Python:程序最小化到托盘功能实现

  本文讲解如何装python的开发的命令行程序最小化到托盘的方法，并提供菜单操作功能。

  上个月使用python实现了一个多功能抓图工具，见《Python:一个多功能的抓图工具开发（附源码）》，此程序为一个命令行程序，windows下运行时会弹出一个cmd窗口，里面什么内容也没有，用户使用时直接按下快捷键进行操作。一直想着优化一下，今天想到是否以通过最小化到托盘，并提供菜单操作和快捷键操作两种方式，这样看起来就有点软件的样子了。

   Google了一下，发现了一个方法，具体内容见本文附录部分。

    直接上实现后的代码：

   1、screenshot.py （此模块提供截图的各种方法，被主程序screen_tray.py引用）

#!/usr/bin/env python#coding=gb2312#此模块主要提供抓图功能，支持以下三种抓图方式：#1、抓取全屏,快捷键CTRL+F1#2、抓取当前窗口，快捷键CTRL+F2#3、抓取所选区域，快捷键CTRL+F3#抓到之后，会自动弹出保存对话框，选择路径保存即可#*******************************************#更新记录#0.1 2012-03-10 create by dyx1024#********************************************import pyhkimport wximport osimport sysfrom PIL import ImageGrabimport ctypesimport win32guiimport ctypes.wintypes import screen_traydef capture_fullscreen(SysTrayIcon):    '''    Function:全屏抓图    Input：NONE    Output: NONE    author: socrates    blog:http://blog.csdn.net/dyx1024    date:2012-03-10    '''      #抓图       pic = ImageGrab.grab()        #保存图片    save_pic(pic)    def capture_current_windows(SysTrayIcon):    '''    Function:抓取当前窗口    Input：NONE    Output: NONE    author: socrates    blog:http://blog.csdn.net/dyx1024    date:2012-03-10    '''     #窗口结构           class RECT(ctypes.Structure):        _fields_ = [('left', ctypes.c_long),                ('top', ctypes.c_long),                ('right', ctypes.c_long),                ('bottom', ctypes.c_long)]        def __str__(self):            return str((self.left, self.top, self.right, self.bottom))        rect = RECT()        #获取当前窗口句柄    HWND = win32gui.GetForegroundWindow()        #取当前窗口坐标    ctypes.windll.user32.GetWindowRect(HWND,ctypes.byref(rect))    #调整坐标    rangle = (rect.left+2,rect.top+2,rect.right-2,rect.bottom-2)        #抓图    pic = ImageGrab.grab(rangle)        #保存    save_pic(pic)    def capture_choose_windows(SysTrayIcon):    '''    Function:抓取选择的区域，没有自己写这个，借用QQ抓图功能    Input：NONE    Output: NONE    author: socrates    blog:http://blog.csdn.net/dyx1024    date:2012-03-10    '''         try:         #加载QQ抓图使用的dll         dll_handle = ctypes.cdll.LoadLibrary('CameraDll.dll')     except Exception:             try:                 #如果dll加载失败，则换种方法使用，直接运行，如果还失败，退出                 os.system("Rundll32.exe CameraDll.dll, CameraSubArea")             except Exception:                 return        else:         try:             #加载dll成功，则调用抓图函数，注:没有分析清楚这个函数带的参数个数             #及类型，所以此语句执行后会报参数缺少4个字节，但不影响抓图功能，所             #以直接忽略了些异常             dll_handle.CameraSubArea(0)         except Exception:             return           def save_pic(pic, filename = '未命令图片.png'):    '''    Function:使用文件对框，保存图片    Input：NONE    Output: NONE    author: socrates    blog:http://blog.csdn.net/dyx1024    date:2012-03-10    '''         app = wx.PySimpleApp()        wildcard = "PNG(*.png)|*.png"    dialog = wx.FileDialog(None, "Select a place", os.getcwd(),                           filename, wildcard, wx.SAVE)    if dialog.ShowModal() == wx.ID_OK:        pic.save(dialog.GetPath().encode('gb2312'))    else:        pass        dialog.Destroy()        def screenshot_main():    '''    Function:主函数，注册快捷键    Input：NONE    Output: NONE    author: socrates    blog:http://blog.csdn.net/dyx1024    date:2012-03-10    '''                 #创建hotkey句柄     hot_handle = pyhk.pyhk()     #注册抓取全屏快捷键CTRL+F1    hot_handle.addHotkey(['Ctrl', 'F1'], capture_fullscreen)        #注册抓取当前窗口快捷键CTRL+F2    hot_handle.addHotkey(['Ctrl', 'F2'], capture_current_windows)        #注册抓取所选区域快捷键CTRL+F3    hot_handle.addHotkey(['Ctrl', 'F3'], capture_choose_windows)     #开始运行    hot_handle.start()    

