xml的四种解析

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JAVA解析XML四种方法比较

  XML现在已经成为一种通用的数据交换格式,它的平台无关性,语言无关性,系统无关性,给数据集成与交互带来了极大的方便。对于XML本身的语法知识与技术细节,需要阅读相关的技术文献,这里面包括的内容有DOM(Document Object Model),DTD(Document Type Definition),SAX(Simple API for XML),XSD(Xml Schema Definition),XSLT(Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations),

  XML在不同的语言里解析方式都是一样的,只不过实现的语法不同而已。基本的解析方式有两种,一种叫SAX,另一种叫DOM。SAX是基于事件流的解析,DOM是基于XML文档树结构的解析。假设我们XML的内容和结构如下: view plaincopy to clipboardprint?

  <?xml version=”1.0″ encoding=”UTF-8″?> <employees>

  <employee>

  <name>ddviplinux</name>

  <***>m</***>

  <age>30</age>

  </employee>

  </employees>

  <?xml version=”1.0″ encoding=”UTF-8″?> <employees>

  <employee>

  <name>ddviplinux</name>

  <***>m</***>

  <age>30</age>

  </employee>

  </employees>

  本文使用JAVA语言来实现DOM与SAX的XML文档天生与解析

  首先定义一个操纵XML文档的接口XmlDocument 它定义了XML文档的建立与解析的接口。 view plaincopy to clipboardprint?

  package com.alisoft.facepay.framework.bean;

  public inte***ce XmlDocument {

  public void createXml(String fileName);

  public void parserXml(String fileName);

  }

  package com.alisoft.facepay.framework.bean;

  public inte***ce XmlDocument {

  public void createXml(String fileName);

  public void parserXml(String fileName);

  }

  1. DOM天生和解析XML文档

  为 XML 文档的已解析版本定义了一组接口。解析器读进整个文档,然后构建一个驻留内存的树结构,然后代码就可以使用 DOM 接口来操纵这个树结构。优点:整个文档树在内存中,便于操纵;支持删除、QQ空间克隆修改、重新排列等多种功能;缺点:将整个文档调进内存(包括无用的节点),浪费时间和空间;使用场合:一旦解析了文档还需多次访问这些数据;硬件资源充足(内存、CPU)。 view plaincopy to clipboardprint?

  package com.alisoft.facepay.framework.bean;

  import java.io.FileInputStream;

  import java.io.FileNotFoundException;

  import java.io.FileOutputStream;

  import java.io.IOException;

  import java.io.InputStream;

  import java.io.PrintWriter;

  import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;

  import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;

  import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;

  import javax.xml.transform.OutputKeys;

  import javax.xml.transform.Transformer;

  import javax.xml.transform.TransformerConfigurationExcept ion;

  import javax.xml.transform.TransformerException;

  import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory;

  import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource;

  import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;

  import org.w3c.dom.Document;

  import org.w3c.dom.Element;

  import org.w3c.dom.Node;

  import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;

  import org.xml.sax.SAXException;

  public class DomDemo implements XmlDocument {

  private Document document;

  private String fileName;

  public void init() {

  try {

  DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory

  .newInstance();

  DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder();

  this.document = builder.newDocument();

  } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {

  System.out.println(e.getMessage());

  }

  }

  public void createXml(String fileName) {

  Element root = this.document.createElement_x(“employees”);

  this.document.appendChild(root);

  Element employee = this.document.createElement_x(“employee”);

  Element name = this.document.createElement_x(“name”);

  name.appendChild(this.document.createTextNode(“丁宏亮“));

  employee.appendChild(name);

  Element *** = this.document.createElement_x(“***”);

  ***.appendChild(this.document.createTextNode(“m”));

  employee.appendChild(***);

  Element age = this.document.createElement_x(“age”);

  age.appendChild(this.document.createTextNode(“30″));

  employee.appendChild(age);

  root.appendChild(employee);

  TransformerFactory tf = TransformerFactory.newInstance();

  try {

  Transformer transformer = tf.newTransformer();

  DOMSource source = new DOMSource(document);

  transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.ENCODING, “gb2312″);

  transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.INDENT, “yes”);

  PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(new FileOutputStream(fileName));

