/Default
- Find this line
...exit 0
- Add the following lines above it
if [ -x /usr/bin/numlockx ]; then /usr/bin/numlockx onfi
- Save the edited file
- Read #How to restart GNOME without rebooting computer
[edit]
How to run programs on startup when login into GNOME
- Read #General Notes
- System -> Preferences -> Sessions
- Sessions
Startup Programs Tab -> Add/Edit/Delete
[edit]
How to speed-up your Ubuntu box
- Read the following post: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=189192
[edit]
How to switch to Console mode in GNOME
- Read #General Notes
- To switch to Console mode
Press 'Ctrl + Alt + F1' (F2 - F6)
- To switch between consles in Console mode
Press 'Alt + F1' (F2 - F6)
- To switch back to GNOME mode
Press 'Alt + F7'
[edit]
How to disable Ctrl+Alt+Backspace from restarting X in GNOME
- Read #General Notes
sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf_backupsudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf
- Append the following lines at the end of file
Section "ServerFlags"Option"DontZap""yes"EndSection
- Save the edited file
- Read #How to restart GNOME without rebooting computer
[edit]
How to enable Ctrl+Alt+Del to open System Monitor in GNOME
- Read #General Notes
gconftool-2 -t str --set /apps/metacity/global_keybindings/run_command_9 "<Control><Alt>Delete"gconftool-2 -t str --set /apps/metacity/keybinding_commands/command_9 "gnome-system-monitor"
[edit]
How to refresh GNOME desktop
- Read #General Notes
killall nautilus
[edit]
How to refresh GNOME panel
- Read #General Notes
killall gnome-panel
[edit]
How to enable autosave in Gedit and disable creation of some_file~ files
- Read #General Notes
- Applications -> System Tools -> Configuration Editor
- Configuration Editor
/ -> apps -> gedit-2 -> preferences -> editor -> save -> create_backup_copy (Unchecked)/ -> apps -> gedit-2 -> preferences -> editor -> save -> auto_save (Checked)
[edit]
How to show all hidden files/folders in Nautilus
- Read #General Notes
- Places -> Home Folder
- To temporary show all hidden files/folders in Nautilus
Press 'Ctrl + H'
- To permanently show all hidden files/folders in Nautilus
Edit Menu -> Preferences
Views Tab -> Default View -> Show hidden and backup files (Checked)
[edit]
How to browse files/folders as root user in Nautilus
- Read #General Notes
- To install File Browser (Root)
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/Nautilus-root.desktop
-
- Insert the following lines into the new file
[Desktop Entry]Name=File Browser (Root)Comment=Browse the filesystem with the file managerExec=gksudo "nautilus --browser %U"Icon=file-managerTerminal=falseType=ApplicationCategories=Application;System;
-
- Save the edited file
- Read #How to refresh GNOME panel
- To browse files/folders as root user in Nautilus
- Applications -> System Tools -> File Browser (Root)
[edit]
How to change default file type "Open with" program
- Read #General Notes
Right click on file -> Properties
Open With Tab -> AddSelect "Open with" program
Select "Open with" program (Checked)
[edit]
How to change preferred email client to Mozilla Thunderbird
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to install Email Client (Mozilla Thunderbird)
- System -> Preferences -> Preferred Applications
- Preferred Applications
Mail Reader Tab -> Default Mail Reader -> Command: mozilla-thunderbird %s
[edit]
How to open files as root user via right click
- Read #General Notes
gedit $HOME/.gnome2/nautilus-scripts/Open/ as/ root
- Insert the following lines into the new file
for uri in $NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_SELECTED_URIS; dogksudo "gnome-open $uri" &done
- Save the edited file
chmod +x $HOME/.gnome2/nautilus-scripts/Open/ as/ root
Right click on file -> Scripts -> Open as root
[edit]
How to disable beep sound in Terminal mode
Not for Dapper---- firingstone
- Read #General Notes
- Applications -> Accessories -> Terminal
- Terminal
Edit Menu -> Current Profile...
General Tab -> General -> Terminal bell (Un-Checked)
[edit]
How to load Web site faster in Mozilla Firefox
- Read #General Notes
- Applications -> Internet -> Firefox Web Browser
- Mozilla Firefox
Address Bar -> about:config
Filter: ->network.dns.disableIPv6 -> truenetwork.http.pipelining -> truenetwork.http.pipelining.maxrequests -> 8network.http.proxy.pipelining -> true
- Restart Mozilla Firefox
[edit]
How to disable beep sound for link find function in Mozilla Firefox
- Read #General Notes
- Applications -> Internet -> Firefox Web Browser
- Mozilla Firefox
Address Bar -> about:config
Filter: -> accessibility.typeaheadfind.enablesound -> false
- Restart Mozilla Firefox
[edit]
How to apt-get the easy way (Synaptic)
- Read #General Notes
- System -> Administration -> Synaptic Package Manager
- To enable the extra Universe and Multiverse repositories
- Settings -> Repositories
- In the Installation Media tab, click Add. There are three separate repositories; Dapper Drake, Security Updates and Updates. Select each repository and check Officially supported, Restricted copyright, Community maintained (Universe) and Non-free (Multiverse). Ensure you click OK between each repository to save your changes
- You should now see those three repositories under Channels. Make sure Officially supported, Restricted copyright, Community maintained (Universe) and Non-free (Multiverse) appears under each repository
- To add backports and PLF (new versions of many applications. Unsupported. May contain illegal packages. Use at own risk.)
