APUE函数笔记十: 线程控制
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第十二章 线程控制:
#include <pthread.h>int pthread_attr_init(pthread_attr_t * attr); if success return 0, else return error-no, will not modify errnoint pthread_attr_destroy(pthread_attr_t * attr); if success return 0, else return error-no, will not modify errno#include <pthread.h>int pthread_attr_getdetachstate(const pthread_attr_t * restrict attr, int * detachstate); if success return 0, else return error-no, will not modify errnoint pthread_attr_setdetachstate(pthread_attr_t * attr, int detachstate); if success return 0, else return error-no, will not modify errno detachstate: PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED PTHREAD_CREATE_JOINABLE#include <pthread.h>int pthread_attr_getstack(const pthread_attr_t * restrict attr, void ** restrict stackaddr, size_t * restrict stacksize); if success return 0, else return error-no, will not modify errnoint pthread_attr_setstack(pthread_attr_t * attr, void * stackaddr, size_t stacksize); if success return 0, else return error-no, will not modify errno#include <pthread.h>int pthread_attr_getstacksize(const pthread_attr_t * restrict attr, size_t * restrict stacksize); if success return 0, else return error-no, will not modify errnoint pthread_attr_setstacksize(pthread_attr_t * attr, size_t stacksize); if success return 0, else return error-no, will not modify errno#include <pthread.h>int pthread_attr_getguardsize(const pthread_attr_t * restrict attr, size_t * restrict guardsize); if success return 0, else return error-no, will not modify errnoint pthread_attr_setguardsize(pthread_attr_t * attr, size_t guardsize); if success return 0, else return error-no, will not modify errno#include <pthread.h>int pthread_getconcurrency(void); return current concurrency, 0 means system defaultint pthread_setconcurrency(int level); if success return 0, else return error-no, will not modify errno1#include <pthread.h>int pthread_mutexattr_init(pthread_mutexattr_t * attr); if success return 0, else return error-no, will not modify errnoint pthread_mutexattr_destroy(pthread_mutexattr_t * attr); if success return 0, else return error-no, will not modify errno#include <pthread.h>int pthread_mutexattr_getpshared(const pthread_mutexattr_t * restrict attr, int * restrict pshared); if success return 0, else return error-no, will not modify errnoint pthread_mutexattr_setpshared(pthread_mutexattr_t * attr, int pshared); if success return 0, else return error-no, will not modify errno pshared: PTHREAD_PROCESS_PRIVATE /* for multi-thread */ PTHREAD_PROCESS_SHARED /* for multi-process */#include <pthread.h>int pthread_mutexattr_gettype(const pthread_mutexattr_t * restrict attr, int * restrict type); if success return 0, else return error-no, will not modify errnoint pthread_mutexattr_settype(pthread_mutexattr_t * attr, int type); if success return 0, else return error-no, will not modify errno type: PTHREAD_MUTEX_NORMAL PTHREAD_MUTEX_ERRORCHECK PTHREAD_MUTEX_RECURSIVE PTHREAD_MUTEX_DEFAULT#include <pthread.h>int pthread_rwlockattr_init(pthread_rwlockattr_t * attr); if success return 0, else return error-no, will not modify errnoint pthread_rwlockattr_destroy(pthread_rwlockattr_t * attr); if success return 0, else return error-no, will not modify errno#include <pthread.h>int pthread_rwlockattr_getpshared(const pthread_rwlockattr_t * restrict attr, int * restrict pshared); if success return 0, else return error-no, will not modify errnoint pthread_rwlockattr_setpshared(pthread_rwlockattr_t * attr, int pshared); if success return 0, else return error-no, will not modify errno pshared: PTHREAD_PROCESS_PRIVATE /* for multi-thread */ PTHREAD_PROCESS_SHARED /* for multi-process */#include <pthread.h>int