使用python输出pdf

第一种：直接输出PDF——使用reportlab库
在https://www.reportlab.com/software/installation/上面有完整的说明
首先，下载和安装python，推荐2.5/2.6/2.7
然后下载和安装Python Image Library——http://www.pythonware.com/products/pil/，以便在PDF中使用bitmap格式的图片
当然，主要的工具包当然是必不可少的——https://www.reportlab.com/ftp/reportlab-2.5.win32-py2.7.exe    #后面的py2.7改成自己的版本
如果想用到RML和PageCatcher，还得下载ReportLab PLUS，不过这是收费的
如果在pythonXX文件夹下有这样的路径Lib\site-packages\reportlab，就说明装好了


https://www.reportlab.com/software/documentation/这个链接下有相关的文档支持


下面是一个简单的生成pdf的例子
from reportlab.pdfgen import canvas
def hello(c):
    c.drawString(100, 100, "Hello Wolrd")
c = canvas.Canvas("Hello.pdf")
hello(c)
c.showPage()
c.save()

第二种：word转PDF
//第一步word转txt

如果你是在Windows下， 直接使用win32com就可以进行读取word.doc文档和写入文档了。 

但是在Linux下还真是麻烦， 一种方法是用OpenOffice的一个库来进行操作，那么意味这你要安装慢得要死的OpenOffice., 详细见下面的网址：

http://www.freewisdom.org/projects/python-markdown/odt2txt
我是使用catdoc将word文档转换为txt文档， 然后用Python读取txt文档，存入数据库
catdoc的下载地址是：
http://vitus.wagner.pp.ru/software/catdoc/

当然，如果使用Ubuntu, 直接apt-get就可以安装了
sudo apt-get install catdoc
然后就可以进行操作了，以下是代码：
import os
doc_file = 'a.doc'
text_file = '%s.text' % doc_file
os.system("cat doc %s > %s" % (doc_file, text_file)
f = open(text_file, 'r')
content = f.read()

os.system('rm %s' % text_file)