- Settings -> Repositories
- Click on Add and then Custom
- Paste the following four lines into the box and click Add Repository, one line at a time:
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-backports main restricted universe multiversedeb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://packages.freecontrib.org/ubuntu/plf dapper free non-freedeb-src http://packages.freecontrib.org/ubuntu/plf dapper free non-free
- To refresh the list of known packages (equivalent to apt-get update)
Edit Menu -> Reload Package Information
- To install all possible upgrades (equivalent to apt-get upgrade)
Edit Menu -> Mark All Upgrades... -> Default UpgradeEdit Menu -> Apply Marked Changes
- To search for a package (equivalent to apt-cache search package_name)
Edit Menu -> Search... Specify the package name
- To install the selected package (equivalent to apt-get install package_name)
Select "package_name"Package Menu -> Mark for InstallationEdit Menu -> Apply Marked Changes
- To remove installed package (equivalent to apt-get remove package_name)
Select "package_name"Package Menu -> Mark for RemovalEdit Menu -> Apply Marked Changes
[edit]
What packages do the extra repositories provide
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to apt-get the easy way (Synaptic)
- The PLF repository provides
- DVD playback support (libdvdcss2)
- Skype
- Sun Java SDK (Software Development Kit) and JRE (Java Runtime Environment)
- Opera Web browser
- RealPlayer 10
- Win32 binary multimedia codecs
[edit]
How to install/uninstall .deb files
- Read #General Notes
- To install .deb file
sudo dpkg -i package_file.deb
- To uninstall .deb file
sudo dpkg -r package_name
[edit]
How to convert .rpm files to .deb files
- Read #General Notes
sudo alien package_file.rpm
[edit]
How to rename all files in directory at once
- Read #General Notes
- To install "mvb" file name renamer
wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/mvb_1.6.tgzsudo tar zxvf mvb_1.6.tgz -C /usr/share/sudo chown -R root:root /usr/share/mvb_1.6/sudo ln -fs /usr/share/mvb_1.6/mvb /usr/bin/mvb
- To rename all files in directory at once
mvb NEW_NAME
[edit]
How to manipulate all image files in directory at once
- Read #General Notes
- To install bash batch image processing script
- Read #How to add extra repositories
sudo apt-get install imagemagickwget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/bbips.0.3.2.shsudo cp bbips.0.3.2.sh /usr/bin/bbipssudo chmod 755 /usr/bin/bbips
- To manipulate all image files in directory at once
bbips
[edit]
How to set System-wide Environment Variables
- Read #General Notes
sudo cp /etc/bash.bashrc /etc/bash.bashrc_backupsudo gedit /etc/bash.bashrc
- Append the System-wide Environment Variables at the end of file
- Save the edited file
[edit]
How to save "man" outputs into files
- Read #General Notes
man command | col -b > file.txt
[edit]
How to hide GRUB menu on boot-up
- Read #General Notes
sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backupsudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst
- Find this line
...#hiddenmenu...
- Replace with the following line
hiddenmenu
- Save the edited file
[edit]
How to change the timeout seconds for GRUB menu on boot-up
- Read #General Notes
sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backupsudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst
- Find this line
...timeout 3...
- Replace with the following line
timeout X_seconds
- Save the edited file
[edit]
How to change default Operating System boot-up for GRUB menu
- Read #General Notes
sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backupsudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst
- Find this line
...default 0...
- Replace with the following line
default X_sequence
- Save the edited file
[edit]
How to display Splash Image for GRUB menu on boot-up
- Read #General Notes
- e.g. Assumed that hd0,1 is the location of Ubuntu boot partition
wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/ubuntu.xpm.gzchmod 644 ubuntu.xpm.gzsudo mkdir /boot/grub/imagessudo cp ubuntu.xpm.gz /boot/grub/images/sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backupsudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst
- Find this section
# menu.lst - See: grub(8), info grub, update-grub(8)# grub-install(8), grub-floppy(8),# grub-md5-crypt, /usr/share/doc/grub# and /usr/share/doc/grub-doc/....
- Add the following line below it
splashimage (hd0,1)/boot/grub/images/ubuntu.xpm.gz
- Save the edited file
[edit]
How to convert Wallpaper to Splash Image for GRUB menu
- Read #General Notes
- e.g. Assumed that wallpaper.png is the Wallpaper to be converted to Splash Image
- splashimage.xpm.gz is the Splash Image for GRUB menu
convert -resize 640x480 -colors 14 wallpaper.png splashimage.xpm && gzip splashimage.xpm
- Read #How to display Splash Image for GRUB menu on boot-up (use splashimage.xpm.gz instead of ubuntu.xpm.gz)
[edit]
How to temporary skip boot-up services
- Read #General Notes
Press 'Ctrl + C'
[edit]
How to permanently disable/enable boot-up services
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to install Boot-Up Manager (BUM)
[edit]
How to clean /tmp/ folder contents on shutdown
- Read #General Notes
sudo cp /etc/init.d/sysklogd /etc/init.d/sysklogd_backupsudo gedit /etc/init.d/sysklogd
- Find this section
... stop) log_begin_msg "Stopping system log daemon..." start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --oknodo --exec $binpath --pidfile $pidfile log_end_msg $?...
- Add the following line below it
rm -fr /tmp/* /tmp/.??*
- Save the edited file
[edit]
How to scroll up and down to view previous outputs in Console mode
- Read #General Notes
- To scroll up to view previously outputs
Press 'Shift + Page Up'
- To scroll down to view previously outputs
Press 'Shift + Page Down'
[edit]
How to find out which version of Ubuntu I am using
cat /etc/issue
[edit]
How to set up automatic background change (GNOME)
- Read #General Notes
mkdir ~/.backgroundscd ~/.backgroundswget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/change_background.pychmod +x change_background.py
- To change desktop background every time you reboot your computer
export EDITOR=gedit && crontab -e
- Add the following line at the end of file
@reboot ~/.backgrounds/change_background.py
- For more information about periodic processes see
man 5 crontab
- ~/.backgrounds is hidden directory, see #How to show all hidden files/folders in Nautilus
- Copy images you wish to see on your background to ~/.backgrounds directory
[edit]
How to set up automatic background change (KDE)
- Read #General Notes
- Go to K-menu -> System Settings -> Desktop -> Background
- Choose Slide Show
- Press Setup...
- Press Add... to add pictures you wish to see as desktop background
- Set 'Change picture after' to desired picture rotation interval.
