Layout Modes

Fixed Layout vs Automatic Layout

There are two different modes you can use to arrange and organize your GUIs: Fixed and Automatic. Up until now, every UnityGUI example provided in this guide has used Fixed Layout. To use Automatic Layout, writeGUILayout instead of GUI when calling control functions. You do not have to use one Layout mode over the other, and you can use both modes at once in the same OnGUI() function.

Fixed Layout makes sense to use when you have a pre-designed interface to work from. Automatic Layout makes sense to use when you don't know how many elements you need up front, or don't want to worry about hand-positioning each Control. For example, if you are creating a number of different buttons based on Save Game files, you don't know exactly how many buttons will be drawn. In this case Automatic Layout might make more sense. It is really dependent on the design of your game and how you want to present your interface.

There are two key differences when using Automatic Layout:

• GUILayout is used instead of GUI
• No Rect() function is required for Automatic Layout Controls

/* Two key differences when using Automatic Layout */// JavaScriptfunction OnGUI () {// Fixed LayoutGUI.Button (Rect (25,25,100,30), "I am a Fixed Layout Button");// Automatic LayoutGUILayout.Button ("I am an Automatic Layout Button");}// C#using UnityEngine;using System.Collections;public class GUITest : MonoBehaviour {void OnGUI () {// Fixed LayoutGUI.Button (new Rect (25,25,100,30), "I am a Fixed Layout Button");// Automatic LayoutGUILayout.Button ("I am an Automatic Layout Button");}}

Arranging Controls

Depending on which Layout Mode you're using, there are different hooks for controlling where your Controls are positioned and how they are grouped together. In Fixed Layout, you can put different Controls into Groups. In Automatic Layout, you can put different Controls into Areas, Horizontal Groups, and Vertical Groups

Fixed Layout - Groups

Groups are a convention available in Fixed Layout Mode. They allow you to define areas of the screen that contain multiple Controls. You define which Controls are inside a Group by using the GUI.BeginGroup() andGUI.EndGroup() functions. All Controls inside a Group will be positioned based on the Group's top-left corner instead of the screen's top-left corner. This way, if you reposition the group at runtime, the relative positions of all Controls in the group will be maintained.

As an example, it's very easy to center multiple Controls on-screen.

/* Center multiple Controls on the screen using Groups */// JavaScriptfunction OnGUI () {// Make a group on the center of the screenGUI.BeginGroup (Rect (Screen.width / 2 - 50, Screen.height / 2 - 50, 100, 100));// All rectangles are now adjusted to the group. (0,0) is the topleft corner of the group.// We'll make a box so you can see where the group is on-screen.GUI.Box (Rect (0,0,100,100), "Group is here");GUI.Button (Rect (10,40,80,30), "Click me");// End the group we started above. This is very important to remember!GUI.EndGroup ();}// C#using UnityEngine;using System.Collections;public class GUITest : MonoBehaviour {void OnGUI () {// Make a group on the center of the screenGUI.BeginGroup (new Rect (Screen.width / 2 - 50, Screen.height / 2 - 50, 100, 100));// All rectangles are now adjusted to the group. (0,0) is the topleft corner of the group.// We'll make a box so you can see where the group is on-screen.GUI.Box (new Rect (0,0,100,100), "Group is here");GUI.Button (new Rect (10,40,80,30), "Click me");// End the group we started above. This is very important to remember!GUI.EndGroup ();}}

The above example centers controls regardless of the screen resolution

You can also nest multiple Groups inside each other. When you do this, each group has its contents clipped to its parent's space.

/* Using multiple Groups to clip the displayed Contents */// JavaScriptvar bgImage : Texture2D; // background image that is 256 x 32var fgImage : Texture2D; // foreground image that is 256 x 32var playerEnergy = 1.0; // a float between 0.0 and 1.0function OnGUI () {// Create one Group to contain both images// Adjust the first 2 coordinates to place it somewhere else on-screenGUI.BeginGroup (Rect (0,0,256,32));// Draw the background imageGUI.Box (Rect (0,0,256,32), bgImage);// Create a second Group which will be clipped// We want to clip the image and not scale it, which is why we need the second GroupGUI.BeginGroup (Rect (0,0,playerEnergy * 256, 32));// Draw the foreground imageGUI.Box (Rect (0,0,256,32), fgImage);// End both GroupsGUI.EndGroup ();GUI.EndGroup ();}// C#using UnityEngine;using System.Collections;public class GUITest : MonoBehaviour {// background image that is 256 x 32public Texture2D bgImage; // foreground image that is 256 x 32public Texture2D fgImage; // a float between 0.0 and 1.0public float playerEnergy = 1.0f; void OnGUI () {// Create one Group to contain both images// Adjust the first 2 coordinates to place it somewhere else on-screenGUI.BeginGroup (new Rect (0,0,256,32));// Draw the background imageGUI.Box (new Rect (0,0,256,32), bgImage);// Create a second Group which will be clipped// We want to clip the image and not scale it, which is why we need the second GroupGUI.BeginGroup (new Rect (0,0,playerEnergy * 256, 32));// Draw the foreground imageGUI.Box (new Rect (0,0,256,32), fgImage);// End both GroupsGUI.EndGroup ();GUI.EndGroup ();}}

You can nest Groups together to create clipping behaviors

Automatic Layout - Areas

Areas are used in Automatic Layout mode only. They are similar to Fixed Layout Groups in functionality, as they define a finite portion of the screen to contain GUILayout Controls. Because of the nature of Automatic Layout, you will nearly always use Areas.

