Oracle DataGuard 物理Standby 搭建(上)

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物理standby database 环境搭建

Arch asysnc

Oracle Dataguard

host

Oracle_sid

DB_unique_name

FAL_server

FAL_client

primary

192.168.126.136

dgtest

dg_pd

dg_st

dg_pd

standy

192.168.126.128

dgtest

dg_st

dg_pd

dg_st

一． Primary 端的配置

1. 主库设置为force logging 模式

SQL> alter database force logging;

2. 主库设为归档模式

SQL> archive log list;

SQL> shutdown immediate

SQL> startup mount

SQL> alter database archivelog;

SQL> archive log list;

3. 创建备库的密码文件和控制文件

SQL> alter database create standby controlfile as '/u01/control01.ctl';

-- 说明：判断一个数据库是Primary还是Standby，就是通过控制文件来判断的。

[oracle@localhostdbs]$ orapwd file=/u01/orapwDG password=ank88ank

如果已经存在，就不用创建了。缺省情况下，win下口令文件的格式是pwdsid.ora，unix下的格式是orapwSID(大小写敏感）

4. 修改初始化参数文件

*.DB_UNIQUE_NAME='dg_pd'

*.LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(dg_pd,dg_st)'

*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/archive VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=dg_pd'

*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=dg_st ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=dg_st '

*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE

*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE

*.standby_file_management='AUTO'

*.FAL_SERVER='dg_st'

*.FAL_CLIENT='dg_pd'

如果主库和备库的数据文件位置不同，还需要加如下2个参数：

*.log_file_name_convert='/u02/oradata/dgtest/','/u03/oradata/dgtest/'

*.db_file_name_convert='/u02/oradata/dgtest/','/u03/oradata/dgtest/'

-- 注意：orcl_st,orcl_pd 是在tnsnames文件中配置的

用'/u01/pri.ora' 这个pfile 启动数据库，并生成spfile。

SQL> shutdown immediate

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> startup pfile='/u01/pri.ora';

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 167772160 bytes

Fixed Size 1218316 bytes

Variable Size 79694068 bytes

Database Buffers 83886080 bytes

Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

SQL> create spfile from pfile='/u01/pri.ora';

File created.

6. 修改listener.ora 和tnsnames.ora 文件

Listener.ora 文件：

SID_LIST_LISTENER =

(SID_LIST =

(SID_DESC =

(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)

(ORACLE_HOME =/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db)

(PROGRAM = extproc)

)

(SID_DESC =

(GLOBAL_DBNAME = dg)

(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db)

(SID_NAME = dgtest)

)

LISTENER =

(DESCRIPTION_LIST =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST =192.168.32.129)(PORT = 1521))

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))

)

注意：SID_LIST_LISTENER 配置的是静态注册，如果没有该参数，而且Data Guard 启动顺序又不正确，那么在主库可能会报 PING[ARC1]: Heartbeat failed to connect to standby 'orcl_st'. Error is 12514. 错误，导致归档无法完成。

Oracle Listener 动态注册与静态注册

http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/archive/2010/04/30/5543166.aspx

Tnsnames.ora 文件

DG_ST =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.32.128)(PORT = 1521))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVER = DEDICATED)

(SERVICE_NAME = dg)

)

DG_PD =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.32.129)(PORT = 1521))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVER = DEDICATED)

(SERVICE_NAME = dg)

)

二． Standby 端配置

1. 创建备库存放数据文件和后台跟踪目录，这个目录可以和主库相同，如果不同，就需要在主库的初始化文件中进行转换。

如：

*.log_file_name_convert='/u02/oradata/dgtest/','/u03/oradata/orcl/'

*.db_file_name_convert='/u02/oradata/dgtest/','/u03/oradata/orcl/'

--建相目录

mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/oradata/dgtest

mkdir $ORACLE_BASE/admin/dgtest

mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/dgtest/adump

mkdir $ORACLE_BASE/admin/dgtest/bdump

mkdir $ORACLE_BASE/admin/dgtest/cdump

mkdir $ORACLE_BASE/admin/dgtest/dpdump

mkdir $ORACLE_BASE/admin/dgtest/pfile

mkdir $ORACLE_BASE/admin/dgtest/udump

mkdir $ORACLE_BASE/admin/dgtest/

2. 将主库的密码文件，控制文件，数据文件，参数文件，日志文件copy到备库。

说明一点，这个控制文件是我们自己创建的standby 控制文件。将copy过来的控制文件再复制三份就可以了。主备的控制文件是不一样的。这里除了采用直接copy 文件之外，还可以采用Rman 恢复来做。直接copy 需要停数据库，如果采用RMAN 的话，就不需要停机了。

--数据文件,redo文件

scp *.dbf 192.168.32.144:/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dgtest

scp *.log 192.168.32.144:/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dgtest

--密码文件，参数文件

scp pri.ora 192.168.32.144:/u01

scp orapwdgtest 192.168.32.144:/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db/dbs

--listener tnsnames

scp listener.ora 192.168.32.144:/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db/network/admin

scp tnsnames.ora 192.168.32.144:/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db/network/admin

--standby 控制文件

scp *.ctl 192.168.32.144:/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dgtest/

cp control01.ctl control02.ctl

cp control01.ctl control03.ctl

3. 修改初始化参数文件

*.DB_UNIQUE_NAME='dg_st'

*.LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(dg_pd,dg_st)'

*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/archive VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=dg_st'

*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=dg_pd ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=dg_pd'

*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE

*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE

*.standby_file_management='AUTO'

*.FAL_SERVER='dg_pd'

*.FAL_CLIENT='dg_sd'