- Press 'OK'
[edit]
How to add keyboard layouts for other languages
- Read #General Notes
- Go to System -> Preferences -> Keyboard
- Choose Layouts
- Press Add... to add the secondary keyboard layout. It is simpler to have two layouts; the maximum is currently four for Xorg.
- Choose Layout Options
- Expand option Group Shift/Lock behaviour
- Choose the key combination that enables you to switch between keyboard layouts. The default is by pressing both Alt keys at the same time. A common alternative is to use Alt+Shift.
- Press Close.
See #How to add the Keyboard (Layout) Indicator applet to add the Keyboard Indicator applet.
[edit]
How to add keyboard layouts toggle for other languages (Xfce)
- use *.lst files on /etc/X11/xkb/rules to select 2nd_laguage_code
setxkbmap -option grp:switch,grp:alt_shift,grp_led:scroll us,2nd_laguage_code
- you can add it to a startup file, which will be set to be executed on startup, with the following lines (remember to 'chmod +x' the file):
#!/bin/tcshsetxkbmap -option grp:switch,grp:alt_shift,grp_led:scroll us,il
[edit]
How to add the Keyboard (Layout) Indicator applet
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add keyboard layouts for other languages
- Right-click on empty space on the top panel so that you see the pop-up menu.
- Click Add to Panel...
- Choose Keyboard Indicator (it is under the Utilities section, at the end)
The Keyboard Indicator applet appears on the panel. The default language should be USA for U.S. English. You can either right-click on this applet for more options or see above on how to configure.
[edit]
How to type extended characters
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add keyboard layouts for other languages
- Read #How to add the Keyboard (Layout) Indicator applet
- Add the keyboard layout US English International (with dead keys)
- Make US English International (with dead keys) the default keyboard layout.
The key marked ['"] is now a dead key. When you press it, nothing happens. However if you press a consonant immediately afterwards, the consonant appears with an accent.
- ' + a = á
- ' + e = é
- and so on for i-í, o-ó, y-ý, c-ć, z-ź, n-ń, l-ĺ, u-ú, r-ŕ
- " + a = ä
- " + e = ë
- and so on for y-ÿ, u-ü, i-ï, o-ö
Similarly, ` and a consonant generates à, è, ù, ì, ò. Similarly, ~ and a consonant generates ã, ũ, ĩ, õ, ñ.
To type ' and ", press RightAlt+' and RightAlt+" respectively. To type ' and ", you may also press '+<space> and "+<space> respectively.
There are more characters available by keeping RightAlt pressed and typing a character. Therefore,
- RightAlt+q = ä
- RightAlt+w = å
- RightAlt+e = é
- RightAlt+r = ®
- RightAlt+t = þ
- RightAlt+y = ü
- RightAlt+u = ú
- RightAlt+i = í
- RightAlt+o = ó
- RightAlt+p = ö
- RightAlt+[ and ] for « and » respectively.
- RightAlt+a = á
- RightAlt+s = ß
- RightAlt+d = ð
- RightAlt+l = ø
- RightAlt+; = ¶
- RightAlt+: = °
- RightAlt+z = æ
- RightAlt+c = ©
- RightAlt+n = ñ
- RightAlt+m = µ
- RightAlt+, = ç
- RightAlt+/ = ¿
- RightAlt+1 = ¡
- RightAlt+2 = ²
- RightAlt+3 = ³
- RightAlt+4 = ¤
- RightAlt+5 = €
- RightAlt+6 = ¼
- RightAlt+7 = ½
- RightAlt+8 = ¾
- RightAlt+9 = ‘
- RightAlt+0 = ’
- RightAlt+- = ¥
- RightAlt+= = ×
- RightAlt+! = ¹
- RightAlt+@, then o = ő (and Ő).
- RightAlt+#, then a = ā (and Ā). Similarly for ēĒ, ūŪ, īĪ, ōŌ.
- RightAlt+$ = £
- RightAlt+% =
- RightAlt+^ =
- RightAlt+& =
- RightAlt+*, then a = ą (and Ą). Similarly for ęĘ, įĮ.
- RightAlt+(, then a = ă (and Ă)
- RightAlt+(, then g = ğ (and Ğ)
- RightAlt+), then a = å (and Å)
- RightAlt+_ =
- RightAlt++ = ÷
[edit]
How to set the Compose key to type special characters
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add keyboard layouts for other languages
- Read #How to add the Keyboard (Layout) Indicator applet
- Click System, Preferences, Keyboard.
- Under Layout Options, expand on Compose key position.
- Choose Right-Win key is compose, click Close.
Now you can type extended characters using the RightWin key (next to AltGr), according to this keyboard settings file. Specifically, the lines that start with GDK_Multi_key are those that we can use here. The Compose key is actually GDK_Multi_key.
Some examples,
- RightWin + C + = produces €
- RightWin + = + C produces €
- RightWin + C + O produces ©
- RightWin + O + C produces ©
- RightWin + a + ' produces á
- RightWin + a + " produces ä
- RightWin + a + ` produces à
- RightWin + a + ~ produces ã
- RightWin + a + * produces å
- RightWin + a + ^ produces â
- RightWin + a + > produces â
- RightWin + a + , produces ą
- RightWin + e + - produces ē
- RightWin + S + 1 produces ¹
- RightWin + S + 2 produces ²
- RightWin + S + 3 produces ³
[edit]
Servers
[edit]
AntiVirus Server
[edit]
How to install ClamAV AntiVirus Server
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
sudo apt-get install clamav
[edit]
How to manually update virus databases
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to install ClamAV AntiVirus Server
sudo freshclam
[edit]
How to manually scan files/folders for viruses
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to install ClamAV AntiVirus Server
sudo clamscan -r /location_of_files_or_folders
[edit]
How to automatically scan files/folders for viruses
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to install ClamAV AntiVirus Server
- e.g. Automatically scan files/folders for viruses at midnight everyday
- * * * * * means minute hour date month year
export EDITOR=gedit && sudo crontab -e
- Append the following line at the end of file
00 00 * * * sudo clamscan -r /location_of_files_or_folders
- Save the edited file
[edit]
Print Server (cupsd)
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
[edit]
How to install cupsd
- Cupsd should be automatically installed during standard instaltion. Checkout if there is a file "/etc/init.d/cupsys". If you want to manually install it, do
sudo apt-get install cupsys*
[edit]
How to add a printer
- In gnome click on "System/Administration/Printing. And choose "Add printer". A "add printer wizard" should start and tell you what to do.