In Automatic Layout mode, you do not define the area of the screen where the Control will be drawn at the Control level. The Control will automatically be placed at the upper-leftmost point of its containing area. This might be the screen. You can also create manually-positioned Areas. GUILayout Controls inside an area will be placed at the upper-leftmost point of that area.

/* A button placed in no area, and a button placed in an area halfway across the screen. */// JavaScriptfunction OnGUI () {GUILayout.Button ("I am not inside an Area");GUILayout.BeginArea (Rect (Screen.width/2, Screen.height/2, 300, 300));GUILayout.Button ("I am completely inside an Area");GUILayout.EndArea ();}// C#using UnityEngine;using System.Collections;public class GUITest : MonoBehaviour {void OnGUI () {GUILayout.Button ("I am not inside an Area");GUILayout.BeginArea (new Rect (Screen.width/2, Screen.height/2, 300, 300));GUILayout.Button ("I am completely inside an Area");GUILayout.EndArea ();}}

Notice that inside an Area, Controls with visible elements like Buttons and Boxes will stretch their width to the full length of the Area.

Automatic Layout - Horizontal and Vertical Groups

When using Automatic Layout, Controls will by default appear one after another from top to bottom. There are plenty of occasions you will want finer level of control over where your Controls are placed and how they are arranged. If you are using the Automatic Layout mode, you have the option of Horizontal and Vertical Groups.

Like the other layout Controls, you call separate functions to start or end these groups. The specific functions are GUILayout.BeginHoriztontal(), GUILayout.EndHorizontal(), GUILayout.BeginVertical(), andGUILayout.EndVertical().

Any Controls inside a Horizontal Group will always be laid out horizontally. Any Controls inside a Vertical Group will always be laid out vertically. This sounds plain until you start nesting groups inside each other. This allows you to arrange any number of controls in any imaginable configuration.

/* Using nested Horizontal and Vertical Groups */// JavaScriptvar sliderValue = 1.0;var maxSliderValue = 10.0;function OnGUI(){// Wrap everything in the designated GUI AreaGUILayout.BeginArea (Rect (0,0,200,60));// Begin the singular Horizontal GroupGUILayout.BeginHorizontal();// Place a Button normallyif (GUILayout.RepeatButton ("Increase max\nSlider Value")){maxSliderValue += 3.0 * Time.deltaTime;}// Arrange two more Controls vertically beside the ButtonGUILayout.BeginVertical();GUILayout.Box("Slider Value: " + Mathf.Round(sliderValue));sliderValue = GUILayout.HorizontalSlider (sliderValue, 0.0, maxSliderValue);// End the Groups and AreaGUILayout.EndVertical();GUILayout.EndHorizontal();GUILayout.EndArea();}// C#using UnityEngine;using System.Collections;public class GUITest : MonoBehaviour {private float sliderValue = 1.0f;private float maxSliderValue = 10.0f;void OnGUI(){// Wrap everything in the designated GUI AreaGUILayout.BeginArea (new Rect (0,0,200,60));// Begin the singular Horizontal GroupGUILayout.BeginHorizontal();// Place a Button normallyif (GUILayout.RepeatButton ("Increase max\nSlider Value")){maxSliderValue += 3.0f * Time.deltaTime;}// Arrange two more Controls vertically beside the ButtonGUILayout.BeginVertical();GUILayout.Box("Slider Value: " + Mathf.Round(sliderValue));sliderValue = GUILayout.HorizontalSlider (sliderValue, 0.0f, maxSliderValue);// End the Groups and AreaGUILayout.EndVertical();GUILayout.EndHorizontal();GUILayout.EndArea();}}

Three Controls arranged with Horizontal & Vertical Groups

Using GUILayoutOptions to define some controls

You can use GUILayoutOptions to override some of the Automatic Layout parameters. You do this by providing the options as the final parameters of the GUILayout Control.

Remember in the Areas example above, where the button stretches its width to 100% of the Area width? We can override that if we want to.

/* Using GUILayoutOptions to override Automatic Layout Control properties *///JavaScriptfunction OnGUI () {GUILayout.BeginArea (Rect (100, 50, Screen.width-200, Screen.height-100));GUILayout.Button ("I am a regular Automatic Layout Button");GUILayout.Button ("My width has been overridden", GUILayout.Width (95));GUILayout.EndArea ();}// C#using UnityEngine;using System.Collections;public class GUITest : MonoBehaviour {void OnGUI () {GUILayout.BeginArea (new Rect (100, 50, Screen.width-200, Screen.height-100));GUILayout.Button ("I am a regular Automatic Layout Button");GUILayout.Button ("My width has been overridden", GUILayout.Width (95));GUILayout.EndArea ();}}

For a full list of possible GUILayoutOptions, please read the GUILayoutOption Scripting Reference page.