  StreamResult result = new StreamResult(pw);

  transformer.transform(source, result);

  System.out.println(“天生XML文件成功!”);

  } catch (TransformerConfigurationException e) {

  System.out.println(e.getMessage());

  } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {

  System.out.println(e.getMessage());

  } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {

  System.out.println(e.getMessage());

  } catch (TransformerException e) {

  System.out.println(e.getMessage());

  }

  }

  public void parserXml(String fileName) {

  try {

  DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();

  DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();

  Document document = db.parse(fileName);

  NodeList employees = document.getChildNodes();

  for (int i = 0; i < employees.getLength(); i++) {

  Node employee = employees.item(i);

  NodeList employeeInfo = employee.getChildNodes();

  for (int j = 0; j < employeeInfo.getLength(); j++) {

  Node node = employeeInfo.item(j);

  NodeList employeeMeta = node.getChildNodes();

  for (int k = 0; k < employeeMeta.getLength(); k++) {

  System.out.println(employeeMeta.item(k).getNodeNam e()

  + “:” + employeeMeta.item(k).getTextContent());

  }

  }

  }

  System.out.println(“解析完毕“);

  } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {

  System.out.println(e.getMessage());

  } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {

  System.out.println(e.getMessage());

  } catch (SAXException e) {

  System.out.println(e.getMessage());

  } catch (IOException e) {

  System.out.println(e.getMessage());

  }

  }

  }

  2. SAX天生和解析XML文档

  为解决DOM的题目,出现了SAX。SAX ,事件驱动。当解析器发现元素开始、元素结束、文本、文档的开始或结束等时,发送事件,程序员编写响应这些事件的代码,保存数据。优点:不用事先调进整个文档,占用资源少;SAX解析器代码比DOM解析器代码小,适于Applet,下载。缺点:不是持久的;事件过后,若没保存数据,那么数据就丢了;无状态性;从事件中只能得到文本,但不知该文本属于哪个元素;使用场合:Applet;只需XML文档的少量内容,很少回头访问;机器内存少; view plaincopy to clipboardprint?

  package com.alisoft.facepay.framework.bean;

  import java.io.FileInputStream;

  import java.io.FileNotFoundException;

  import java.io.IOException;

  import java.io.InputStream;

  import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;

  import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser;

  import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory;

  import org.xml.sax.Attributes;

  import org.xml.sax.SAXException;

  import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler;

  public class SaxDemo implements XmlDocument {

  public void createXml(String fileName) {

  System.out.println(“<<”+filename+“>>”);

  }

  public void parserXml(String fileName) {

  SAXParserFactory saxfac = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();

  try {

  SAXParser saxparser = saxfac.newSAXParser();

  InputStream is = new FileInputStream(fileName);

  saxparser.parse(is, new MySAXHandler());

  } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {

  e.printStackTrace();

  } catch (SAXException e) {

  e.printStackTrace();

  } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {

  e.printStackTrace();

  } catch (IOException e) {

  e.printStackTrace();

  }

  }

  }

  class MySAXHandler extends DefaultHandler {

  boolean hasAttribute = false;

  Attributes attributes = null;

  public void startDocument() throws SAXException {

  System.out.println(“文档开始打印了“);

  }

  public void endDocument() throws SAXException {

  System.out.println(“文档打印结束了“);

  }

  public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName,

  Attributes attributes) throws SAXException {

  if (qName.equals(“employees”)) {

  return;

  }

  if (qName.equals(“employee”)) {

  System.out.println(qName);

  }

  if (attributes.getLength() > 0) {

  this.attributes = attributes;

  this.hasAttribute = true;

  }

  }

  public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName)

  throws SAXException {

  if (hasAttribute && (attributes != null)) {

  for (int i = 0; i < attributes.getLength(); i++) {

  System.out.println(attributes.getQName(0)

  + attributes.getValue(0));

  }

  }

  }

  public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length)

  throws SAXException {

  System.out.println(new String(ch, start, length));

  }

  }

  3. DOM4J天生和解析XML文档

  DOM4J 是一个非常非常优秀的Java XML API,具有性能优异、功能强大和极端易用使用的特点,同时它也是一个开放源代码的软件。如今你可以看到越来越多的Java 软件都在使用 DOM4J 来读写XML,特别值得一提的是连 Sun 的 JAXM 也在用 DOM4J。 view plaincopy to clipboardprint?