[edit]
How to print on remote Ubuntu machine from another Ubuntu machine
- Make sure your local printer is well configured.
- Server ip address: 192.168.0.1
- Client ip address: 192.168.0.23
-
- Server configuration
sudo cp /etc/cups/cupsd.conf /etc/cups/cupsd.conf.backup sudo gedit /etc/cups/cupsd.conf
- find the block
<Location /> ... Allow localhost ...</Location>
- and add the following line into it.
Allow 192.168.0.23
- Restart cups.
sudo /etc/init.d/cupsys restart
-
- Client configuration
sudo cp /etc/cups/client.conf /etc/cups/client.conf.backup sudo gedit /etc/cups/client.conf
- And add the following line into it.
ServerName 192.168.0.1
- Restart cups.
sudo /etc/init.d/cupsys restart
- Now try "lpq" and you should see something like
vitek@lightfox:~$ lpq HPLJ6P is ready no entries
[edit]
How to print on remote Ubuntu machine from a Windows machine
- Read #How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service
- Read #How to print on remote Ubuntu machine via samba
[edit]
Samba Server
[edit]
How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
sudo apt-get install sambasudo apt-get install smbfs
[edit]
How to add/edit/delete network users
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service
- To add network user
- Read #How to add/edit/delete system users
sudo smbpasswd -a system_usernamesudo gedit /etc/samba/smbusers
-
- Insert the following line into the new file
system_username = "network username"
-
- Save the edited file
- To edit network user
sudo smbpasswd -a system_username
- To delete network user
sudo smbpasswd -x system_username
[edit]
How to share home folders with read only permission (Authentication=Yes)
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service
sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backupsudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf
- Find this line
...; security = user...
- Replace with the following lines
security = user username map = /etc/samba/smbusers
- Save the edited file
- Read #How to add/edit/delete network users
sudo testparmsudo /etc/init.d/samba restart
[edit]
How to share home folders with read/write permissions (Authentication=Yes)
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service
sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backupsudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf
- Find this line
...; security = user...
- Replace with the following lines
security = user username map = /etc/samba/smbusers
- Find this section
...# By default, the home directories are exported read-only. Change next# parameter to 'yes' if you want to be able to write to them. writable = no...
- Replace with the following lines
# By default, the home directories are exported read-only. Change next# parameter to 'yes' if you want to be able to write to them. writable = yes
- Save the edited file
- Read #How to add/edit/delete network users
sudo testparmsudo /etc/init.d/samba restart
[edit]
How to share group folders with read only permission (Authentication=Yes)
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service
sudo mkdir /home/groupsudo chmod 777 /home/group/sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backupsudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf
- Find this line
...; security = user...
- Replace with the following lines
security = user username map = /etc/samba/smbusers
- Append the following lines at the end of file
[Group] comment = Group Folder path = /home/group public = yes writable = no valid users = system_username1 system_username2 create mask = 0700 directory mask = 0700 force user = nobody force group = nogroup
- Save the edited file
- Read #How to add/edit/delete network users
sudo testparmsudo /etc/init.d/samba restart
[edit]
How to share group folders with read/write permissions (Authentication=Yes)
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service
sudo mkdir /home/groupsudo chmod 777 /home/group/sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backupsudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf
- Find this line
...; security = user...
- Replace with the following lines
security = user username map = /etc/samba/smbusers
- Append the following lines at the end of file
[Group] comment = Group Folder path = /home/group public = yes writable = yes valid users = system_username1 system_username2 create mask = 0700 directory mask = 0700 force user = nobody force group = nogroup
- Save the edited file
- Read #How to add/edit/delete network users
sudo testparmsudo /etc/init.d/samba restart
[edit]
How to share public folders with read only permission (Authentication=Yes)
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service
sudo mkdir /home/publicsudo chmod 777 /home/public/sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backupsudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf
- Find this line
...; security = user...
- Replace with the following lines
security = user username map = /etc/samba/smbusers
- Append the following lines at the end of file
[public] comment = Public Folder path = /home/public public = yes writable = no create mask = 0777 directory mask = 0777 force user = nobody force group = nogroup
- Save the edited file
- Read #How to add/edit/delete network users
sudo testparmsudo /etc/init.d/samba restart
[edit]
How to share public folders with read/write permissions (Authentication=Yes)
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service
sudo mkdir /home/publicsudo chmod 777 /home/public/sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backupsudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf
- Find this line
...; security = user...
- Replace with the following lines
security = user username map = /etc/samba/smbusers
- Append the following lines at the end of file
[public] comment = Public Folder path = /home/public public = yes writable = yes create mask = 0777 directory mask = 0777 force user = nobody force group = nogroup
- Save the edited file
- Read #How to add/edit/delete network users
sudo testparmsudo /etc/init.d/samba restart
[edit]
How to share public folders with read only permission (Authentication=No)
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service
sudo mkdir /home/publicsudo chmod 777 /home/public/sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backupsudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf
- Find this line
...; security = user...
- Replace with the following line
security = share
- Append the following lines at the end of file
[public] comment = Public Folder path = /home/public public = yes writable = no create mask = 0777 directory mask = 0777 force user = nobody force group = nogroup
- Save the edited file
sudo testparmsudo /etc/init.d/samba restart
[edit]
How to share public folders with read/write permissions (Authentication=No)
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service
sudo mkdir /home/publicsudo chmod 777 /home/public/sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backupsudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf
- Find this line
...; security = user...