2、screen_tray.py （此模块为主程序，提供托盘及菜单功能，在各菜单项中调用1中的各函数，最后再调用1中的注册快键键函数，来提供快捷键操作）

#!/usr/bin/env python#coding=gb2312         import osimport sysimport win32apiimport win32conimport win32gui_structimport screenshottry:    import winxpgui as win32guiexcept ImportError:    import win32guiclass SysTrayIcon(object):    '''TODO'''    QUIT = 'QUIT'    SPECIAL_ACTIONS = [QUIT]        FIRST_ID = 1023        def __init__(self,                 icon,                 hover_text,                 menu_options,                 on_quit=None,                 default_menu_index=None,                 window_class_name=None,):                self.icon = icon        self.hover_text = hover_text        self.on_quit = on_quit                menu_options = menu_options + (('退出', None, self.QUIT),)        self._next_action_id = self.FIRST_ID        self.menu_actions_by_id = set()        self.menu_options = self._add_ids_to_menu_options(list(menu_options))        self.menu_actions_by_id = dict(self.menu_actions_by_id)        del self._next_action_id                        self.default_menu_index = (default_menu_index or 0)        self.window_class_name = window_class_name or "SysTrayIconPy"                message_map = {win32gui.RegisterWindowMessage("TaskbarCreated"): self.restart,                       win32con.WM_DESTROY: self.destroy,                       win32con.WM_COMMAND: self.command,                       win32con.WM_USER+20 : self.notify,}        # Register the Window class.        window_class = win32gui.WNDCLASS()        hinst = window_class.hInstance = win32gui.GetModuleHandle(None)        window_class.lpszClassName = self.window_class_name        window_class.style = win32con.CS_VREDRAW | win32con.CS_HREDRAW;        window_class.hCursor = win32gui.LoadCursor(0, win32con.IDC_ARROW)        window_class.hbrBackground = win32con.COLOR_WINDOW        window_class.lpfnWndProc = message_map # could also specify a wndproc.        classAtom = win32gui.RegisterClass(window_class)        # Create the Window.        style = win32con.WS_OVERLAPPED | win32con.WS_SYSMENU        self.hwnd = win32gui.CreateWindow(classAtom,                                          self.window_class_name,                                          style,                                          0,                                          0,                                          win32con.CW_USEDEFAULT,                                          win32con.CW_USEDEFAULT,                                          0,                                          0,                                          hinst,                                          None)        win32gui.UpdateWindow(self.hwnd)        self.notify_id = None        self.refresh_icon()                win32gui.PumpMessages()    def _add_ids_to_menu_options(self, menu_options):        result = []        for menu_option in menu_options:            option_text, option_icon, option_action = menu_option            if callable(option_action) or option_action in self.SPECIAL_ACTIONS:                self.menu_actions_by_id.add((self._next_action_id, option_action))                result.append(menu_option + (self._next_action_id,))            elif non_string_iterable(option_action):                result.append((option_text,                               option_icon,                               self._add_ids_to_menu_options(option_action),                               self._next_action_id))            else:                print 'Unknown item', option_text, option_icon, option_action            self._next_action_id += 1        return result            def refresh_icon(self):        # Try and find a custom icon        hinst = win32gui.GetModuleHandle(None)        if os.path.isfile(self.icon):            icon_flags = win32con.LR_LOADFROMFILE | win32con.LR_DEFAULTSIZE            hicon = win32gui.LoadImage(hinst,                                       self.icon,                                       win32con.IMAGE_ICON,                                       0,                                       0,                                       icon_flags)        else:            print "Can't find icon file - using default."            