保存为std.ora

4. 修改listener.ora 和 tnsnames.ora 文件，如果不存在，就从主库上copy 过去。

至此，Data Guard 的操作已经完成，下面来开始验证。

补充：

启动备库

SQL>startup nomount pfile='/u01/std.ora'

SQL>create spfile from pfile='/u01/std.ora'

------------------------------------环境 End-----------------------------------

-----------start------------

--注意Data Guard 启动顺序：

启动顺序：先standby ,后primary;
关闭顺序：先primary 后standby;

在备库将实例启动到mount 状态：

SQL> startup nomount;

SQL>alter database mount standby database ;

SQL>ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE CANCEL;

SQL>alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

在备库启动监听：

$lsnrctl start

在主库启动实例：

SQL> startup;

在主库启动监听：

$lsnrctl start

--------------------DataGuard Acitve OK------------

Now

Primary：open

Standby:mount

--Standby只读模式打开

--停止redo应用

SQL>alter database recover managed standby database cancel

SQL>alter database open;

SQL>select open_mode from v$database;

OPEN_MODE

----------

READ ONLY

--Standby重新回到redo apply状态

SQL>shutdown immediate

SQL>startup nomount

SQL>alter database mount standby database disconnect

SQL>alter database recover managed standby database disconnect

--验证是否传输到了Standby database

--Primary database

SQL>SELECT SEQUENCE#, FIRST_TIME, NEXT_TIME FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG ORDER BY SEQUENCE#;

SQL> SELECT SEQUENCE#, FIRST_TIME, NEXT_TIME FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG ORDER BY SEQUENCE#;

SEQUENCE# FIRST_TIM NEXT_TIME

7 23-FEB-11 23-FEB-11

8 23-FEB-11 23-FEB-11

9 23-FEB-11 23-FEB-11

9 23-FEB-11 23-FEB-11

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

System altered.

--Standby database

SQL>SELECT SEQUENCE#, FIRST_TIME, NEXT_TIME FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG ORDER BY SEQUENCE#;

SEQUENCE# FIRST_TIM NEXT_TIME

---------- --------- ---------

7 23-FEB-11 23-FEB-11

8 23-FEB-11 23-FEB-11

9 23-FEB-11 23-FEB-11

10 23-FEB-11 23-FEB-11

--验证Standby redo 是否应用

SQL>SELECT SEQUENCE#,APPLIED FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG ORDER BY SEQUENCE#;

SEQUENCE# APP

---------- ---

3 YES

4 YES

5 YES

6 YES

7 YES

8 YES

9 YES

10 YES

8 rows selected.

--如果出错

在主库验证归档目录是否有效：

SQL> SELECT STATUS,DESTINATION, ERROR FROM V$ARCHIVE_DEST;

如果有错误，要排查原因。

SQL> SELECT STATUS ,ERROR FROM V$ARCHIVE_DEST;

STATUS ERROR

--------- -----------------------------------------------------------------

VALID

INACTIVE

注意：如果在主库执行 alter database clear unarchived logfile或alter database open resetlogs ,　则dataguard要重建。

补充：

--监控日志应用服务

SQL>select database_role,db_unique_name,open_mode,protection_mode,protection_level,switchover_status from v$database;

--设置新的数据保护模式并重启数据库

当保护模式更改顺序：

maximize protection ---> maximize availability ----> maximize performance

当在把dataguard的保护级别按这上面的顺序减低的时候，不需要primary库在mount状态，否则primary 必须在mount 状态。

如：
SQL> alter database set standby database to maximize availability;

alter database set standby database to maximize availability

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01126: database must be mounted in this instance and not open in any

instance

SQL> shutdown immediate

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> startup mount;

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 167772160 bytes

Fixed Size 1218316 bytes

Variable Size 79694068 bytes

Database Buffers 83886080 bytes

Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes

Database mounted.

SQL> alter database set standby database to maximize availability;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database open;

alter database open

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-03113: end-of-file on communication channel

报错了，这是因为最大可用性需要先修改日志传送方式为lgwr同步方式，否则，数据库是无法open.

SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_2='service=orcl_st lgwr sync AFFIRM';

System altered.

SQL> shutdown immediate

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> startup mount;

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 167772160 bytes

Fixed Size 1218316 bytes

Variable Size 79694068 bytes

Database Buffers 83886080 bytes

Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes

Database mounted.

SQL> alter database set standby database to maximize availability;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

SQL> select protection_mode,protection_level from v$database;

PROTECTION_MODE PROTECTION_LEVEL

-------------------- --------------------

MAXIMUM AVAILABILITY MAXIMUM AVAILABILITY

alter database set standby database to maximize performance;

提示：maximize后可跟{PROTECTION | AVAILABILITY | PERFORMANCE}，分别对应最大保护，最高可用性及最高性能。

在最大保护模式下，直接关闭备库是不行的，如果在备库上关闭数据库，会有如下提示：
SQL> shutdown immediate
ORA-01154: database busy. Open, close, mount, and dismount not allowed now
SQL>
在最大保护模式下，备库是不允许关闭的，此时首先关闭主库，然后备库就可以顺利关闭了

注意：主库的保护模式修改之后，备库的模式也会改变，和主库保持一致。

3. 查看日志归档情况

主库进行日志切换:

SQL>Alter system switch logfile;

select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log;

select max(sequence#) from v$log_history;

select group#,sequence#,archived,status from v$log;

select name,sequence#,applied from v$archived_log;

select sequence#,applied from v$archived_log;

若不同步，

1>看log日志， archive是否有丢失

2>可以在备库坐如下操作：

--停止redo apply

alter database recover managed standby database cancel;

--开始redo apply

alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;