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linux 下面安装Oracle10g全程详解

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系统环境监测以及设置

--操作系统类型，名称，内核版本，日期时间，内核架构位数
[root@dw_scheduler_system~]# uname -a
Linux dw_scheduler_system 2.6.18-194.el5 #1SMP Fri Apr 214:58:14EDT 2010x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
 
--查看系统总的物理内存
[root@dw_scheduler_system~]# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
MemTotal:     8168088kB
 
--查看系统总的交换分区
[root@dw_scheduler_system~]# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
SwapTotal:   10223608kB
 
--查看系统硬盘的空间分布
[root@dw_scheduler_system~]# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
                      387G   16G  351G   5% /
/dev/sda1              99M   20M   75M  21% /boot
tmpfs                3.9G    0 3.9G  0% /dev/shm
 
--创建oracle用户以及相应的组，设置oracle用户的密码
[root@dw_scheduler_system~]#/usr/sbin/groupadd oinstall
[root@dw_scheduler_system~]#/usr/sbin/groupadd dba
[root@dw_scheduler_system~]#/usr/sbin/useradd -m -g oinstall -G dba oracle
[root@dw_scheduler_system~]# id oracle
uid=500(oracle) gid=500(oinstall) groups=500(oinstall),501(dba)
[root@dw_scheduler_system~]# passwd oracle
Changing password foruser oracle.
New UNIX password:
BAD PASSWORD: it is based on a dictionary word
RetypenewUNIX password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully
 
--创建oracle的安装目录以及存放临时文件的目录
cd /opt
mkdir tmp oracle
chown -R oracle:oinstall /opt/oracle
chown -R oracle:oinstall /opt/tmp
chmod775/opt/oracle
chmod775/opt/tmp
 
--查看当前操作系统的版本信息
[root@dw_scheduler_system~]# lsb_release -a
LSB Version:    :core-4.0-amd64:core-4.0-ia32:core-4.0-noarch:graphics-4.0-amd64:graphics-4.0-ia32:graphics-4.0-noarch:printing-4.0-amd64:printing-4.0-ia32:printing-4.0-noarch
Distributor ID: CentOS
Description:    CentOS release 5.6(Final)
Release:       5.6
Codename:       Final
 
--修改系统内核参数以及一些相关配置
cat >> /etc/sysctl.conf <<EOF
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 6442450944
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 25032000 100 128
fs.file-max = 101365
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 900065500
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 900065500
net.core.rmem_default=1048576
net.core.wmem_default=1048576
net.core.rmem_max=1048576
net.core.wmem_max=1048576
EOF
 
--执行系统充值文件来引用前面设置的参数
/sbin/sysctl -p
/sbin/sysctl -a | grep shm
/sbin/sysctl -a | grep sem
/sbin/sysctl -a | grep file-max
/sbin/sysctl -a | grep ip_local_port_range
 
--设置oracle用户的系统资源使用权限
cat >> /etc/security/limits.conf <<EOF
oracle               soft    nproc   2047   #当前系统生效的本用户所能够开启的最多进程个数
oracle               hard    nproc   16384  #系统所能支持的本用户所能够开启的最多进程个数
oracle               soft    nofile  1024   #当前系统生效的本用户所能够打开的最多文件个数
oracle               hard    nofile  65536  #系统所能支持的本用户所能够打开的最多文件个数
EOF
 
--配置oracle进入登录配置，解决本地控制台下[按ctrl+alt+Fn]无法登陆的问题
cat >> /etc/pam.d/login <<EOF
session    required     /lib64/security/pam_limits.so
EOF
 
--配置oracle用户的bash_profile，避免每次登录都要export环境变量
[oracle@localhost~]$ more .bash_profile
# .bash_profile
 
# Get the aliases and functions
if[ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
        . ~/.bashrc
fi
 
# User specific environment and startup programs
 
#PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin
 
#export PATH
export TEMP=/opt/tmp
export TMPDIR=/opt/tmp
export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10g
export ORACLE_SID=UBSADV
export ORACLE_TERM=xterm
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib:/lib
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib
export LC_LANG=en_US
export LC_ALL=en_US
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
 