hicon = win32gui.LoadIcon(0, win32con.IDI_APPLICATION)        if self.notify_id: message = win32gui.NIM_MODIFY        else: message = win32gui.NIM_ADD        self.notify_id = (self.hwnd,                          0,                          win32gui.NIF_ICON | win32gui.NIF_MESSAGE | win32gui.NIF_TIP,                          win32con.WM_USER+20,                          hicon,                          self.hover_text)        win32gui.Shell_NotifyIcon(message, self.notify_id)    def restart(self, hwnd, msg, wparam, lparam):        self.refresh_icon()    def destroy(self, hwnd, msg, wparam, lparam):        if self.on_quit: self.on_quit(self)        nid = (self.hwnd, 0)        win32gui.Shell_NotifyIcon(win32gui.NIM_DELETE, nid)        win32gui.PostQuitMessage(0) # Terminate the app.    def notify(self, hwnd, msg, wparam, lparam):        if lparam==win32con.WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK:            self.execute_menu_option(self.default_menu_index + self.FIRST_ID)        elif lparam==win32con.WM_RBUTTONUP:            self.show_menu()        elif lparam==win32con.WM_LBUTTONUP:            pass        return True            def show_menu(self):        menu = win32gui.CreatePopupMenu()        self.create_menu(menu, self.menu_options)        #win32gui.SetMenuDefaultItem(menu, 1000, 0)                pos = win32gui.GetCursorPos()        # See http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/winui/menus_0hdi.asp        win32gui.SetForegroundWindow(self.hwnd)        win32gui.TrackPopupMenu(menu,                                win32con.TPM_LEFTALIGN,                                pos[0],                                pos[1],                                0,                                self.hwnd,                                None)        win32gui.PostMessage(self.hwnd, win32con.WM_NULL, 0, 0)        def create_menu(self, menu, menu_options):        for option_text, option_icon, option_action, option_id in menu_options[::-1]:            if option_icon:                option_icon = self.prep_menu_icon(option_icon)                        if option_id in self.menu_actions_by_id:                                item, extras = win32gui_struct.PackMENUITEMINFO(text=option_text,                                                                hbmpItem=option_icon,                                                                wID=option_id)                win32gui.InsertMenuItem(menu, 0, 1, item)            else:                submenu = win32gui.CreatePopupMenu()                self.create_menu(submenu, option_action)                item, extras = win32gui_struct.PackMENUITEMINFO(text=option_text,                                                                hbmpItem=option_icon,                                                                hSubMenu=submenu)                win32gui.InsertMenuItem(menu, 0, 1, item)    def prep_menu_icon(self, icon):        # First load the icon.        ico_x = win32api.GetSystemMetrics(win32con.SM_CXSMICON)        ico_y = win32api.GetSystemMetrics(win32con.SM_CYSMICON)        hicon = win32gui.LoadImage(0, icon, win32con.IMAGE_ICON, ico_x, ico_y, win32con.LR_LOADFROMFILE)        hdcBitmap = win32gui.CreateCompatibleDC(0)        hdcScreen = win32gui.GetDC(0)        hbm = win32gui.CreateCompatibleBitmap(hdcScreen, ico_x, ico_y)        hbmOld = win32gui.SelectObject(hdcBitmap, hbm)        # Fill the background.        brush = win32gui.GetSysColorBrush(win32con.COLOR_MENU)        win32gui.FillRect(hdcBitmap, (0, 0, 16, 16), brush)        # unclear if brush needs to be feed.  Best clue I can find is:        # "GetSysColorBrush returns a cached brush instead of allocating a new        # one." - implies no DeleteObject        # draw the icon        win32gui.DrawIconEx(hdcBitmap, 0, 0, hicon, ico_x, ico_y, 0, 0, win32con.DI_NORMAL)        win32gui.SelectObject(hdcBitmap, hbmOld)        win32gui.DeleteDC(hdcBitmap)                return hbm    def command(self, hwnd, msg, wparam, lparam):        id = win32gui.LOWORD(wparam)        self.execute_menu_option(id)            def execute_menu_option(self, id):        menu_action = self.menu_actions_by_id[id]              if menu_action == self.QUIT:            win32gui.DestroyWindow(self.hwnd)        else:            menu_action(self)            def non_string_iterable(obj):    try:        iter(obj)    except TypeError:        return False    else:        return not isinstance(obj, basestring)           # Minimal self test. You'll need a bunch of ICO files in the current working# directory in order for this to work...if __name__ == '__main__':    import itertools, glob        icons = 'screenshot_tray.ico'    hover_text = "多功能抓图工具"    menu_options = (('抓取全屏', icons, screenshot.capture_fullscreen),                    ('抓取当前窗口', icons, screenshot.capture_current_windows),                    ('抓取所选区域', icons, screenshot.capture_choose_windows)                   )    def bye(sysTrayIcon): print '退出'        SysTrayIcon(icons, hover_text, menu_options, on_quit=bye)    #提供快捷键操作    screenshot.screenshot_main()

3、执行screen_tray.py，托盘出现菜单项，各功能运行正常，快捷键功能正常，如下图。

  

4、附：

  本文所使用托盘模块下载地址：http://www.brunningonline.net/simon/blog/archives/SysTrayIcon.py.html

