ListViewItem的类型

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  1. ListView 针对List中每个item,要求 adapter “给我一个视图” (getView)。
  2. 一个新的视图被返回并显示

如果我们有上亿个项目要显示怎么办?为每个项目创建一个新视图?NO!这不可能!

实际上Android为你缓存了视图。

Android中有个叫做Recycler的构件,下图是他的工作原理:

  1. 如果你有10亿个项目(item),其中只有可见的项目存在内存中,其他的在Recycler中。
  2. ListView先请求一个type1视图(getView)然后请求其他可见的项目。convertView在getView中是空(null)的。
  3. 当item1滚出屏幕,并且一个新的项目从屏幕低端上来时,ListView再请求一个type1视图。convertView此时不是空值了,它的值是item1。你只需设定新的数据然后返回convertView,不必重新创建一个视图。

请看下面的示例代码,这里在getView中使用了System.out进行输出

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publicclass MultipleItemsList extendsListActivity {
  
    privateMyCustomAdapter mAdapter;
  
    @Override
    publicvoid onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        mAdapter = newMyCustomAdapter();
        for(inti = 0; i < 50; i++) {
            mAdapter.addItem("item " + i);
        }
        setListAdapter(mAdapter);
    }
  
    privateclass MyCustomAdapter extendsBaseAdapter {
  
        privateArrayList mData = newArrayList();
        privateLayoutInflater mInflater;
  
        publicMyCustomAdapter() {
            mInflater = (LayoutInflater)getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
        }
  
        publicvoid addItem(finalString item) {
            mData.add(item);
            notifyDataSetChanged();
        }
  
        @Override
        publicint getCount() {
            returnmData.size();
        }
  
        @Override
        publicString getItem(intposition) {
            returnmData.get(position);
        }
  
        @Override
        publiclong getItemId(intposition) {
            returnposition;
        }
  
        @Override
        publicView getView(intposition, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
            System.out.println("getView " + position + " " + convertView);
            ViewHolder holder = null;
            if(convertView == null) {
                convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item1, null);
                holder = newViewHolder();
                holder.textView = (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.text);
                convertView.setTag(holder);
            }else{
                holder = (ViewHolder)convertView.getTag();
            }
            holder.textView.setText(mData.get(position));
            returnconvertView;
        }
  
    }
  
    publicstatic class ViewHolder {
        publicTextView textView;
    }
}

 

执行程序,然后在Logcat中查看日志

 

getView 被调用 9 次 ,convertView 对于所有的可见项目是空值(如下)

 

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02-0513:47:32.559: INFO/System.out(947): getView 0null
02-0513:47:32.570: INFO/System.out(947): getView 1null
02-0513:47:32.589: INFO/System.out(947): getView 2null
02-0513:47:32.599: INFO/System.out(947): getView 3null
02-0513:47:32.619: INFO/System.out(947): getView 4null
02-0513:47:32.629: INFO/System.out(947): getView 5null
02-0513:47:32.708: INFO/System.out(947): getView 6null
02-0513:47:32.719: INFO/System.out(947): getView 7null
02-0513:47:32.729: INFO/System.out(947): getView 8null

 

然后稍微向下滚动List,直到item10出现:

 

convertView仍然是空值,因为recycler中没有视图(item1的边缘仍然可见,在顶端)

 

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02-0513:48:25.169: INFO/System.out(947): getView 9null

 

再滚动List

 

convertView不是空值了!item1离开屏幕到Recycler中去了,然后item11被创建

 

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02-0513:48:42.879: INFO/System.out(947): getView 10android.widget.LinearLayout@437430f8

 

再滚动:

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02-0514:01:31.069: INFO/System.out(947): getView 11android.widget.LinearLayout@437447d0
02-0514:01:31.142: INFO/System.out(947): getView 12android.widget.LinearLayout@43744ff8
02-0514:01:31.279: INFO/System.out(947): getView 13android.widget.LinearLayout@43743fa8
02-0514:01:31.350: INFO/System.out(947): getView 14android.widget.LinearLayout@43745820
02-0514:01:31.429: INFO/System.out(947): getView 15android.widget.LinearLayout@43746048
02-0514:01:31.550: INFO/System.out(947): getView 16android.widget.LinearLayout@43746870
02-0514:01:31.669: INFO/System.out(947): getView 17android.widget.LinearLayout@43747098
02-0514:01:31.839: INFO/System.out(947): getView 18android.widget.LinearLayout@437478c0
02-0514:03:30.900: INFO/System.out(947): getView 19android.widget.LinearLayout@43748df0
02-0514:03:32.069: INFO/System.out(947): getView 20android.widget.LinearLayout@437430f8

convertView 如我们所期待的非空了,在item11离开屏幕之后,它的视图(@437430f8)作为convertView容纳item21了

不同的项目布局(item layout)

