ABAP--关于文件操作

来源：互联网发布：sql修改密码语句编辑：程序博客网时间：2024/05/05 16:44

在SAP的ABAP编程中,经常涉及到文件的处理，SAP的按照不同分类，有服务端文件和客户端文件，文本文件和二进制文件(EXE文件，Office文件，PDF文件等)。

服务器文件的操作

服务器文件的浏览

可以是用TCode：AL11查看服务器的文件夹和文件，可以点击配置“Configure”创建和管理文件夹。

创建和修改服务器文件

使用ABAP的OPEN DATASET带FOR OUTPUT语句打开文件；

使用TRANSFER语句写入文件；

使用CLOSE DATASET关闭文件（保存）。

DATA: gdf_filepath type dxfile-filename
DATA: gdt_data type table of gts_data.
DATA: ldf_length type i.
FIELD-SYMBOLS: <lfs_outfile> TYPE gts_data

START-OF-SELECTION.

gdf_filepath = 'C:\mydata.txt'.

OPEN DATASET gdf_filepath FOR OUTPUT IN TEXT MODE ENCODING DEFAULT.

LOOP AT prt_data ASSIGNING <lfs_outfile>.
DESCRIBE FIELD <lfs_outfile> LENGTH ldf_length IN BYTE MODE.

TRANSFER <lfs_outfile> TO prf_file LENGTH ldf_length.
ENDLOOP.

CLOSE DATASET gdf_filepath.

读取服务器文件

使用ABAP的OPEN DATASET带FOR INPUT语句打开文件；

使用READ DATASET语句读取文件；

使用CLOSE DATASET关闭文件。

PARAMETERS p_file TYPE dxfile-filename.

START-OF-SELECTION.

OPEN DATASET p_file IN TEXT MODE ENCODING DEFAULT FOR INPUT.

DO.
    READ DATASET p_file INTO gds_data.
    IF sy-subrc <> 0.
      EXIT.
    ENDIF.

APPEND gds_data TO gdt_data.
ENDDO.

CLOSE DATASET p_file.

检查服务器文件是否存在

使用函数OCS_GET_FILE_INFO

DATA: gdt_ocs_file TYPE TABLE OF ocs_file.
PARAMETERS p_file TYPE dxfile-filename.

AT SELECTION-SCREEN.
CALL FUNCTION 'OCS_GET_FILE_INFO'
    EXPORTING
      dir_name           = p_file
      file_name          = '*'
    TABLES
      dir_list               = gdt_ocs_file
或使用OPEN DATASET，判断系统返回值判断文件

PARAMETERS p_file TYPE dxfile-filename.
AT SELECTION-SCREEN.
OPEN DATASET p_file FOR INPUT IN TEXT MODE ENCODING DEFAULT.

IF sy-subrc = 0.
CLOSE DATASET p_file.
ELSE.
MESSAGE 'the input file does not exist.' TYPE 'E'.
ENDIF.

读取服务器文件夹的文件列表

使用SUBST_GET_FILE_LIST 或 EPS_GET_DIRECTORY_LISTING函数

如何使用Search Help

使用'F4_DXFILENAME_4_DYNP'函数

PARAMETERS p_file TYPE dxfile-filename.

AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON VALUE-REQUEST FOR p_file.

CALL FUNCTION 'F4_DXFILENAME_4_DYNP'
EXPORTING
      dynpfield_filename = 'P_FILE'
      dyname                    = sy-repid
      dynumb                    = sy-dynnr
      filetype                     = 'P'
      location                    = 'A'
      server                       = ' '.

filetype: 'P' represents Physical file name; 'L' represents Logical file name.
location: 'A' represents Application Server; 'P' represents Presentation server.

