Oracle静默建库

1.1 静默配置监听
通过response文件运行netca, 生成sqlnet.ora和listener.ora文件, 位于$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin目录下:
# su - oracle
$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/netca /silent /responsefile $DISTRIB/response/netca.rsp
$ ll $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/*.ora
-rwxrwxr-x 1 oracle oinstall 378 Jul 14 09:45 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
-rwxrwxr-x 1 oracle oinstall 223 Jul 14 09:33 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/sqlnet.ora
-rwxrwxr-x 1 oracle oinstall 422 Jul 14 09:39 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
$ vi /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.130)(PORT = 1521))
    )
  )

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle


$ vi /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
LISTENER_ORCL11G =
  (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.130)(PORT = 1521))


ORCL =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.130)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = ORCL.LK)
    )
  )



$ lsnrctl status
执行完后, 监听就已经启动了, 默认端口是1521, 默认是动态监听, 只要实例启动了就会监听到.


1.2 静默建库
1) 生成响应文件模板:
$ vi $DISTRIB/db_create.rsp
#以下参数不要更改
[GENERAL]
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"
OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"
#以下参数必须设置
[CREATEDATABASE]
GDBNAME = "ORCL.LK"
TEMPLATENAME = "General_Purpose.dbc"
#以下参数不设置则使用默认值,建议设置
CHARACTERSET = "ZHS16GBK"
TOTALMEMORY = "1024"

2) dbca静默建库, 大概3-4分钟:
种子数据库和控制文件位于$ORACLE_HOME/assistants/dbca/templates/, 即Seed_Database.dfb和Seed_Database.ctl文件, 实际建库就是基于通过rman恢复种子数据库和控制文件来实现
$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile $DISTRIB/db_create.rsp
Enter SYS user password:   change_on_install
<输入sys用户密码>
Enter SYSTEM user password:  manager
<输入system用户密码>
各参数含义如下:
-silent 表示以静默方式安装
-responseFile 表示使用哪个响应文件,必需使用绝对路径
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION 响应文件模板的版本,该参数不要更改
OPERATION_TYPE 安装类型,该参数不要更改
GDBNAME 全局数据库名,点号前面默认是db_name,点号后面默认就是db_domain
TEMPLATENAME 建库模板名,参考各模板定义:$ORACLE_HOME/assistants/dbca/templates/*.dbc
CHARACTERSET 字符集,默认是WE8MSWIN1252
TOTALMEMORY 实例内存,默认是服务器物理内存的40%

3) 安装期间查看日志信息了解进度:
$ tail -100f $ORACLE_BASE/cfgtoollogs/dbca/$ORACLE_SID/$ORACLE_SID.log

4) 建库后实例检查
$ ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep | wc -l
21

$ ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep
oracle    1855     1  0 10:07 ?        00:00:00 ora_pmon_ORCL
oracle    1857     1  0 10:07 ?        00:00:00 ora_vktm_ORCL

5) 建库后监听检查
$ lsnrctl status
Services Summary...
Service "ORCL.LK" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "ORCLXDB.LK" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed


cp /u01/app/oracle/admin/ORCL/pfile/init.ora.5162012204510  /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initORCL.ora

然后你可以修改sys的密码,也可以解锁scott用户
$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> startup;
SQL> alter user scott account unlock;
SQL> conn scott/tiger;

SQL> select table_name from user_tables;

SQL> conn system
Enter SYSTEM user password:  manager

SQL> grant imp_full_database to scott;

导入 imp userid=scott/tiger full=y file=1.dmp ignore=y fromuser=pfdb touser=scott