  package com.alisoft.facepay.framework.bean;

  import java.io.File;

  import java.io.FileWriter;

  import java.io.IOException;

  import java.io.Writer;

  import java.util.Iterator;

  import org.dom4j.Document;

  import org.dom4j.DocumentException;

  import org.dom4j.DocumentHelper;

  import org.dom4j.Element;

  import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;

  import org.dom4j.io.XMLWriter;

  public class Dom4jDemo implements XmlDocument {

  public void createXml(String fileName) {

  Document document = DocumentHelper.createDocument();

  Element employees=document.addElement(“employees”);

  Element employee=employees.addElement(“employee”);

  Element name= employee.addElement(“name”);

  name.setText(“ddvip”);

  Element ***=employee.addElement(“***”);

  ***.setText(“m”);

  Element age=employee.addElement(“age”);

  age.setText(“29″);

  try {

  Writer fileWriter=new FileWriter(fileName);

  XMLWriter xmlWriter=new XMLWriter(fileWriter);

  xmlWriter.write(document);

  xmlWriter.close();

  } catch (IOException e) {

  System.out.println(e.getMessage());

  }

  }

  public void parserXml(String fileName) {

  File inputXml=new File(fileName);

  SAXReader saxReader = new SAXReader();

  try {

  Document document = saxReader.read(inputXml);

  Element employees=document.getRootElement();

  for(Iterator i = employees.elementIterator(); i.hasNext();){

  Element employee = (Element) i.next();

  for(Iterator j = employee.elementIterator(); j.hasNext();){

  Element node=(Element) j.next();

  System.out.println(node.getName()+“:”+node.getText());

  }

  }

  } catch (DocumentException e) {

  System.out.println(e.getMessage());

  }

  System.out.println(“dom4j parserXml”);

  }

  }

  4. JDOM天生和解析XML

  为减少DOM、SAX的编码量,出现了JDOM;优点:20-80原则,极大减少了代码量。使用场合:要实现的功能简单,如解析、创建等,但在底层,JDOM还是使用SAX(最常用)、DOM、Xanan文档。 view plaincopy to clipboardprint?

  package com.alisoft.facepay.framework.bean;

  import java.io.FileNotFoundException;

  import java.io.FileOutputStream;

  import java.io.IOException;

  import java.util.List;

  import org.jdom.Document;

  import org.jdom.Element;

  import org.jdom.JDOMException;

  import org.jdom.input.SAXBuilder;

  import org.jdom.output.XMLOutputter;

  public class JDomDemo implements XmlDocument {

  public void createXml(String fileName) {

  Document document;

  Element root;

  root=new Element(“employees”);

  document=new Document(root);

  Element employee=new Element(“employee”);

  root.addContent(employee);

  Element name=new Element(“name”);

  name.setText(“ddvip”);

  employee.addContent(name);

  Element ***=new Element(“***”);

  ***.setText(“m”);

  employee.addContent(***);

  Element age=new Element(“age”);

  age.setText(“23″);

  employee.addContent(age);

  XMLOutputter XMLOut = new XMLOutputter();

  try {

  XMLOut.output(document, new FileOutputStream(fileName));

  } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {

  e.printStackTrace();

  } catch (IOException e) {

  e.printStackTrace();

  }

  }

  public void parserXml(String fileName) {

  SAXBuilder builder=new SAXBuilder(false);

  try {

  Document document=builder.build(fileName);

  Element employees=document.getRootElement();

  List employeeList=employees.getChildren(“employee”);

  for(int i=0;i<employeeList.size();i++){

  Element employee=(Element)employeeList.get(i);

  List employeeInfo=employee.getChildren();

  for(int j=0;j<employeeInfo.size();j++){

  System.out.println(((Element)employeeInfo.get(j)). getName()+“:”+((Element)employeeInfo.get(j)).getValue());

  }

  }

  } catch (JDOMException e) {

  e.printStackTrace();

  } catch (IOException e) {

  e.printStackTrace();

  }

  }

  }