unset USERNAME
umask022

检查，安装orale必须的一些rpm package

列表如下（red hat 5版本的，其他版本类似，可以yun update 加上名字的字母部分check一下，再进行安装）：
yum install binutils-2.17.50.0.6-2.el5
yum install compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-61
yum install elfutils-libelf-0.125-3.el5
yum install elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125
yum install gcc-4.1.1-52
yum install gcc-c++-4.1.1-52
yum install glibc-2.5-12
yum install glibc-common-2.5-12
yum install glibc-devel-2.5-12
yum install glibc-headers-2.5-12
yum install libaio-0.3.106
yum install libaio-devel-0.3.106
yum install libgcc-4.1.1-52
yum install libstdc++-4.1.1
yum install libstdc++-devel-4.1.1-52.e15
yum install make-3.81-1.1
yum install sysstat-7.0.0
yum install unixODBC-2.2.11
yum install unixODBC-devel-2.2.11
yum install compat-db-4.2.52 (x86_64)
yum install compat-libstdc++-296(i386)
yum install compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3 (x86_64)
yum install compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3(i386)
yum install control-center-2.16.0 (x86_64)
yum install glibc-2.5-12 (x86_64)
yum install glibc-2.5-12 (i686)
yum install glibc-devel-2.5-12 (x86_64)
yum install glibc-devel-2.5-12(i386)
yum install ksh-20060214-1.4 (x86_64)
yum install libgcc-4.1.1(i386)
yum install libgcc-4.1.1(x86_64)
yum install libgnome-2.16.0 (x86_64)
yum install libgnomeui-2.16.0 (x86_64)
yum install libgomp-4.1.1 (x86_64)
yum install libXp-1.0.0-8 (i386)
yum install libXp-1.0.0-8.1.el5.*
yum install libXp-devel-1.0.0-8.1.el5.*

[root@dw_scheduler_system~]# yum install binutils
Setting up Install Process
Package binutils-2.17.50.0.6-14.el5.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Nothing to do

安装oracle10g RDBMS

如果机器安装了VNCSERVER的话，可以用VNC client远程图形化安装，这样的话会很友好，也不错。这里就不再赘述，我们这里主要是通过配置Oracle installation的response file来静默安装。

先安装10.2.0.1版本

--解压oracle软件到当前目录
[root@dw_scheduler_systemtmp]# cpio -idmv < 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio
......
database/doc/server.102/b14196/undo_manage.gif
database/doc/server.102/b14196/users_and_privs.gif
database/doc/server.102/b14196/users_page.gif
database/doc/server.102/b14196/users_secure.htm
database/doc/server.102/b14196/view_all_props.gif
database/doc/server.102/b14196/view_data_po.gif
database/doc/server.102/b14196/view_employees.gif
database/doc/server.102/b14196
database/doc/server.102/b14196.pdf
database/doc/server.102/b15658/admin_ora.htm
database/doc/server.102/b15658/admn_sqlpls.htm
database/doc/server.102/b15658/appa_aix.htm
database/doc/server.102/b15658/appb_hpux.htm
database/doc/server.102/b15658/appc_linux.htm
database/doc/server.102/b15658/appd_mac.htm
database/doc/server.102/b15658/appe_sol.htm
database/doc/server.102/b15658/appf_tru.htm
database/doc/server.102/b15658/appg_db_lmts.htm
database/doc/server.102/b15658/app_odbc.htm
database/doc/server.102/b15658/cnfg_net_srv.htm
database/doc/server.102/b15658/cnfg_prd.htm
database/doc/server.102/b15658/index.htm
database/doc/server.102/b15658/ldr_demo.htm
database/doc/server.102/b15658/prcmp_cll_int.htm
database/doc/server.102/b15658/preface.htm
database/doc/server.102/b15658/strt_stp.htm
database/doc/server.102/b15658/title.htm
database/doc/server.102/b15658/toc.htm
database/doc/server.102/b15658/tuning.htm
database/doc/server.102/b15658
database/doc/server.102/b15658.pdf
database/doc/server.102
database/doc
database/welcome.html
database
1565626blocks
[root@dw_scheduler_systemdatabase]# ls
doc  install  response  runInstaller  stage  welcome.html
[root@dw_scheduler_systemdatabase]# cd response/
[root@dw_scheduler_systemresponse]# ls
custom.rsp  dbca.rsp  emca.rsp  enterprise.rsp  netca.rsp  standard.rsp
[root@dw_scheduler_systemresponse]# ll
total244
-rwxrwxr-x194110 42424 25278 Oct 23 2005 custom.rsp
-rw-rw-r--194110 42424 44600 Oct 23 2005 dbca.rsp
-rwxrwxr-x194110 42424  8476 Oct 23 2005 emca.rsp
-rwxrwxr-x194110 42424 71113 Oct 23 2005 enterprise.rsp
-rw-rw-r--194110 42424  5742 Oct 23 2005 netca.rsp
-rwxrwxr-x194110 42424 71113 Oct 23 2005 standard.rsp
[root@dw_scheduler_systemresponse]# vi dw_scheduler_system.rsp
 