  附内容： 

#!/usr/bin/env python# Module     : SysTrayIcon.py# Synopsis   : Windows System tray icon.# Programmer : Simon Brunning - [e-mail]# Date       : 11 April 2005# Notes      : Based on (i.e. ripped off from) Mark Hammond's#              win32gui_taskbar.py and win32gui_menu.py demos from PyWin32'''TODOFor now, the demo at the bottom shows how to use it...'''         import osimport sysimport win32apiimport win32conimport win32gui_structtry:    import winxpgui as win32guiexcept ImportError:    import win32guiclass SysTrayIcon(object):    '''TODO'''    QUIT = 'QUIT'    SPECIAL_ACTIONS = [QUIT]        FIRST_ID = 1023        def __init__(self,                 icon,                 hover_text,                 menu_options,                 on_quit=None,                 default_menu_index=None,                 window_class_name=None,):                self.icon = icon        self.hover_text = hover_text        self.on_quit = on_quit                menu_options = menu_options + (('Quit', None, self.QUIT),)        self._next_action_id = self.FIRST_ID        self.menu_actions_by_id = set()        self.menu_options = self._add_ids_to_menu_options(list(menu_options))        self.menu_actions_by_id = dict(self.menu_actions_by_id)        del self._next_action_id                        self.default_menu_index = (default_menu_index or 0)        self.window_class_name = window_class_name or "SysTrayIconPy"                message_map = {win32gui.RegisterWindowMessage("TaskbarCreated"): self.restart,                       win32con.WM_DESTROY: self.destroy,                       win32con.WM_COMMAND: self.command,                       win32con.WM_USER+20 : self.notify,}        # Register the Window class.        window_class = win32gui.WNDCLASS()        hinst = window_class.hInstance = win32gui.GetModuleHandle(None)        window_class.lpszClassName = self.window_class_name        window_class.style = win32con.CS_VREDRAW | win32con.CS_HREDRAW;        window_class.hCursor = win32gui.LoadCursor(0, win32con.IDC_ARROW)        window_class.hbrBackground = win32con.COLOR_WINDOW        window_class.lpfnWndProc = message_map # could also specify a wndproc.        classAtom = win32gui.RegisterClass(window_class)        # Create the Window.        style = win32con.WS_OVERLAPPED | win32con.WS_SYSMENU        self.hwnd = win32gui.CreateWindow(classAtom,                                          self.window_class_name,                                          style,                                          0,                                          0,                                          win32con.CW_USEDEFAULT,                                          win32con.CW_USEDEFAULT,                                          0,                                          0,                                          hinst,                                          None)        win32gui.UpdateWindow(self.hwnd)        self.notify_id = None        self.refresh_icon()                win32gui.PumpMessages()    def _add_ids_to_menu_options(self, menu_options):        result = []        for menu_option in menu_options:            option_text, option_icon, option_action = menu_option            if callable(option_action) or option_action in self.SPECIAL_ACTIONS:                self.menu_actions_by_id.add((self._next_action_id, option_action))                result.append(menu_option + (self._next_action_id,))            elif non_string_iterable(option_action):                result.append((option_text,                               option_icon,                               self._add_ids_to_menu_options(option_action),                               self._next_action_id))            else:                print 'Unknown item', option_text, option_icon, option_action            self._next_action_id += 1        return result            def refresh_icon(self):        # Try and find a custom icon        hinst = win32gui.GetModuleHandle(None)        if os.path.isfile(self.icon):            icon_flags = win32con.LR_LOADFROMFILE | win32con.LR_DEFAULTSIZE            hicon = win32gui.LoadImage(hinst,                                       self.icon,                                       win32con.IMAGE_ICON,                                       0,                                       0,                                       icon_flags)        else:            print "Can't find icon file - using default."            