- Replace with the following line
security = share
- Append the following lines at the end of file
[public] comment = Public Folder path = /home/public public = yes writable = yes create mask = 0777 directory mask = 0777 force user = nobody force group = nogroup
- Save the edited file
sudo testparmsudo /etc/init.d/samba restart
[edit]
How to print on remote Ubuntu machine via samba
- Read #Print Server (cupsd)
- Make sure your Ubuntu printers are configured properly.
sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf.backup gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf
- Find the following lines
... # printing = cups # printcap name = cups ...
- and uncomment them.
printing = cups printcap name = cups
- Restart cups server
sudo /etc/init.d/cupsys restart
- Now printers working on your Ubuntu machine should be acessible via samba.
[edit]
SSH Server
[edit]
How to install SSH Server for remote administration service
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
sudo apt-get install ssh
[edit]
How to SSH into remote Ubuntu machine
- Read #General Notes
- e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have installed SSH Server service
- Read #How to install SSH Server for remote administration service
- Remote Ubuntu machine: 192.168.0.1
ssh username@192.168.0.1
[edit]
How to copy files/folders from remote Ubuntu machine into local machine (scp)
- Read #General Notes
- e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have installed SSH Server service
- Read #How to install SSH Server for remote administration service
- Remote Ubuntu machine: 192.168.0.1
- Remote files/folders location: /home/username/remotefile.txt
- Local machine save location: . (current directory)
scp -r username@192.168.0.1:/home/username/remotefile.txt .
[edit]
How to copy files/folders from local machine into remote Ubuntu machine (scp)
- Read #General Notes
- e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have installed SSH Server service
- Read #How to install SSH Server for remote administration service
- Local files/folders location: localfile.txt
- Remote Ubuntu machine: 192.168.0.1
- Remote Ubuntu machine save location: /home/username/
scp -r localfile.txt username@192.168.0.1:/home/username/
[edit]
How to copy files/folders from remote Ubuntu machine into local machine (rsync)
- Read #General Notes
- e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have installed SSH Server service
- Read #How to install SSH Server for remote administration service
- Remote Ubuntu machine: 192.168.0.1
- Remote files/folders location: /home/username/remotefile.txt
- Local machine save location: . (current directory)
rsync -v -u -a --delete --rsh=ssh --stats username@192.168.0.1:/home/username/remotefile.txt .
[edit]
How to copy files/folders from local machine into remote Ubuntu machine (rsync)
- Read #General Notes
- e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have installed SSH Server service
- Read #How to install SSH Server for remote administration service
- Local files/folders location: localfile.txt
- Remote Ubuntu machine: 192.168.0.1
- Remote Ubuntu machine save location: /home/username/
rsync -v -u -a --delete --rsh=ssh --stats localfile.txt username@192.168.0.1:/home/username/
[edit]
How to mount remote folders into local Ubuntu machine (sshfs)
- Read #General Notes
- e.g. Assumed that remote machine has installed SSH Server service
- Read #How to install SSH Server for remote administration service
- Remote machine: 192.168.0.1
- Remote machine folder location: /media/music
- Install sshfs
sudo apt-get install sshfs
- Load kernel driver for sshfs
sudo modprobe fuse
- For permanent use add 'fuse' at the end of /etc/modules
sudo gedit /etc/modules
- Join the 'fuse' user group
sudo adduser your_user_name fuse
- Create local mountpoint in your home directory
mkdir ~/remote_music
- Mount the remote folder into ~/remote_music
sshfs 192.168.0.1:/meida/music ~/remote_music
[edit]
How to SSH into remote Ubuntu machine via Windows machine
- Read #General Notes
- e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have installed SSH Server service
- Read #How to install SSH Server for remote administration service
- Download PuTTY: Here
[edit]
How to copy files/folders from/into remote Ubuntu machine via Windows machine
- Read #General Notes
- e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have installed SSH Server service
- Read #How to install SSH Server for remote administration service
- Download FileZilla: Here
[edit]
How to limit the user accounts that can connect through ssh remotely
- Read #General Notes
- e.g. If you enable the SSH server, then any user with a valid account can connect remotely
- This can lead to security risks, as there exist remote password cracking tools that
- try common username/password pairs.
- Keep a backup of the ssh server configuration file with
sudo cp /etc/ssh/sshd_config /etc/ssh/sshd_config.ORIGINAL
- Edit the configuration file
sudo gedit /etc/ssh/sshd_config
- Change the parameter PermitRootLogin from yes to no. The superuser must not be able to connect directly from remote.
- Add the parameter AllowUsers and specify the usernames (space separated) that can connect remotely.
- You can also use DenyUsers for fine-grained selection of users.
- If you enable the openssh server and you have no intention for now to enable remote connections, you may add AllowUsers nosuchuserhere to disable anyone connecting.
[edit]
DHCP Server
[edit]
How to install DHCP Server for automatic IP addresses assignment
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
- e.g. Assumed that "eth0" is the interface for network card
- IP Address Range: 192.168.0.100 to 192.168.0.200
- Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
- DNS Servers: 202.188.0.133, 202.188.1.5
- Domains: tm.net.my
- Gateway Address: 192.168.0.1
sudo apt-get install dhcp3-serversudo cp /etc/default/dhcp3-server /etc/default/dhcp3-server_backupsudo gedit /etc/default/dhcp3-server
- Find this line
...INTERFACES=""
- Replace with the following line
INTERFACES="eth0"
- Save the edited file
sudo cp /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf_backupsudo gedit /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf
- Find this section
...# option definitions common to all supported networks...option domain-name "example.org";option domain-name-servers ns1.example.org, ns2.example.org;
default-lease-time 600;max-lease-time 7200;...