//然后TXT转pdf
下面是来自Activestate的一段代码：

## {{{ http://code.activestate.com/recipes/189858/ (r8)""" pyText2Pdf - Python script to convert plain text files into Adobe Acrobat PDF files. Version 1.2 Author: Anand B Pillai <abpillai at lycos dot com> Keywords: python, tools, converter, pdf, text2pdf, adobe, acrobat,           processing. Copyright (C) 2003-2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. This file is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for more details.     You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.     Commentary: Modification History: Mon Feb 17 12:20:13 2003 Changed option parsing algorithm to use                          getopt. Use __main__ calling convention.                          Bug in FF character fixed. Thu Apr 10 11:26:58 2003 Modified to use python style strings                          and function objects. July 1 2003              Fixed help string errors. Added the                          Creator property. Feb 25 2004              Rewrote argument parser to remove                          duplicate code.Use string.join() instead                          of concatenation. Modified sys.exit()                          calls to print messages.    Code:"""# http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/189858import sys, osimport stringimport timeimport getoptLF_EXTRA=0LINE_END='\015'# form feed character (^L)FF=chr(12)ENCODING_STR = """\/Encoding <</Differences [ 0 /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /space /exclam/quotedbl /numbersign /dollar /percent /ampersand/quoteright /parenleft /parenright /asterisk /plus /comma/hyphen /period /slash /zero /one /two /three /four /five/six /seven /eight /nine /colon /semicolon /less /equal/greater /question /at /A /B /C /D /E /F /G /H /I /J /K /L/M /N /O /P /Q /R /S /T /U /V /W /X /Y /Z /bracketleft/backslash /bracketright /asciicircum /underscore/quoteleft /a /b /c /d /e /f /g /h /i /j /k /l /m /n /o /p/q /r /s /t /u /v /w /x /y /z /braceleft /bar /braceright/asciitilde /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef/dotlessi /grave /acute /circumflex /tilde /macron /breve/dotaccent /dieresis /.notdef /ring /cedilla /.notdef/hungarumlaut /ogonek /caron /space /exclamdown /cent/sterling /currency /yen /brokenbar /section /dieresis/copyright /ordfeminine /guillemotleft /logicalnot /hyphen/registered /macron /degree /plusminus /twosuperior/threesuperior /acute /mu /paragraph /periodcentered/cedilla /onesuperior /ordmasculine /guillemotright/onequarter /onehalf /threequarters /questiondown /Agrave/Aacute /Acircumflex /Atilde /Adieresis /Aring /AE/Ccedilla /Egrave /Eacute /Ecircumflex /Edieresis /Igrave/Iacute /Icircumflex /Idieresis /Eth /Ntilde /Ograve/Oacute /Ocircumflex /Otilde /Odieresis /multiply /Oslash/Ugrave /Uacute /Ucircumflex /Udieresis /Yacute /Thorn/germandbls /agrave /aacute /acircumflex /atilde /adieresis/aring /ae /ccedilla /egrave /eacute /ecircumflex/edieresis /igrave /iacute /icircumflex /idieresis /eth/ntilde /ograve /oacute /ocircumflex /otilde /odieresis/divide /oslash /ugrave /uacute /ucircumflex /udieresis/yacute /thorn /ydieresis ]>>"""PROG_HELP = """\%(progname)s  [options] [filename]%(progname)s  makes a 7-bit clean PDF file from any input file.It reads from a named file, and writes the PDF file to a file specified by the user, otherwise to a file with '.pdf' appended to the input file.Author: Anand B Pillai.Copyright (C) 2003-2004 Free Software Foundation, http://www.fsf.orgThere are various options as follows:  -h\t\tshow this message\n  -o/-O\t\tdirect output to this file  -f<font>\tuse PostScript <font> (must be in standard 14, default: Courier)  -I\t\tuse ISOLatin1Encoding  -s<size>\tuse font at given pointsize (default 10) points\n  -v<dist>\tuse given line spacing (default 12) points  -l<lines>\tlines per page (default 60, determined automatically\n\t\tif unspecified)  -c<chars>\tmaximum characters per line (default 80)  -t<spaces>\tspaces per tab character (default 4)  -F\t\tignore formfeed characters (^L)    \t\t(i.e, accept formfeed characters as pagebreaks)\n  -A4\t\tuse A4 paper (default Letter)  -A3\t\tuse A3 paper (default Letter)  -x<width>\tindependent paper width in points  -y<height>\tindependent paper height in points  -2\t\tformat in 2 columns  -L\t\tlandscape modeNote that where one variable is implied by two options, the second optiontakes precedence for that variable. (e.g. -A4 -y500)In landscape mode, page width and height are simply swapped over beforeformatting, no matter how or when they were defined."""class pyText2Pdf:    def __init__(self):        # version number        self._version="1.1.1"        # iso encoding flag        self._IsoEnc=0        # formfeeds flag        self._doFFs=0        self._progname="PyText2Pdf"        self._appname = "".join((self._progname, " Version ", str(self._version)))        # default font        self._font="/Courier"        # default font size        self._ptSize=10        # default vert space        self._vertSpace=12        self._lines=0        # number of characters in a row        self._cols=80        self._columns=1        # page ht        self._pageHt=792        # page wd        self._pageWd=612        # input file         self._ifile=""        # output file         self._ofile=""        # default tab width        self._tab=4        # input file descriptor        self._ifs=None        # output file descriptor        self._ofs=None        # landscape flag        self._landscape=0        # marker objects        self._curobj = 5        self._pageObs = [0]        self._locations = [0,0,0,0,0,0]        self._pageNo=0        # file position marker        self._fpos=0    def argsCallBack(self, argslist, listoftuples=False):        """ Callback function called by argument parser.        