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION=2.2.1.0.0
FROM_LOCATION="../stage/products.xml"
ORACLE_HOME="/opt/oracle/product/10g/"
ORACLE_HOME_NAME="OraDb10g_home1"
TOPLEVEL_COMPONENT={"oracle.server","10.2.0.1.0"}
DEINSTALL_LIST={"oracle.server","10.2.0.1.0"}
SHOW_SPLASH_SCREEN=false
SHOW_WELCOME_PAGE=false
SHOW_COMPONENT_LOCATIONS_PAGE=false
SHOW_CUSTOM_TREE_PAGE=false
SHOW_SUMMARY_PAGE=false
SHOW_INSTALL_PROGRESS_PAGE=false
SHOW_REQUIRED_CONFIG_TOOL_PAGE=false
SHOW_CONFIG_TOOL_PAGE=false
SHOW_RELEASE_NOTES=false
SHOW_ROOTSH_CONFIRMATION=false
SHOW_END_SESSION_PAGE=false
SHOW_EXIT_CONFIRMATION=false
NEXT_SESSION=false
NEXT_SESSION_ON_FAIL=false
SHOW_DEINSTALL_CONFIRMATION=false
SHOW_DEINSTALL_PROGRESS=false
ACCEPT_LICENSE_AGREEMENT=true
COMPONENT_LANGUAGES={"en"}
CLUSTER_NODES=
INSTALL_TYPE="EE"
s_nameForDBAGrp=dba
s_nameForOPERGrp=dba
b_oneClick=false
SHOW_DATABASE_CONFIGURATION_PAGE=false
b_createStarterDB=false
oracle.server:DEPENDENCY_LIST={"oracle.rdbms:10.2.0.1.0","oracle.options:10.2.0.1.0","oracle.rdbms.oci:10.2.0.1.0"}
oracle.options:DEPENDENCY_LIST={"oracle.rdbms.partitioning:10.2.0.1.0"}
 
"dw_scheduler_system.rsp"[New] 31L, 907C written
[root@dw_scheduler_systemresponse]# cd ..
[root@dw_scheduler_systemdatabase]# ls
doc  install  response  runInstaller  stage  welcome.html
[root@dw_scheduler_systemdatabase]# ./runInstaller  -ignoreSysPreReqs -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/software/database/response/scheduler_system.rsp

安装后续处理工作

[root@dw_scheduler_systemdatabase]# /opt/oracle/product/10g/root.sh #系统环境变量映射，创建oratab，类似于crontab。
Running Oracle10 root.sh script...
 
The following environment variables are set as:
ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
ORACLE_HOME= /opt/oracle/
 
Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:
Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
 
Creating /etc/oratab file...
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root.sh script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
 
[root@dw_scheduler_systemdatabase]#/opt/oracle/product/10g/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh #
Changing permissions of /opt/product/product/10g/oraInventory to 770.
 
Changing groupname of /opt/product/product/10g/oraInventory to dba.
 