- Replace with the following lines
# option definitions common to all supported networks...#option domain-name "example.org";#option domain-name-servers ns1.example.org, ns2.example.org;
#default-lease-time 600;#max-lease-time 7200;
- Find this section
...# A slightly different configuration for an internal subnet.#subnet 10.5.5.0 netmask 255.255.255.224 {# range 10.5.5.26 10.5.5.30;# option domain-name-servers ns1.internal.example.org;# option domain-name "internal.example.org";# option routers 10.5.5.1;# option broadcast-address 10.5.5.31;# default-lease-time 600;# max-lease-time 7200;#}...- Replace with the following lines
# A slightly different configuration for an internal subnet.subnet 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { range 192.168.0.100 192.168.0.200; option domain-name-servers 202.188.0.133, 202.188.1.5; option domain-name "tm.net.my"; option routers 192.168.0.1; option broadcast-address 192.168.0.255; default-lease-time 600; max-lease-time 7200;}- Save the edited file
sudo /etc/init.d/dhcp3-server restart
[edit]
Database Server
[edit]
How to install MYSQL Database Server
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
sudo apt-get install mysql-server
- MySQL initially only allows connections from the localhost (127.0.0.1). We'll need to remove that restriction if you wish to make it accessible to everyone on the internet. Open the file /etc/mysql/my.cnf
sudo gedit /etc/mysql/my.cnf
- Find the line bind-address = 127.0.0.1 and comment it out
...#bind-address = 127.0.0.1...
- MySQL comes with no root password as default. This is a huge security risk. You'll need to set one. So that the local computer gets root access as well, you'll need to set a password for that too. The local-machine-name is the name of the computer you're working on. For more information see here
mysqladmin -u root password your-new-passwordmysqladmin -h root@local-machine-name -u root password your-new-passwordsudo /etc/init.d/mysql restart
[edit]
How to install MYSQL Administrator
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
- Read #How to install MYSQL Database Server
sudo apt-get install mysql-admin
- Read #How to refresh GNOME panel
- Applications -> System Tools -> MySQL Administrator
[edit]
Apache HTTP Server
[edit]
How to install Apache HTTP Server for HTTP (Web) Server service
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
sudo apt-get install apache2
- http://localhost
[edit]
How to install PHP for Apache HTTP Server
[edit]
How to install PHP4
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
- Read #How to install Apache HTTP Server for HTTP (Web) Server service
sudo apt-get install php4sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
- To test if php4 installed correctly
sudo gedit /var/www/testphp.php
- Insert the following line into the new file
<?php phpinfo(); ?>
- Save the edited file
- http://localhost/testphp.php
- Be sure to remove the file afterwards, as it may pose a security risk
[edit]
How to install PHP5
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
- Read #How to install Apache HTTP Server for HTTP (Web) Server service
sudo apt-get install php5sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
- To test if php5 installed correctly
sudo gedit /var/www/testphp.php
- Insert the following line into the new file
<?php phpinfo(); ?>
- Save the edited file
- http://localhost/testphp.php
- Be sure to remove the file afterwards, as it may pose a security risk
[edit]
How to install MYSQL for Apache HTTP Server
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
- Read #How to install Apache HTTP Server for HTTP (Web) Server service
- Read #How to install PHP for Apache HTTP Server
- Read #How to install MYSQL Database Server
sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-auth-mysql
- Select either php4-mysql or php5-mysql depending on which version of PHP you installed
sudo apt-get install php<version-number>-mysqlsudo apt-get install phpmyadmin
- To get PHP to work with MySQL, open the file (where <version> is either 4 or 5 depending on which PHP you installed)
sudo gedit /etc/php<version>/apache2/php.ini
- You'll need to uncomment the ";extension=mysql.so" line so that it looks like this
...extension=mysql.so...
- Save the file then exit
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
[edit]
How to map URLs to folders outside /var/www/
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to install Apache HTTP Server for HTTP (Web) Server service
sudo gedit /etc/apache2/conf.d/alias
- Insert the following lines into the new file
Alias /URL-path /location_of_folder/
<Directory /location_of_folder/> Options Indexes FollowSymLinks AllowOverride All Order allow,deny Allow from all</Directory>
- Save the edited file
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
- http://localhost/URL-path
[edit]
How to change the default port number for Apache HTTP Server
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to install Apache HTTP Server for HTTP (Web) Server service
- e.g. Assumed that new port number is 78
sudo cp /etc/apache2/ports.conf /etc/apache2/ports.conf_backupsudo gedit /etc/apache2/ports.conf
- Find this line
Listen 80
- Replace with the following line
Listen 78
- Save the edited file
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
- http://localhost:78
[edit]
How to parse RSS into PHP for Apache HTTP Server
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to install Apache HTTP Server for HTTP (Web) Server service
- Read #How to install PHP for Apache HTTP Server
- e.g. Assumed that RSS is DistroWatch.com - News
wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/magpierss-0.71.1.tar.gzsudo mkdir /var/www/feedssudo tar zxvf magpierss-0.71.1.tar.gz -C /var/www/feeds/sudo mv /var/www/feeds/magpierss-0.71.1/* /var/www/feeds/sudo rm -fr /var/www/feeds/magpierss-0.71.1/sudo chown -R www-data:root /var/www/feeds/sudo gedit /var/www/feeds/index.php
- Insert the following lines into the new file
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"> <head> <title>DistroWatch.com - News</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"/> <style type="text/css"> /*<![CDATA[*/ /* DEFAULT TAG STYLES */ body { background: #ffffff; margin-left: 20px; font-family: bitstream vera sans,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; } h1 { font-family: luxi sans,sans-serif; font-size: 15pt; } /*]]>*/ </style> </head> <body> <?php require_once 'rss_fetch.inc'; error_reporting(E_ERROR); $url = 'http://distrowatch.com/news/dw.xml'; $rss = fetch_rss($url); if ($rss) { echo "<h1>"; echo "<a href=$url>", $rss->channel[title], "</a><br/>"; echo "</h1>"; foreach ($rss->items as $item ) { $url = $item[link]; $title = $item[title]; $description = $item[description]; echo "<li>"; echo "<b>Topic:</b> <a href=$url><b><u>$title</u></b></a><br/><br/>"; echo "$description<br/><br/>"; echo "</li>"; } } else { echo "<a href=$url>", $url, "</a> - Server Down!<br/>"; } ?> </body> </html> - Save the edited file
- http://localhost/feeds/index.php
[edit]
FTP Server
[edit]
How to install FTP Server for File Transfer service
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
sudo apt-get install proftpd
[edit]
How to configure FTP user to be "jailed" (chrooted) into their home directory
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to install FTP Server for File Transfer service
sudo cp /etc/proftpd.conf /etc/proftpd.conf_backupsudo gedit /etc/proftpd.conf
- Find this section
...DenyFilter /*.*/...