我们再举一个稍微复杂的例子,在上例的list中加入一些分隔线

你需要做这些:

  1. 重(@Override)写 getViewTypeCount() – 返回你有多少个不同的布局
  2. 重写 getItemViewType(int) – 由position返回view type id
  3. 根据view item的类型,在getView中创建正确的convertView

以下是代码:

 

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publicclass MultipleItemsList extendsListActivity {
  
    privateMyCustomAdapter mAdapter;
  
    @Override
    publicvoid onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        mAdapter = newMyCustomAdapter();
        for(inti = 1; i < 50; i++) {
            mAdapter.addItem("item " + i);
            if(i % 4== 0) {
                mAdapter.addSeparatorItem("separator " + i);
            }
        }
        setListAdapter(mAdapter);
    }
  
    privateclass MyCustomAdapter extendsBaseAdapter {
  
        privatestatic final int TYPE_ITEM = 0;
        privatestatic final int TYPE_SEPARATOR = 1;
        privatestatic final int TYPE_MAX_COUNT = TYPE_SEPARATOR + 1;
  
        privateArrayList mData = newArrayList();
        privateLayoutInflater mInflater;
  
        privateTreeSet mSeparatorsSet = newTreeSet();
  
        publicMyCustomAdapter() {
            mInflater = (LayoutInflater)getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
        }
  
        publicvoid addItem(finalString item) {
            mData.add(item);
            notifyDataSetChanged();
        }
  
        publicvoid addSeparatorItem(finalString item) {
            mData.add(item);
            // save separator position
            mSeparatorsSet.add(mData.size() - 1);
            notifyDataSetChanged();
        }
  
        @Override
        publicint getItemViewType(intposition) {
            returnmSeparatorsSet.contains(position) ? TYPE_SEPARATOR : TYPE_ITEM;
        }
  
        @Override
        publicint getViewTypeCount() {
            returnTYPE_MAX_COUNT;
        }
  
        @Override
        publicint getCount() {
            returnmData.size();
        }
  
        @Override
        publicString getItem(intposition) {
            returnmData.get(position);
        }
  
        @Override
        publiclong getItemId(intposition) {
            returnposition;
        }
  
        @Override
        publicView getView(intposition, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
            ViewHolder holder = null;
            inttype = getItemViewType(position);
            System.out.println("getView " + position + " " + convertView + " type = " + type);
            if(convertView == null) {
                holder = newViewHolder();
                switch(type) {
                    caseTYPE_ITEM:
                        convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item1, null);
                        holder.textView = (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.text);
                        break;
                    caseTYPE_SEPARATOR:
                        convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item2, null);
                        holder.textView = (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.textSeparator);
                        break;
                }
                convertView.setTag(holder);
            }else{
                holder = (ViewHolder)convertView.getTag();
            }
            holder.textView.setText(mData.get(position));
            returnconvertView;
        }
  
    }
  
    publicstatic class ViewHolder {
        publicTextView textView;
    }
}

 

运行程序,你会看到每4个item一个分割线

看看日志,无异常,所有的convertView都是空的

 

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02-0515:19:03.080: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 0null type = 0
02-0515:19:03.112: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 1null type = 0
02-0515:19:03.130: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 2null type = 0
02-0515:19:03.141: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 3null type = 0
02-0515:19:03.160: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 4null type = 1
02-0515:19:03.170: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 5null type = 0
02-0515:19:03.180: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 6null type = 0
02-0515:19:03.190: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 7null type = 0
02-0515:19:03.210: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 8null type = 0
02-0515:19:03.210: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 9null type = 1

滚动list:

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02-0515:19:54.160: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 10null type = 0
02-0515:19:57.440: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 11android.widget.LinearLayout@43744528type = 0
02-0515:20:01.310: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 12android.widget.LinearLayout@43744eb0type = 0
02-0515:20:01.880: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 13android.widget.LinearLayout@437456d8type = 0
02-0515:20:02.869: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 14null type = 1
02-0515:20:06.489: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 15android.widget.LinearLayout@43745f00type = 0
02-0515:20:07.749: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 16android.widget.LinearLayout@43747170type = 0
02-0515:20:10.250: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 17android.widget.LinearLayout@43747998type = 0
02-0515:20:11.661: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 18android.widget.LinearLayout@437481c0type = 0
02-0515:20:13.180: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 19android.widget.LinearLayout@437468a0type = 1
02-0515:20:16.900: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 20android.widget.LinearLayout@437489e8type = 0
02-0515:20:25.690: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 21android.widget.LinearLayout@4374a8d8type = 0

convertView对于分割线是空的,直到第一个分割线可见,当其离开屏幕,视图去到Recycler并且convertView开始起作用。

本文翻译自http://android.amberfog.com/?p=296

代码下载:MultipleItemsList.zip – source code

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