hicon = win32gui.LoadIcon(0, win32con.IDI_APPLICATION)        if self.notify_id: message = win32gui.NIM_MODIFY        else: message = win32gui.NIM_ADD        self.notify_id = (self.hwnd,                          0,                          win32gui.NIF_ICON | win32gui.NIF_MESSAGE | win32gui.NIF_TIP,                          win32con.WM_USER+20,                          hicon,                          self.hover_text)        win32gui.Shell_NotifyIcon(message, self.notify_id)    def restart(self, hwnd, msg, wparam, lparam):        self.refresh_icon()    def destroy(self, hwnd, msg, wparam, lparam):        if self.on_quit: self.on_quit(self)        nid = (self.hwnd, 0)        win32gui.Shell_NotifyIcon(win32gui.NIM_DELETE, nid)        win32gui.PostQuitMessage(0) # Terminate the app.    def notify(self, hwnd, msg, wparam, lparam):        if lparam==win32con.WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK:            self.execute_menu_option(self.default_menu_index + self.FIRST_ID)        elif lparam==win32con.WM_RBUTTONUP:            self.show_menu()        elif lparam==win32con.WM_LBUTTONUP:            pass        return True            def show_menu(self):        menu = win32gui.CreatePopupMenu()        self.create_menu(menu, self.menu_options)        #win32gui.SetMenuDefaultItem(menu, 1000, 0)                pos = win32gui.GetCursorPos()        # See http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/winui/menus_0hdi.asp        win32gui.SetForegroundWindow(self.hwnd)        win32gui.TrackPopupMenu(menu,                                win32con.TPM_LEFTALIGN,                                pos[0],                                pos[1],                                0,                                self.hwnd,                                None)        win32gui.PostMessage(self.hwnd, win32con.WM_NULL, 0, 0)        def create_menu(self, menu, menu_options):        for option_text, option_icon, option_action, option_id in menu_options[::-1]:            if option_icon:                option_icon = self.prep_menu_icon(option_icon)                        if option_id in self.menu_actions_by_id:                                item, extras = win32gui_struct.PackMENUITEMINFO(text=option_text,                                                                hbmpItem=option_icon,                                                                wID=option_id)                win32gui.InsertMenuItem(menu, 0, 1, item)            else:                submenu = win32gui.CreatePopupMenu()                self.create_menu(submenu, option_action)                item, extras = win32gui_struct.PackMENUITEMINFO(text=option_text,                                                                hbmpItem=option_icon,                                                                hSubMenu=submenu)                win32gui.InsertMenuItem(menu, 0, 1, item)    def prep_menu_icon(self, icon):        # First load the icon.        ico_x = win32api.GetSystemMetrics(win32con.SM_CXSMICON)        ico_y = win32api.GetSystemMetrics(win32con.SM_CYSMICON)        hicon = win32gui.LoadImage(0, icon, win32con.IMAGE_ICON, ico_x, ico_y, win32con.LR_LOADFROMFILE)        hdcBitmap = win32gui.CreateCompatibleDC(0)        hdcScreen = win32gui.GetDC(0)        hbm = win32gui.CreateCompatibleBitmap(hdcScreen, ico_x, ico_y)        hbmOld = win32gui.SelectObject(hdcBitmap, hbm)        # Fill the background.        brush = win32gui.GetSysColorBrush(win32con.COLOR_MENU)        win32gui.FillRect(hdcBitmap, (0, 0, 16, 16), brush)        # unclear if brush needs to be feed.  Best clue I can find is:        # "GetSysColorBrush returns a cached brush instead of allocating a new        # one." - implies no DeleteObject        # draw the icon        win32gui.DrawIconEx(hdcBitmap, 0, 0, hicon, ico_x, ico_y, 0, 0, win32con.DI_NORMAL)        win32gui.SelectObject(hdcBitmap, hbmOld)        win32gui.DeleteDC(hdcBitmap)                return hbm    def command(self, hwnd, msg, wparam, lparam):        id = win32gui.LOWORD(wparam)        self.execute_menu_option(id)            def execute_menu_option(self, id):        menu_action = self.menu_actions_by_id[id]              if menu_action == self.QUIT:            win32gui.DestroyWindow(self.hwnd)        else:            menu_action(self)            def non_string_iterable(obj):    try:        iter(obj)    except TypeError:        return False    else:        return not isinstance(obj, basestring)# Minimal self test. You'll need a bunch of ICO files in the current working# directory in order for this to work...if __name__ == '__main__':    import itertools, glob        icons = itertools.cycle(glob.glob('*.ico'))    hover_text = "SysTrayIcon.py Demo"    def hello(sysTrayIcon): print "Hello World."    def simon(sysTrayIcon): print "Hello Simon."    def switch_icon(sysTrayIcon):        sysTrayIcon.icon = icons.next()        sysTrayIcon.refresh_icon()    menu_options = (('Say Hello', icons.next(), hello),                    ('Switch Icon', None, switch_icon),                    ('A sub-menu', icons.next(), (('Say Hello to Simon', icons.next(), simon),                                                  ('Switch Icon', icons.next(), switch_icon),                                                 ))                   )    def bye(sysTrayIcon): print 'Bye, then.'        SysTrayIcon(icons.next(), hover_text, menu_options, on_quit=bye, default_menu_index=1)