使用F4_DXFILENAME_TOPRECURSION函数创建自定义的输入帮助

代码参见：http://wiki.sdn.sap.com/wiki/display/Snippets/F4+for+files+on+presentation+or+Application+Server

注意

为了避免文件名称可变化，我们应该使用逻辑文件。使用TCODE：FILE可以定义逻辑文件，使用函数FILE_GET_NAME去获取文件名；

客户端文件的操作

创建客户端文件

使用函数 GUI_DOWNLOAD

*DATA DECLARATION for GUI_DOWNLOAD.
DATA : lv_filename type STRING.
lv_filename = file.
CONSTANTS: LV_FILETYPE TYPE CHAR10 VALUE 'ASC'.
CALL FUNCTION 'GUI_DOWNLOAD'
EXPORTING
    FILENAME                        = lv_filename
    FILETYPE                        = 'ASC'
    CODEPAGE                        = 'IBM'
TABLES
    DATA_TAB                        = DATA_TAB
EXCEPTIONS
    FILE_WRITE_ERROR                = 1
    NO_BATCH                        = 2
    GUI_REFUSE_FILETRANSFER         = 3
    INVALID_TYPE                    = 4
    NO_AUTHORITY                    = 5
    UNKNOWN_ERROR                   = 6
    HEADER_NOT_ALLOWED              = 7
    SEPARATOR_NOT_ALLOWED           = 8
    FILESIZE_NOT_ALLOWED            = 9
    HEADER_TOO_LONG                 = 10
    DP_ERROR_CREATE                 = 11
    DP_ERROR_SEND                   = 12
    DP_ERROR_WRITE                  = 13
    UNKNOWN_DP_ERROR                = 14
    ACCESS_DENIED                   = 15
    DP_OUT_OF_MEMORY                = 16
    DISK_FULL                       = 17
    DP_TIMEOUT                      = 18
    FILE_NOT_FOUND                  = 19
    DATAPROVIDER_EXCEPTION          = 20
    CONTROL_FLUSH_ERROR             = 21
    OTHERS                          = 22.
file = lv_filename.

使用函数CL_GUI_FRONTEND_SERVICES=>GUI_DOWNLOAD

DATA : filename_new TYPE string,
       l_filename TYPE string,
       l_fullpath TYPE string,
       l_path TYPE string.
MOVE filename TO filename_new.

CALL METHOD cl_gui_frontend_services=>file_save_dialog
EXPORTING
     default_file_name = filename_new
CHANGING
     filename                      = l_filename
     path                          = l_path
     fullpath                      = l_fullpath.
IF sy-subrc <> 0.
ENDIF.

CALL METHOD cl_gui_frontend_services=>gui_download
EXPORTING
      filename          = l_fullpath
    filetype             = 'ASC'
   append                = 'X'
TABLES
    data_tab             = lt_datatab
EXCEPTIONS
    OTHERS               = 1.

注意: DOWNLOAD和WS_DOWNLOAD不建议使用

读取客户端文件

使用'GUI_UPLOAD'函数

DATA : lv_filename type STRING.
CONSTANTS: LV_FILETYPE TYPE CHAR10 VALUE 'ASC'.
CALL FUNCTION 'GUI_UPLOAD'
EXPORTING
   FILENAME              = lv_filename
   FILETYPE                 = 'DAT'
   CODEPAGE                 = 'IBM'
TABLES
   DATA_TAB                 = data_tab
EXCEPTIONS
   FILE_OPEN_ERROR               = 1
   FILE_READ_ERROR               = 2
   NO_BATCH                      = 3
   GUI_REFUSE_FILETRANSFER       = 4
   INVALID_TYPE                  = 5
   NO_AUTHORITY                  = 6
   UNKNOWN_ERROR                 = 7
   BAD_DATA_FORMAT               = 8
   HEADER_NOT_ALLOWED            = 9
   SEPARATOR_NOT_ALLOWED         = 10
   HEADER_TOO_LONG               = 11
   UNKNOWN_DP_ERROR              = 12
   ACCESS_DENIED                 = 13
   DP_OUT_OF_MEMORY              = 14
   DISK_FULL                     = 15
   DP_TIMEOUT                    = 16
   OTHERS                        = 17.
使用CL_GUI_FRONTEND_SERVICES=>GUI_UPLOAD 方法

注意: UPLOAD 和 WS_UPLOAD 函数不建议使用

检查客户端文件是否存在

使用DX_FILE_EXISTENCE_CHECK 函数

DATA: gdf_file_exist(1) TYPE c.
PARAMETERS p_file TYPE dxfile-filename.