pthread_condattr_init(pthread_condattr_t * attr); if success return 0, else return error-no, will not modify errnoint pthread_condattr_destroy(pthread_condattr_t * attr); if success return 0, else return error-no, will not modify errno#include <pthread.h>int pthread_condattr_getpshared(const pthread_condattr_t * restrict attr, int * restrict pshared); if success return 0, else return error-no, will not modify errnoint pthread_condattr_setpshared(pthread_condattr_t * attr, int pshared); if success return 0, else return error-no, will not modify errno pshared: PTHREAD_PROCESS_PRIVATE /* for multi-thread */ PTHREAD_PROCESS_SHARED /* for multi-process */#include <stdio.h>int ftrylockfile(FILE * fp); if success return 0, else return non-zerovoid flockfile(FILE * fp);void funlockfile(FILE * fp);#include <stdio.h>int getchar_unlock(void); if error or end-of-file return EOF, if EOF check it with ferror or feofint getc_unlock(FILE * fp); if error or end-of-file return EOF, if EOF check it with ferror or feofint putchar_unlock(int c); if success return c, else return EOFint putc_unlock(int c, FILE * fp); if success return c, else return EOF#include <pthread.h>int pthread_key_create(pthread_key_t * key, void (*destructor)(void *)); if success return 0, else return error-no, will not modify errno#include <pthread.h>int pthread_key_delete(pthread_key_t * key); if success return 0, else return error-no, will not modify errno#include <pthread.h>pthread_once_t initflag = PTHREAD_ONCE_INIT;int pthread_once(pthread_once_t * initflag, void (*initfn)(void)); if success return 0, else return error-no, will not modify errno#include <pthread.h>void * pthread_getspecific(pthread_key_t key); return thread private data, if no data match with key return NULLint pthread_setspecific(pthread_key_t key, const void * value); if success return 0, else return error-no, will not modify errno#include <pthread.h>int pthread_setcancelstate(int state, int * oldstate); if success return 0, else return error-no, will not modify errno state: PTHREAD_CANCEL_ENABLE PTHREAD_CANCEL_DISABLE#include <pthread.h>void pthread_testcancel(void);#include <pthread.h>int pthread_setcanceltype(int type, int * oldtype); if success return 0, else return error-no, will not modify errno type: PTHREAD_CANCEL_DEFERRED /* default */ PTHREAD_CANCEL_ASYNCHRONOUS#include <signal.h>int pthread_sigmask(int how, const sigset_t * restrict set, sigset_t * restrict oset); if success return 0, else return error-no, will not modify errno#include <signal.h>int sigwait(const sigset_t * restrict set, int * restrict signop); if success return 0, else return error-no, will not modify errno#include <signal.h>int pthread_kill(pthread_t thread, int signo); if success return 0, else return error-no, will not modify errno#include <pthread.h>int pthread_atfork(void (*prepare)(void), void (*parent)(void), void (*child)(void)); if success return 0, else return error-no, will not modify errno
示例:
#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <sys/time.h>#include <pthread.h>struct to_info { void (*to_fn)(void *); /* function */ void * to_arg; /* argument */ struct timespec to_wait; /* time to wait */};int makethread(void * (*fn)(void *), void * arg, int detach){ int err; int detachstate; pthread_t tid; pthread_attr_t attr; if ((err = pthread_attr_init(&attr)) != 0) { return(err); } if (detach != 0) { detachstate = PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED; } else { detachstate = PTHREAD_CREATE_JOINABLE; } err = pthread_attr_setdetachstate(&attr, detachstate); if (err == 0) { err = pthread_create(&tid, &attr, fn, arg); } pthread_attr_destroy(&attr); return(err);}void * timeout_helper(void * arg){ struct to_info * tip; tip = (struct to_info *)arg; nanosleep(&tip->to_wait, NULL); (*tip->to_fn)(tip->to_arg); free(arg); return((void *)0);}void timeout(const struct timespec * when, void (*func)(void *), void * arg){ struct timespec now; struct timeval tv; struct to_info * tip; int err; gettimeofday(&tv, NULL); now.tv_sec = tv.tv_sec; now.tv_nsec = tv.tv_usec * 1000; if ((when->tv_sec > now.tv_sec) || (when->tv_sec == now.tv_sec && when->tv_nsec > now.tv_nsec)) { tip = (struct to_info *)malloc(sizeof(struct to_info)); if (tip != NULL) { tip->to_fn = func; tip->to_arg = arg; tip->to_wait.tv_sec = when->tv_sec - now.tv_sec; if (when->tv_nsec >= now.tv_nsec) { tip->to_wait.tv_nsec = when->tv_nsec - now.tv_nsec; } else { --tip->to_wait.tv_sec; tip->to_wait.tv_nsec = 1000000000 - now.tv_nsec + when->tv_nsec; } err = makethread(timeout_helper, tip, 1); if (err == 0) { return; } else { free(tip); } } } (*func)(arg);}pthread_mutexattr_t attr;pthread_mutex_t mutex;void retry(void * arg){ pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex); /* ... perform retry steps ... */ printf("it is a test\n"); pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);}void maketimespec(struct timespec * tsp, long seconds){ struct timeval now; gettimeofday(&now, NULL); tsp->tv_sec = now.tv_sec; tsp->tv_nsec = now.tv_usec * 1000; tsp->tv_sec += seconds;}int main(void){ int err; int condition; int arg; struct timespec when; if ((err = pthread_mutexattr_init(&attr)) != 0) { printf("pthread_mutexattr_init failed\n"); return(1); } err = pthread_mutexattr_settype(&attr, PTHREAD_MUTEX_RECURSIVE); if (err != 0) { printf("pthread_mutexattr_settype failed\n"); } else if ((err = pthread_mutex_init(&mutex, &attr)) != 0) { printf("pthread_mutex_init failed\n"); } pthread_mutexattr_destroy(&attr); if (err != 0) { return(1); } /* ... */ pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex); condition = 1; if (condition) { /* calculate target time "when" */ maketimespec(&when, 5); timeout(&when, retry, (void *)arg); } /* ... */ pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex); /* ... */ sleep(10); /* wait */ exit(0); /* fflush */}#include <limits.h>#include <string.h>#define ARG_MAX (256)char envbuf[ARG_MAX];extern char ** environ;char * getenv(const char * name){ int i; int len; len = strlen(name); for (i = 0; environ[i] != NULL; ++i) { if ((strncmp(name, environ[i], len) == 0) && (environ[i][len] = '=')) { strcpy(envbuf, &environ[i][len + 1]); return(envbuf); } } return(NULL);}#include <string.h>#include <errno.h>#include <pthread.h>#include <stdlib.h>extern char ** environ;pthread_mutex_t env_mutex;pthread_once_t init_done = PTHREAD_ONCE_INIT;void thread_init(void){ pthread_mutexattr_t attr; pthread_mutexattr_init(&attr); pthread_mutexattr_settype(&attr, PTHREAD_MUTEX_RECURSIVE); pthread_mutex_init(&env_mutex, &attr); pthread_mutexattr_destroy(&attr);}int getenv_r(const char * name, char * buf, int buflen){ int i; int len; int olen; pthread_once(&init_done, thread_init); len = strlen(name); pthread_mutex_lock(&env_mutex); for (i = 0; environ[i] != NULL; ++i) { if ((strncmp(name, environ[i], len) == 0) && (environ[i][len] == '=')) { olen = strlen(&environ[i][len + 1]); if (olen >= buflen) { pthread_mutex_unlock(&env_mutex); return(ENOSPC); } else { strcpy(buf, &environ[i][len + 1]); pthread_mutex_unlock(&env_mutex); return(0); } } } pthread_mutex_unlock(&env_mutex); return(ENOENT);}#include <stdlib.h>#include <limits.h>#include <string.h>#include <pthread.h>#define ARG_MAX (256)pthread_key_t key;pthread_once_t init_done = PTHREAD_ONCE_INIT;pthread_mutex_t env_mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;extern char ** environ;void thread_init(void){ pthread_key_create(&key, free);}char * getenv(const char * name){ int i; int len; char * envbuf; pthread_once(&init_done, thread_init); pthread_mutex_lock(&env_mutex); envbuf = (char *)pthread_getspecific(key); if (envbuf == NULL) { envbuf = (char *)malloc(ARG_MAX); if (envbuf == NULL) { pthread_mutex_unlock(&env_mutex); return(NULL); } pthread_setspecific(key, envbuf); } len = strlen(name); for (i = 0; environ[i] != NULL; ++i) { if ((strncmp(name, environ[i], len) == 0) && (environ[i][len] == '=')) { strcpy(envbuf, &environ[i][len + 1]); pthread_mutex_unlock(&env_mutex); return(envbuf); } } pthread_mutex_unlock(&env_mutex); return(NULL);}#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <string.h>#include <signal.h>#include <pthread.h>int quitflag; /* set nonzero by thread */sigset_t mask;pthread_mutex_t lock = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;pthread_cond_t wait = PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER;void * thr_fn(void * arg){ int err; int signo; for (;;) { err = sigwait(&mask, &signo); if (err != 0) { printf("sigwait failed: %s\n", strerror(err)); exit(1); } switch (signo) { case SIGINT: { printf("\ninterrupt\n"); break; } case SIGQUIT: { pthread_mutex_lock(&lock); quitflag = 1; pthread_mutex_unlock(&lock); pthread_cond_signal(&wait); return(NULL); } default: { printf("unexpected signal %d\n", signo); exit(1); } } }}int main(void){ int err; sigset_t oldmask; pthread_t tid; sigemptyset(&mask); sigaddset(&mask, SIGINT); sigaddset(&mask, SIGQUIT); if ((err = pthread_sigmask(SIG_BLOCK, &mask, &oldmask)) != 0) { printf("pthread_sigmask(SIG_BLOCK) failed\n"); exit(1); } if ((err = pthread_create(&tid, NULL, thr_fn, NULL)) != 0) { printf("pthread_create failed\n"); exit(1); } pthread_mutex_lock(&lock); while (quitflag == 0) { pthread_cond_wait(&wait, &lock); } pthread_mutex_unlock(&lock); /* SIGQUIT has been caught and is now blocked, do whatever */ quitflag = 0; /* reset signal mask which unblocks SIGQUIT */ if (sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &oldmask, NULL) != 0) { printf("sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK) failed\n"); exit(1); } exit(0);}#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <string.h>#include <pthread.h>pthread_mutex_t lock1 = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;pthread_mutex_t lock2 = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;void prepare(void){ printf("preparing locks...\n"); pthread_mutex_lock(&lock1); pthread_mutex_lock(&lock2);}void parent(void){ printf("parent unlocking locks...\n"); pthread_mutex_unlock(&lock1); pthread_mutex_unlock(&lock2);}void child(void){ printf("child unlocking locks...\n"); pthread_mutex_unlock(&lock1); pthread_mutex_unlock(&lock2);}void * thr_fn(void * arg){ printf("thread started...\n"); pause(); return(0);}int main(void){ int err; pid_t pid; pthread_t tid;#if defined(BSD) || defined(MACOS) printf("pthread_atfork is unsupported\n");#else if ((err = pthread_atfork(prepare, parent, child)) != 0) { printf("cannot install fork handlers: %s\n", strerror(err)); exit(1); } if ((err = pthread_create(&tid, NULL, thr_fn, NULL)) != 0) { printf("pthread_create failed: %s\n", strerror(err)); } sleep(2); printf("parent about to fork ...\n"); if ((pid = fork()) < 0) { printf("fork failed\n"); exit(1); } else if (pid == 0) { printf("child returned from fork\n"); } else { printf("parent returned from fork\n"); }#endif exit(0);}#include <unistd.h>#include <time.h>#include <sys/select.h>unsigned int sleep(unsigned int seconds){ int n; unsigned slept; time_t start; time_t end; struct timeval tv; tv.tv_sec = seconds; tv.tv_usec = 0; time(&start); n = select(0, NULL, NULL, NULL, &tv); if (n == 0) { return(0); } time(&end); slept = end - start; if (slept >= seconds) { return(0); } else { return(seconds - slept); }}- APUE函数笔记十: 线程控制
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