单词搜索迷宫游戏

来源:互联网 发布:广州淘宝恒大 编辑:程序博客网 时间:2024/05/05 04:48

我们在杂志上,经常能够看到找单词的小游戏,在一个二维表格中,存在各种字母,我们可以从八个方向找单词。这个用计算机处理十分方便,但是,算法的好坏很重要,因为要是用蛮力算法实现,那么耗费的时间是不可想象的。

这是数据结构与问题求解Java语言描述一书中给的实现思路

完整代码如下,注释写的很明白了

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;

 

/**
 * 单词搜索迷宫
 *
 * */

public class WordSearch
{
 /**
  * 在构造函数中构造两个输入流,单词的输入流,和表格的输入流
  * */
    public WordSearch( ) throws IOException
    {
        puzzleStream = openFile( "输入表格文件路径:" );
        wordStream   = openFile( "输入单词文件路径:" );
        System.out.println( "文件读取中..." );
        readPuzzle( );
        readWords( );
    }

    /**
     * @return matches 共有多少个单词匹配
     * 按照每个位置从八个方向搜索
     * rd 表示行上得增量,eg:rd=-1,表示向上一行
     * cd 表示列上得增量    eg:cd=-1。表示向左一步
     * 所以rd=1,cd=0表示南
     * rd=-1,cd=0表示北,
     * rd=-1,cd=1,表示东北
     */
    public int solvePuzzle( )
    {
        int matches = 0;

        for( int r = 0; r < rows; r++ )
            for( int c = 0; c < columns; c++ )
                for( int rd = -1; rd <= 1; rd++ )
                    for( int cd = -1; cd <= 1; cd++ )
                        if( rd != 0 || cd != 0 )
                          matches += solveDirection( r, c, rd, cd );
      
        return matches;
    }


    /**
     * 在指定的坐标上,按照给定的方向搜索,返回匹配的单词数量
     * @return number of matches
     */
    private int solveDirection( int baseRow, int baseCol, int rowDelta, int colDelta )
    {
        String charSequence = "";
        int numMatches = 0;
        int searchResult;

        charSequence += theBoard[ baseRow ][ baseCol ];

        for( int i = baseRow + rowDelta, j = baseCol + colDelta;
                 i >= 0 && j >= 0 && i < rows && j < columns;
                 i += rowDelta, j += colDelta )
        {
            charSequence += theBoard[ i ][ j ];
            searchResult = prefixSearch( theWords, charSequence );
           
            /**
             * 下面的  if( searchResult == theWords.length )
             * 必须要判断,否则会出现越界的危险,及当最后一个单词之匹配前缀时,返回的是索引-1
             * */
            if( searchResult == theWords.length )
                break;
           
            /**
             * 如果没有响应的前缀,直接跳过这个基点的搜索,即使继续搜索,做的也是无用功
             * */
            if( !theWords[ searchResult ].startsWith( charSequence ) )
                break;

            if( theWords[ searchResult ].equals( charSequence ) )
            {
                numMatches++;
                System.out.println( "发现了 " + charSequence + " 在 " +
                                    baseRow+1 + "行    " + baseCol + "  列      " +
                                    i + " " + j );
            }
        }

        return numMatches;
    }

 

    /**
     * 先解释Arrays.binarySearch(Object[] ,Object)
     * 使用二进制搜索算法来搜索指定数组,以获得指定对象。在进行此调用之前,
     * 必须根据数组元素的自然顺序 对数组进行升序排序(通过上面的 Sort(Object[] 方法)。
     * 如果没有对数组进行排序,则结果是不明确的。(如果数组包含不可相互比较的元素(例如,字符串和整数),
     * 则无法 根据数组元素的自然顺序对数组进行排序,因此结果是不明确的。)
     * 如果数组包含多个等于指定对象的元素,则无法保证找到的是哪一个。
     */
    private static int prefixSearch( String [ ] a, String x )
    {
        int idx = Arrays.binarySearch( a, x );
       
        if( idx < 0 )
            return -idx - 1;
        else
            return idx;
    }

    /**
     * 读取文件内容,获得输入流
     */
    private BufferedReader openFile( String message )
    {
        String fileName = "";
        FileReader theFile;
        BufferedReader fileIn = null;

        do
        {
            System.out.println( message + ": " );

            try
            {
                fileName = in.readLine( );
                if( fileName == null )
                     System.exit( 0 );
                theFile = new FileReader( fileName );
                fileIn  = new BufferedReader( theFile );
            }
            catch( IOException e )
              { System.err.println( "Cannot open " + fileName ); }
        } while( fileIn == null );

        System.out.println( "Opened " + fileName );
        return fileIn;
    }
       
   
    /**
     * 读入表格
     * */
    private void readPuzzle( ) throws IOException
    {
        String oneLine;
        List<String> puzzleLines = new ArrayList<String>( );

        if( ( oneLine = puzzleStream.readLine( ) ) == null )
            throw new IOException( "No lines in puzzle file" );

        columns = oneLine.length( );
        puzzleLines.add( oneLine );

        while( ( oneLine = puzzleStream.readLine( ) ) != null )
        {
            if( oneLine.length( ) != columns )
                System.err.println( "Puzzle is not rectangular; skipping row" );
            else
              puzzleLines.add( oneLine );
        }
       
        rows = puzzleLines.size( );
        theBoard = new char[ rows ][ columns ];
       
        int r = 0;
        for( String theLine : puzzleLines )
            theBoard[ r++ ] = theLine.toCharArray( );
       
    }

    /**
     * 读取已经按照字典排序的单词列表
     */
    private void readWords( ) throws IOException
    {
        List<String> words = new ArrayList<String>( );

        String lastWord = null;
        String thisWord;
       
        while( ( thisWord = wordStream.readLine( ) ) != null )
        {
            if( lastWord != null && thisWord.compareTo( lastWord ) < 0 )
            {
                System.err.println( "没有按照字典顺序排序,此次跳过" );
                continue;
            }
            words.add( thisWord.trim() );
            lastWord = thisWord;
        }
       
        theWords = new String[ words.size( ) ];
  theWords = words.toArray( theWords );
    }

      // Cheap main
    public static void main( String [ ] args )
    {
        WordSearch p = null;
       
        try
        {
            p = new WordSearch( );
        }
        catch( IOException e )
        {
            System.out.println( "IO Error: " );
            e.printStackTrace( );
            return;
        }
       
        System.out.println( "正在搜索..." );
        p.solvePuzzle( );
    }


    private int rows;
    private int columns;
    private char [ ][ ] theBoard;
    private String [ ] theWords;
    private BufferedReader puzzleStream;
    private BufferedReader wordStream;
    private BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader( new InputStreamReader( System.in ) );
}

 

原创粉丝点击