第10周-任务0-构造和析构函数的执行过程实例解析

来源:互联网 发布:ipa应用分发源码 编辑:程序博客网 时间:2024/05/16 01:54

【题目】阅读程序,先分析程序的执行结果,在上机时运行程序进行对照,再通过单步执行跟踪程序的运行,达到理解基类、派生类中构造函数、析构函数执行过程的目的。

程序如下:

#include <iostream>using namespace std;class Part  //部件类{public:    Part();    Part(int i);    ~Part(); private:    int val;};class Whole: public Part{public:    Whole();    Whole(int,int,int,int);    ~Whole();private:    Part one;    Part two;    int data;};Part::Part(){    val=0;    cout<<"The default constructor of part was called "<<val<<endl;}Part::Part(int i){    val=i;    cout<<"The constructor of part was called "<<val<<endl;}Part::~Part(){      cout<<"The destructor of part was called "<<val<<endl;}Whole::Whole(){    data=0;    cout<<"The default constructor of whole was called "<<data<<endl;}Whole::Whole(int p, int i,int j,int k):Part(p),two(i),one(j),data(k){   cout<<"The constructor of whole was called "<<data<<endl;}Whole::~Whole(){      cout<<"The destructor of whole was called "<<data<<endl;}void f(){    Whole w1;    Whole w2(1,2,3,4);}int main(){    f();    system("pause");    return 0;}

运行结果及解释:

运行结果对运行结果的说明The default constructor of part was called 0
The default constructor of part was called 0
The default constructor of part was called 0
The default constructor of whole was called 0程序中第60行定义对象w1时,执行构造函数的结果。
对于基类part、派生类中的part对象成员执行的都是默认构造函数;
最后执行派生类whole的默认构造函数的函数体中的语句。The constructor of part was called 1
The constructor of part was called 3
The constructor of part was called 2
The constructor of whole was called 4程序中第61行定义对象w2时,执行构造函数的结果。
调用构造函数的过程也是先基类、再派生类中的对象成员,最后执行派生类构造函数的函数体。
此处执行的均是带参数的构造函数。
注意到在创建对象w2(1,2,3,4)时,第48行函数调用的实参为:Part(1),two(2),one(3),data(4)。
可能让人意外的是,给出的数字是1 3 2 4,而不是1 2 3 4。
这告诉我们,w2中对象成员one的构造函数one(3)执行在前,对象成员two的构造函数two(2)执行在后。
对象成员的构造顺序依其在对象中定义 的顺序(见第20和21行),而不是构造函数中的书写顺序。
为什么?因为在一个whole对象中,各数据成员是顺序存储的,分配空间,one在前,two在后。
C++是人工语言。大多数问题是有依据的,多想想有好处,但初学时常想不到。
所以,一旦有想不通的,将观察得到的现象有大脑中留有映像,随着学习的深入就明白了。The destructor of whole was called 4
The destructor of part was called 2
The destructor of part was called 3
The destructor of part was called 1退出f()函数的调用时,结束局部对象w2的生命周期,执行析构函数。
要调用的析构函数的顺序正好与前构造函数的顺序相反:先构造的后析构,后构造的先析构。The destructor of whole was called 0
The destructor of part was called 0
The destructor of part was called 0
The destructor of part was called 0退出f()函数的调用时,结束局部对象w1的生命周期,执行析构函数。
w1比w2先定义,而析构函数的执行却在后。
这个结果是由系统自动决定的,程序员需要明白其中的游戏规则。



原创粉丝点击