NSXMLParser具体解析xml的应用详解

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有关NSXMLParser解析类库的基本论述,可查看相关SDK帮助,以下仅仅是具体的应用操作。是以一个图书库应用为例,其Books.xml文档结构如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <Books>   <Book id="1">       <title>Circumference</title>       <author>Nicholas Nicastro</author>       <summary>Eratosthenes and the Ancient</summary>   </Book>   <Book id="2">       <title>Copernicus Secret</title>       <author>Jack Repcheck</author>       <summary>How the scientific revolution began</summary>   </Book>   <Book id="3">       <title>Angels and Demons</title>       <author>Dan Brown</author>       <summary>Robert Langdon is summoned to a Swiss</summary>   </Book> </Books>
从其文档结构我们可以看出,要定义一个Book实体类描述具体的书籍信息,其中用于存储的相关xml文档元素的实例变量与对应元素同名(本例:title、author、summary),另外还有个bookID实例变量存储Book元素标签的属性id值。具体Book实体类的定义如下:

// Book.h #import <UIKit/UIKit.h> @interface Book:NSObject {    NSInteger  bookID;    NSString    *title;    NSString    *author;    NSString    *summary; }  @property (nonatomic, readwrite) NSInteger bookID; @property (nonatomic, retain) NSString  *title; @property (nonatomic, retain) NSString  *author; @property (nonatomic, retain) NSString  *summary;  @end  //Book.m #import "Book.h" @implementation Book @synthesize title,author,summary,bookID;  - (void)dealloc {    [summary release];    [author release];    [title release];    [super dealloc]; } @end
由于例子中的xml文档结构表明会有很多书籍,即Book实体类的实例对象会有很多。所以我们要在应用程序中声明一个可变数组来存储这些信息,如下代码表明:在应用程序委托类中声明了一个可变数组books。

// AppDelegate.h@interface AppDelegate : NSObject <UIApplicationDelegate> {    //默认缺省的实例变量    NSMutableArray  *books;}//默认缺省的属性定义@property (nonatomic, retain) NSMutableArray  *books;@end
为了代码的清晰,我们可以再声明一个代理类XMLParser,在当NSXMLParser实例对象指定委托时会用到。

// XMLParser.h#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>@class AppDelegate, Book;@interface XMLParser : NSObject {   NSMutableString *currentElementValue;  //用于存储元素标签的值   AppDelegate *appDelegate;   Book *aBook;  //书籍实例}- (XMLParser *)initXMLParser; //构造器@end

// XMLParser.m- (XMLParser *)initXMLParser {  [super  init];  appDelegate = (AppDelegate *)[[UIApplication sharedApplication] delegate];  return self;}

这整个XMLParser类的实现代码如下:

//XMLParser.m #import "XMLParser.h" #import "XMLAppDelegate.h" #import "Book.h"   @implementation XMLParser   - (XMLParser *) initXMLParser {   [super init];   appDelegate = (XMLAppDelegate *)[[UIApplication sharedApplication] delegate];   return self; }   - (void)parser:(NSXMLParser *)parser didStartElement:(NSString *)elementName namespaceURI:(NSString *)namespaceURI qualifiedName:(NSString *)qualifiedName attributes:(NSDictionary *)attributeDict {   if([elementName isEqualToString:@"Books"]) { //Initialize the array. //在这里初始化用于存储最终解析结果的数组变量,我们是在当遇到Books根元素时才开始初始化,有关此初始化过程也可以在parserDidStartDocument 方法中实现 appDelegate.books = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; } else if([elementName isEqualToString:@"Book"]) {   //Initialize the book. //当碰到Book元素时,初始化用于存储Book信息的实例对象aBook aBook = [[Book alloc] init];   //Extract the attribute here. //从attributeDict字典中读取Book元素的属性 aBook.bookID = [[attributeDict objectForKey:@"id"] integerValue];   NSLog(@"Reading id value :%i", aBook.bookID); }   NSLog(@"Processing Element: %@", elementName); } /* 可以看出parser:didStartElement:namespaceURI:qualifiedName:attributes方法实现的就是在解析元素开始标签时,进行一些初始化流程 */   - (void)parser:(NSXMLParser *)parser foundCharacters:(NSString *)string { // 当用于存储当前元素的值是空时,则先用值进行初始化赋值 // 否则就直接追加信息  if(!currentElementValue) currentElementValue = [[NSMutableString alloc] initWithString:string]; else [currentElementValue appendString:string];   NSLog(@"Processing Value: %@", currentElementValue);   }  // 这里才是真正完成整个解析并保存数据的最终结果的地方 - (void)parser:(NSXMLParser *)parser didEndElement:(NSString *)elementName namespaceURI:(NSString *)namespaceURI qualifiedName:(NSString *)qName {   if([elementName isEqualToString:@"Books"]) return;   //There is nothing to do if we encounter the Books element here. //If we encounter the Book element howevere, we want to add the book object to the array 遇到Book元素的结束标签,则添加book对象到设置好的数组中。 // and release the object. if([elementName isEqualToString:@"Book"]) { [appDelegate.books addObject:aBook];   [aBook release]; aBook = nil; } else // 不是Book元素时也不是根元素,则用 setValue:forKey为当前book对象的属性赋值 [aBook setValue:currentElementValue forKey:elementName];   [currentElementValue release]; currentElementValue = nil; }   - (void) dealloc {   [aBook release]; [currentElementValue release]; [super dealloc]; }   @end

只要没有碰到文档结束符,解析器会一而再,再而三的不断呼叫此三个回调函数进行循环:开始初始化book对象并读取有关元素属性,读取子元素和设置它们的值给实体对象,最后不断将实体对象添加到数组中保存。


原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/lovecode/archive/2012/01/01/2309687.html

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