AT SELECTION-SCREEN.
CALL FUNCTION 'DX_FILE_EXISTENCE_CHECK'
    EXPORTING
      filename             = p_file
      pc                       = 'X'
*   SERVER              =
    IMPORTING
      file_exists           = gdf_file_exist

IF NOT ( sy-subrc = 0 and gdf_file_exist = 'X' )
MESSAGE 'the input file does not exist.' TYPE 'E'.
ENDIF.

Pay attention to the importing parameter 'pc', it should be set as 'X'.

使用CL_GUI_FRONTEND_SERVICES=>FILE_EXIST函数

DATA: gdf_file_exist(1) TYPE c.
PARAMETERS p_file TYPE dxfile-filename.

AT SELECTION-SCREEN.
CALL METHOD cl_gui_frontend_services=>file_exist
    EXPORTING
      file                    = p_file
    RECEIVING
      result               = gdf_file_exist

IF NOT ( sy-subrc = 0 and gdf_file_exist = 'X' )
MESSAGE 'the input file does not exist.' TYPE 'E'.
ENDIF.

读取客户端文件列表

使用 TMP_GUI_DIRECTORY_LIST_FILES 函数

或 CL_GUI_FRONTEND_SERVICES=>DIRECTORY_LIST_FILES 方法

使用search Help

使用CL_GUI_FRONTEND_SERVICES=>FILE_OPEN_DIALOG 方法

DATA: gdt_filetable TYPE filetable.
DATA: gdf_rc TYPE I.
PARAMETERS p_file TYPE dxfile-filename.

AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON VALUE-REQUEST FOR p_file.

CALL METHOD cl_gui_frontend_services=>file_open_dialog
   EXPORTING
      WINDOW_TITLE     = 'Choose a file'
   CHANGING
      file_table                 = gdt_filetable
      rc                            = gdf_rc
IF sy-subrc = 0.
    READ TABLE gdt_filetable
     INTO gds_filetable INDEX 1.
    p_file = gds_filetable-filename.
ENDIF.

使用CL_GUI_FRONTEND_SERVICES=>FILE_SAVE_DIALOG 方法

使用WS_FILENAME_GET函数

使用F4_FILENAME 函数(版本要求：R/3 and ECC only)

PARAMETERS p_file TYPE dxfile-filename.

AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON VALUE-REQUEST FOR p_file.

CALL FUNCTION 'F4_FILENAME'
*   EXPORTING
*     PROGRAM_NAME        =
*     DYNPRO_NUMBER      =
*     FIELD_NAME                =
   IMPORTING
     file_name           = p_file.

注意对于选取文件夹请使用CL_GUI_FRONTEND_SERVICES=>DIRECTORY_BROWSE方法

服务器端和客户端之间的文件拷贝

TCode： CG3Y (from server to frontend)

TCode：CG3Z (from frontend to server)

使用CL_GUI_FRONTEND_SERVICES=>FILE_COPY 方法；

使用上文提到服务器和客户端操作的组合来实现；

文件的压缩

使用CL_ABAP_ZIP；

使用CL_ABAP_GZIP，这个类只能在内存中进行数据的压缩和解压处理；

对服务器端我们可以使用OPEN DATASET带FILTER实现

DATA file TYPE string VALUE `/usr/test.Z`.

OPEN DATASET file FOR OUTPUT IN BINARY MODE
FILTER 'compress'.
...
CLOSE DATASET file.

OPEN DATASET file FOR INPUT IN BINARY MODE
FILTER 'uncompress'.
...
CLOSE DATASET file.

其他操作

使用OLE/DOI for Office native files (Excel, Word, etc.)

CL_GUI_FRONTEND_SERVICES类提供大量有关文件操作的方法