- Add the following line below it
DefaultRoot ~
- Save the edited file
sudo /etc/init.d/proftpd restart
[edit]
How to configure FTP Server to allow anonymous FTP user to read only
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to install FTP Server for File Transfer service
sudo cp /etc/proftpd.conf /etc/proftpd.conf_backupsudo gedit /etc/proftpd.conf
- Append the following lines at the end of file
<Anonymous ~ftp> User ftp Group nogroup UserAlias anonymous ftp DirFakeUser on ftp DirFakeGroup on ftp RequireValidShell off MaxClients 10 DisplayLogin welcome.msg DisplayFirstChdir .message <Directory *> <Limit WRITE> DenyAll </Limit> </Directory></Anonymous>
- Save the edited file
sudo /etc/init.d/proftpd restart
[edit]
How to configure FTP Server to allow anonymous FTP user to read/write
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to install FTP Server for File Transfer service
sudo cp /etc/proftpd.conf /etc/proftpd.conf_backupsudo gedit /etc/proftpd.conf
- Append the following lines at the end of file
<Anonymous ~ftp> User ftp Group nogroup UserAlias anonymous ftp DirFakeUser on ftp DirFakeGroup on ftp RequireValidShell off MaxClients 10 DisplayLogin welcome.msg DisplayFirstChdir .message</Anonymous>
- Save the edited file
sudo /etc/init.d/proftpd restart
[edit]
How to map anonymous FTP user to folders outside /home/ftp/
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to install FTP Server for File Transfer service
sudo cp /etc/proftpd.conf /etc/proftpd.conf_backupsudo gedit /etc/proftpd.conf
- Append the following lines at the end of file
<Anonymous /location_of_folder/> User ftp Group nogroup UserAlias anonymous ftp DirFakeUser on ftp DirFakeGroup on ftp RequireValidShell off MaxClients 10 DisplayLogin welcome.msg DisplayFirstChdir .message <Directory *> <Limit WRITE> DenyAll </Limit> </Directory></Anonymous>
- Save the edited file
sudo /etc/init.d/proftpd restart
[edit]
How to change the default port number for FTP Server
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to install FTP Server for File Transfer service
- e.g. Assumed that new port number is 77
sudo cp /etc/proftpd.conf /etc/proftpd.conf_backupsudo gedit /etc/proftpd.conf
- Find this line
Port 21
- Replace with the following line
Port 77
- Save the edited file
sudo /etc/init.d/proftpd restart
[edit]
How to ftp into remote Ubuntu machine via Windows machine
- Read #General Notes
- e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have installed FTP Server service
- Read #How to install FTP Server for File Transfer service
- Download FileZilla: Here
[edit]
Streaming Media Server
[edit]
How to install GNUMP3d for Streaming Media Server service
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
- Read #How to install Apache HTTP Server for HTTP (Web) Server service
- e.g. /var/music/ is the directory containing multimedia files
sudo apt-get install gnump3d
- http://localhost:8888
[edit]
How to change the default directory containing multimedia files for GNUMP3d
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to install GNUMP3d for Streaming Media Server service
- e.g. Assumed that new directory containing multimedia files is /home/music/
sudo cp /etc/gnump3d/gnump3d.conf /etc/gnump3d/gnump3d.conf_backupsudo gedit /etc/gnump3d/gnump3d.conf
- Find this line
root = /var/music
- Replace with the following line
root = /home/music
- Find this line
user = gnump3d
- Replace with the following line
user = root
- Save the edited file
sudo /etc/init.d/gnump3d restart
- http://localhost:8888
[edit]
How to change the default port number for GNUMP3d
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to install GNUMP3d for Streaming Media Server service
- e.g. Assumed that new port number is 7878
sudo cp /etc/gnump3d/gnump3d.conf /etc/gnump3d/gnump3d.conf_backupsudo gedit /etc/gnump3d/gnump3d.conf
- Find this line
port = 8888
- Replace with the following line
port = 7878
- Save the edited file
sudo /etc/init.d/gnump3d restart
- http://localhost:7878
[edit]
Image Gallery Server
- For a comparison between Gallery1 and Gallery2 see here
[edit]
Gallery1
[edit]
How to install Gallery1 for Image Gallery Server service
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
- Read #How to install Apache HTTP Server for HTTP (Web) Server service
- Read #How to install PHP for Apache HTTP Server
sudo apt-get install gallery (when prompted to restart Apache, choose No or Cancel)sudo apt-get install imagemagicksudo apt-get install jheadsudo apt-get install libjpeg-progssudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restartsudo sh /usr/share/gallery/configure.sh
- http://localhost/gallery/setup/index.php
- Gallery Configuration
Gallery Configuration Wizard: Step 1Next Step ->
Gallery Configuration Wizard: Step 2General settings Tab ->Admin password: Specify the passwordLocations and URLs Tab ->Album directory: /var/www/albums/Temporary directory: /tmp/Gallery URL: http://localhost/galleryAlbums URL: http://localhost/albumsNext Step -->
Gallery Configuration Wizard: Step 3Next Step -->
Gallery Configuration Wizard: Step 4Save Config ->
- http://localhost/gallery/albums.php
[edit]
How to configure Gallery1 to be accessible via Internet (Hostname or fix IP) or LAN (fix IP)
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to install Gallery for Image Gallery Server service
- e.g. Assumed that network and internet connections have been configured properly
- Internet (Hostname or fix IP) or LAN (fix IP): http://www.url.com
sudo cp /etc/gallery/config.php /etc/gallery/config.php_backupsudo gedit /etc/gallery/config.php
- Find this section
...$gallery->app->photoAlbumURL = "http://localhost/gallery";$gallery->app->albumDirURL = "http://localhost/albums";...