The execution of the script is complete

升级10.2.0.1到10.2.0.5

[root@dw_scheduler_systemtmp]# unzip p8202632_10205_Linux-x86-64.zip
......
  inflating: Disk1/stage/oracle.patchset.db.10_2_0_5_0.xml
 extracting: Disk1/stage/oracle.patchset.db.10_2_0_5_0_dep_default.properties
  inflating: Disk1/stage/oracle.patchset.db.10_2_0_4_0.xml
   creating: Disk1/install/
  inflating: Disk1/install/lsnodes
  inflating: Disk1/install/addNode.sh
 extracting: Disk1/install/addLangs.sh
  inflating: Disk1/install/oraparam.ini
  inflating: Disk1/install/attachHome.sh
  inflating: Disk1/install/detachHome.sh
   creating: Disk1/install/resource/
  inflating: Disk1/install/resource/cons.nls
  inflating: Disk1/install/resource/cons_de.nls
  inflating: Disk1/install/resource/cons_es.nls
  inflating: Disk1/install/resource/cons_fr.nls
  inflating: Disk1/install/resource/cons_it.nls
  inflating: Disk1/install/resource/cons_ja.nls
  inflating: Disk1/install/resource/cons_ko.nls
  inflating: Disk1/install/resource/cons_pt_BR.nls
  inflating: Disk1/install/resource/cons_zh_CN.nls
  inflating: Disk1/install/resource/cons_zh_TW.nls
   creating: Disk1/install/images/
 extracting: Disk1/install/images/rdbms_1.gif
 extracting: Disk1/install/images/rdbms_2.gif
 extracting: Disk1/install/images/rdbms_3.gif
 extracting: Disk1/install/images/rdbms_4.gif
 extracting: Disk1/install/images/rdbms_5.gif
 extracting: Disk1/install/images/rdbms_6.gif
 extracting: Disk1/install/images/rdbms_7.gif
 extracting: Disk1/install/images/rdbms_8.gif
  inflating: Disk1/install/.oui
  inflating: Disk1/install/unzip
  inflating: Disk1/install/oraparamsilent.ini
  inflating: Disk1/patch_note.htm
  inflating: Disk1/runInstaller
   creating: Disk1/response/
  inflating: Disk1/response/patchset.rsp
replace README.htm? [y]es, [n]o, [A]ll, [N]one, [r]ename: y
  inflating: README.htm
[root@dw_scheduler_systemtmp]# ls
10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio  gconfd-root        orbit-root                       README.htm
database                          hsperfdata_oracle  p7612454_10205_Linux-x86-64.zip  ssh-cUwQv13915
Disk1                             hsperfdata_root    p8202632_10205_Linux-x86-64.zip  ssh-lSzwFd1837
[root@dw_scheduler_systemtmp]# cd Disk1/
[root@dw_scheduler_systemDisk1]# ls
install  patch_note.htm  response  runInstaller  stage
[root@dw_scheduler_systemDisk1]# cd response/
[root@dw_scheduler_systemresponse]# ls
patchset.rsp
[root@dw_scheduler_systemresponse]# vi scheduler_system_patch.rsp
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION=2.2.1.0.0
UNIX_GROUP_NAME="dba"
FROM_LOCATION="../stage/products.xml"
ORACLE_HOME="/opt/oracle/product/10g/"
ORACLE_HOME_NAME="OraDb10g_home1"
TOPLEVEL_COMPONENT={"oracle.patchset.db","10.2.0.5.0"}
SHOW_SPLASH_SCREEN=false
SHOW_WELCOME_PAGE=false
SHOW_COMPONENT_LOCATIONS_PAGE=false
SHOW_CUSTOM_TREE_PAGE=false
SHOW_SUMMARY_PAGE=false
SHOW_INSTALL_PROGRESS_PAGE=false
SHOW_REQUIRED_CONFIG_TOOL_PAGE=false
SHOW_CONFIG_TOOL_PAGE=false
SHOW_RELEASE_NOTES=false
SHOW_ROOTSH_CONFIRMATION=false
SHOW_END_SESSION_PAGE=false
SHOW_EXIT_CONFIRMATION=false
OUI_HOSTNAME="tdata"
RESTART_SYSTEM=false
REMOVE_HOMES={}
NEXT_SESSION=false
NEXT_SESSION_ON_FAIL=false
SHOW_DEINSTALL_CONFIRMATION=false
SHOW_DEINSTALL_PROGRESS=false
ACCEPT_LICENSE_AGREEMENT=true
COMPONENT_LANGUAGES={"en"}
CLUSTER_NODES=
INSTALL_TYPE="EE"
s_nameForDBAGrp=dba
s_nameForOPERGrp=dba
b_oneClick=false
SHOW_DATABASE_CONFIGURATION_PAGE=false
b_createStarterDB=false
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES = true
oracle.server:DEPENDENCY_LIST={"oracle.rdbms:10.2.0.1.0","oracle.options:10.2.0.1.0","oracle.rdbms.oci:10.2.0.1.0"}
oracle.options:DEPENDENCY_LIST={"oracle.rdbms.partitioning:10.2.0.1.0"}
 
#加入上面静默安装参数
[root@dw_scheduler_systemresponse]# ./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /tmp/Disk1/response/patch_scheduler_system.rsp

安装完成之后RDBMS安装就完成了。

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