oracle的（+）意思

Oracle中外关联采用的是(+)符号表示外关联，也就是说标识了(+)符号的部分在找不到对应的值的时候为NULL

eg：Oracle中可以使用“(+) ”来表示，9i可以使用LEFT/RIGHT/FULL OUTER JOIN

LEFT OUTER JOIN：左外关联
SELECT e.last_name, e.department_id, d.department_name
FROM employees e
LEFT OUTER JOIN departments d
ON (e.department_id = d.department_id);
等价于
SELECT e.last_name, e.department_id, d.department_name
FROM employees e, departments d
WHERE e.department_id=d.department_id(+)
结果为：所有员工及对应部门的记录，包括没有对应部门编号department_id的员工记录。

RIGHT OUTER JOIN：右外关联
SELECT e.last_name, e.department_id, d.department_name
FROM employees e
RIGHT OUTER JOIN departments d
ON (e.department_id = d.department_id);
等价于
SELECT e.last_name, e.department_id, d.department_name
FROM employees e, departments d
WHERE e.department_id(+)=d.department_id
结果为：所有员工及对应部门的记录，包括没有任何员工的部门记录。

FULL OUTER JOIN：全外关联
SELECT e.last_name, e.department_id, d.department_name
FROM employees e
FULL OUTER JOIN departments d
ON (e.department_id = d.department_id);
结果为：所有员工及对应部门的记录，包括没有对应部门编号department_id的员工记录和没有任何员工的部门记录。