- Replace with the following lines
$gallery->app->photoAlbumURL = "http://www.url.com/gallery";$gallery->app->albumDirURL = "http://www.url.com/albums";
- Save the edited file
- http://www.url.com/gallery/albums.php
[edit]
How to configure Gallery1 to be accessible via LAN (dynamic IP)
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to install Gallery for Image Gallery Server service
- e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly
- LAN (dynamic IP): 192.168.0.1
sudo cp /etc/gallery/config.php /etc/gallery/config.php_backupsudo gedit /etc/gallery/config.php
- Find this section
...$gallery->app->photoAlbumURL = "http://localhost/gallery";$gallery->app->albumDirURL = "http://localhost/albums";...
- Replace with the following lines
$gallery->app->photoAlbumURL = "/gallery";$gallery->app->albumDirURL = "/albums";
- Save the edited file
- http://192.168.0.1/gallery/albums.php
[edit]
How to backup/restore Gallery1 data
- Read #General Notes
- To backup Gallery data
sudo tar zcvf gallery.tgz /var/www/albums/ /etc/gallery/
- To restore Gallery data
sudo tar zxvf gallery.tgz -C /
[edit]
Gallery2
[edit]
How to install Gallery2
[edit]
How to configure Gallery2
[edit]
Troubleshooting
[edit]
Configuring network interfaces... (taking too long to load)
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to temporary skip boot-up services
[edit]
Synchronizing clock to ntp.ubuntulinux.org... (taking too long to load)
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to temporary skip boot-up services
- Read #How to permanently disable/enable boot-up services
service_name = ntpdate
[edit]
How to disable system time/date from being reset to UTC (GMT)
- Read #General Notes
sudo cp /etc/default/rcS /etc/default/rcS_backupsudo gedit /etc/default/rcS
- Find this line
...UTC=yes...
- Replace with the following line
UTC=no
- Save the edited file
- System -> Administration -> Time and Date
Set the correct time/date
sudo /etc/init.d/hwclock.sh restart
[edit]
How to configure sound to work properly in GNOME
- Read #General Notes
- Read #How to add extra repositories
sudo killall esdsudo cp /etc/esound/esd.conf /etc/esound/esd.conf_backupsudo gedit /etc/esound/esd.conf
- Find this section
...auto_spawn=0spawn_options=-terminate -nobeeps -as 5...
- Replace with the following lines
auto_spawn=1spawn_options=-terminate -nobeeps -as 2 -d default
- Save the edited file
sudo apt-get install libesd-alsa0sudo gedit /etc/asound.conf
- Insert the following lines into the new file
pcm.card0 {type hwcard 0}pcm.!default {type plugslave.pcm "dmixer"}pcm.dmixer {type dmixipc_key 1025slave {pcm "hw:0,0"period_time 0period_size 2048buffer_size 32768rate 48000}bindings {0 01 1}}- Save the edited file
sudo ln -fs /usr/lib/libesd.so.0 /usr/lib/libesd.so.1
System -> Preferences -> SoundSound preferences
General Tab -> Sounds for events (Un-Checked)
- Save and close all opened applications, Reboot computer
[edit]
How to forcefully empty Trash in GNOME
- Read #General Notes
sudo rm -fr $HOME/.Trash/
[edit]
How to remove duplicate menu/menu items in GNOME
- Read #General Notes
rm -f $HOME/.config/menus/applications.menu
- Read #How to refresh GNOME panel
[edit]
How to refresh Places menu in GNOME (if mounts to /media/ in /etc/fstab does not show up)
- Read #General Notes
sudo /etc/init.d/dbus-1 restart
[edit]
How to consume static (not dhcp) wireless LAN (WLAN) connection (KDE)
- I assume you have successfully consumed WLAN connection in Windows
- To enable the network device please follow the following steps
- Go to K-menu -> System Settings -> Network Settings
- Enable Administrator mode
- Select Network Interfaces tab and the wireless interface (usually ath0) to configure
- Click Configure Interface...
- Choose Manual or Automatic. Choose Manual
- Fill the preferred IP address to identify your computer and the netmask. Choose to activate when computer starts
- Click Advanced Settings to for more properties
- Select Routes tab and fill the gateway IP address
- Make sure you choose the correct device in the right dropdown (e.g. ath0)
- Click apply to commit all changes
- To choose wireless connection please follow the following steps
- Go to K-menu -> Internet -> Wireless Assistant
- Right click on preferred connection ssid
- Choose and complete fields for Manual connection
- Click Ok
- Create connection configuration
sudo gedit /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf
- Insert the following lines into the new file
network={ssid="YOUR_PREFERRED_CONNECTION_SSID"scan_ssid=1proto=WPAkey_mgmt=WPA-PSKpsk="STRING_TO_GENERATE_PASSWORD"#psk=123456789 #you have option to use connection key instead of connection password}- Save the edited file
- Create script to easily activate connection
sudo gedit /etc/init.d/wifi_wpa.sh
- Insert the following lines into the new file
#! /bin/sh# wifi: wpa_supplicant initecho " * [Wifi]: Enabling WPA supplicant..."if [ -x /sbin/wpa_supplicant ]; then/sbin/wpa_supplicant -B -i ath0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf -D madwifi -wfiexit 0
- Save the edited file
- Make sure both file readable and executable
sudo chmod +r /etc/wpa_supplicant.confsudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/wifi_wpa.sh
- make wireless connection automaticaly starts when computer starts
sudo ln -s /etc/init.d/wifi_wpa.sh /etc/rcS.d/S40netwifiwpa
- Close all opened applications, Reboot computer
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