Helps to remove duplicate code """        x = 0        while x<len(argslist):            item = argslist[x]            if listoftuples:                o, a = item            else:                o = item            if o == '-h':                self.ShowHelp()            elif o == '-I':                self._IsoEnc=1            elif o == '-F':                self._doFFs=1            elif o == '-2':                self._columns=2            elif o == '-L':                self._landscape=1                                if o in ('-f', '-s', '-l', '-x', 'y', '-c', '-v', '-o', '-O'):                                if not listoftuples:                    x += 1                    try:                        a = argslist[x]                    except:                        msg = "Argument error for option " + o                        sys.exit(msg)                if a == "" or a[0] == "-":                    msg = "Error: argument error for option " + o                    sys.exit(msg)                elif o == '-f':                    self._font='/' + a                elif o == '-A':                    if a == '3':                        self._pageWd=842                        self._pageHt=1190                    elif a =='4':                        self._pageWd=595                        self._pageHt=842                    else:                        psz=o[1]+a                        print self._progname, ': ignoring unknown paper size ', psz                elif o == '-s':                    self._ptSize=int(a)                    if self._ptSize<1:                        self._ptSize=1                elif o == '-v':                    self._vertSpace=int(a)                    if self._vertSpace<1:                        self._vertSpace=1                       elif o == '-l':                    self._lines=int(a)                    if self._lines<1:                        self._lines=1                elif o == '-c':                    self._cols=int(a)                    if self._cols<4:                        self._cols=4                elif o == '-t':                    self._tab=int(a)                    if self._tab<1:                        self._tab=1                elif o == '-x':                    self._pageWd=int(a)                    if self._pageWd<72:                        self._pageWd=72                elif o == '-y':                    self._pageHt=int(a)                    if self._pageHt<72:                        self._pageHt=72                elif o in ('-o', '-O'):                    self._ofile=a                else:                    print self._progname, ': ignoring invalid switch: ', o            x += 1            def parseArgs(self):        if len(sys.argv) == 1:            self.ShowHelp()        arguments=sys.argv[1:]                optlist, args = getopt.getopt(arguments, 'hIF2Lf:A:s:v:l:c:t:x:y:o:')                # input file is the first element in arg list        # or last element in options list (in case of an error!)        if len(args):            self._ifile=args[0]        else:            l=len(optlist)            tup=optlist[l-1]        # parse options list        if len(optlist):            self.argsCallBack( optlist, listoftuples=True )        else:            self.argsCallBack( args )        if self._landscape:            print 'Landscape option on...'        if self._columns==2:            print 'Printing in two columns...'        if self._doFFs:            print 'Ignoring form feed character...'        if self._IsoEnc:            print 'Using ISO Latin Encoding...'        print 'Using font', self._font[1:], ' size =', self._ptSize                def writestr(self, str):        """ Write string to output file descriptor.        All output operations go through this function.        We keep the current file position also here"""        # update current file position        self._fpos += len(str)        for x in range(0, len(str)):            if str[x] == '\n':                self._fpos += LF_EXTRA        try:            self._ofs.write(str)        except IOError, e:            print e            return -1        return 0                def Convert(self):        """ Perform the actual conversion """            if self._landscape:            # swap page width & height            tmp = self._pageHt            self._pageHt = self._pageWd            self._pageWd = tmp        if self._lines==0:            self._lines = (self._pageHt - 72)/self._vertSpace        if self._lines < 1:            self._lines=1                try:            self._ifs=open(self._ifile)        except IOError, (strerror, errno):            print 'Error: Could not open file to read --->', self._ifile            sys.exit(3)        if self._ofile=="":            self._ofile=self._ifile + '.pdf'        try:            self._ofs = open(self._ofile, 'wb')        except IOError, (strerror, errno):            print 'Error: Could not open file to write --->', self._ofile            sys.exit(3)        print 'Input file =>', self._ifile        print 'Writing pdf file', self._ofile, '...'        self.WriteHeader(self._ifile)        self.WritePages()        self.WriteRest()        print 'Wrote file', self._ofile        self._ifs.close()        self._ofs.close()        return 0    def WriteHeader(self, title):        """Write the PDF header"""        ws = self.writestr        t=time.localtime()        timestr=str(time.strftime("D:%Y%m%d%H%M%S", t))        ws("%PDF-1.4\n")        self._locations[1] = self._fpos        ws("1 0 obj\n")        ws("<<\n")        buf = "".join(("/Creator (", self._appname, " By Anand B Pillai )\n"))        ws(buf)        buf = "".join(("/CreationDate (", timestr, ")\n"))        ws(buf)        buf = "".join(("/Producer (", self._appname, "(\\251 Free Software Foundation, 2004))\n"))        ws(buf)                if title:            buf = "".join(("/Title (", title, ")\n"))            ws(buf)        ws(">>\n")        ws("endobj\n")            self._locations[2] = self._fpos        ws("2 0 obj\n")        ws("<<\n")        ws("/Type /Catalog\n")        ws("/Pages 3 0 R\n")        ws(">>\n")        ws("endobj\n")                self._locations[4] = self._fpos        ws("4 0 obj\n")        ws("<<\n")        buf = "".join(("/BaseFont ", str(self._font), " /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /Name /F1 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font >>\n"))        ws(buf)            if self._IsoEnc:            ws(ENCODING_STR)                    ws(">>\n")        ws("endobj\n")                self._locations[5] = self._fpos                ws("5 0 obj\n")        ws("<<\n")        ws("  /Font << /F1 4 0 R >>\n")        ws("  /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ]\n")        ws(">>\n")        ws("endobj\n")        def StartPage(self):        """ Start a page of data """        ws = self.writestr                self._pageNo += 1        self._curobj += 1        self._locations.append(self._fpos)        self._locations[self._curobj]=self._fpos            self._pageObs.append(self._curobj)        self._pageObs[self._pageNo] = self._curobj                buf = "".join((str(self._curobj), " 0 obj\n"))        ws(buf)        ws("<<\n")        ws("/Type /Page\n")        ws("/Parent 3 0 R\n")        ws("/Resources 5 0 R\n")        self._curobj += 1        buf = "".join(("/Contents ", str(self._curobj), " 0 R\n"))        ws(buf)        ws(">>\n")        ws("endobj\n")                self._locations.append(self._fpos)        self._locations[self._curobj] = self._fpos        buf = "".join((str(self._curobj), " 0 obj\n"))        ws(buf)        ws("<<\n")                buf = "".join(("/Length ", str(self._curobj + 1), " 0 R\n"))        ws(buf)        ws(">>\n")        ws("stream\n")        strmPos = self._fpos            ws("BT\n");        buf = "".join(("/F1 ", str(self._ptSize), " Tf\n"))        ws(buf)        buf = "".join(("1 0 0 1 50 ", str(self._pageHt - 40), " Tm\n"))        ws(buf)        buf = "".join((str(self._vertSpace), " TL\n"))        ws(buf)            return strmPos    def EndPage(self, streamStart):        """End a page of data """                ws = self.writestr        ws("ET\n")        streamEnd = self._fpos        ws("endstream\n")        ws("endobj\n")            self._curobj += 1        self._locations.append(self._fpos)        self._locations[self._curobj] = self._fpos            buf = "".join((str(self._curobj), " 0 obj\n"))        ws(buf)        buf = "".join((str(streamEnd - streamStart), '\n'))        ws(buf)        ws('endobj\n')        def WritePages(self):        """Write pages as PDF"""                ws = self.writestr        beginstream=0        lineNo, charNo=0,0        ch, column=0,0        padding,i=0,0        atEOF=0                while not atEOF:            beginstream = self.StartPage()            column=1                        while column <= self._columns:                column += 1                atFF=0                atBOP=0                lineNo=0                            while lineNo < self._lines and not atFF and not atEOF:                                        lineNo += 1                    ws("(")                    charNo=0                                        while charNo < self._cols:                        charNo += 1                        ch = self._ifs.read(1)                        cond = ((ch != '\n') and not(ch==FF and self._doFFs) and (ch != ''))                        if not cond:                            break                        if ord(ch) >= 32 and ord(ch) <= 127:                            if ch == '(' or ch == ')' or ch == '\\':                                ws("\\")                            ws(ch)                        else:                            if ord(ch) == 9:                                padding =self._tab - ((charNo - 1) % self._tab)                                for i in range(padding):                                    ws(" ")                                charNo += (padding -1)                            else:                                if ch != FF:                                    # write \xxx form for dodgy character                                    buf = "".join(('\\', ch))                                    ws(buf)                                else:                                    # dont print anything for a FF                                    charNo -= 1                    ws(")'\n")                    if ch == FF:                        atFF=1                    if lineNo == self._lines:                        atBOP=1                                            if atBOP:                        pos=0                        ch = self._ifs.read(1)                        pos= self._ifs.tell()                        if ch == FF:                            ch = self._ifs.read(1)                            pos=self._ifs.tell()                        # python's EOF signature                        if ch == '':                            atEOF=1                        else:                            # push position back by one char                            self._ifs.seek(pos-1)                    elif atFF:                        ch = self._ifs.read(1)                        pos=self._ifs.tell()                        if ch == '':                            atEOF=1                        else:                            self._ifs.seek(pos-1)                if column < self._columns:                    buf = "".join(("1 0 0 1 ",                                   str((self._pageWd/2 + 25)),                                   " ",                                   str(self._pageHt - 40),                                   " Tm\n"))                    ws(buf)            self.EndPage(beginstream)    def WriteRest(self):        """Finish the file"""        ws = self.writestr        self._locations[3] = self._fpos            ws("3 0 obj\n")        ws("<<\n")        ws("/Type /Pages\n")        buf = "".join(("/Count ", str(self._pageNo), "\n"))        ws(buf)        buf = "".join(("/MediaBox [ 0 0 ", str(self._pageWd), " ", str(self._pageHt), " ]\n"))        ws(buf)        ws("/Kids [ ")            for i in range(1, self._pageNo+1):            buf = "".join((str(self._pageObs[i]), " 0 R "))            ws(buf)        ws("]\n")        ws(">>\n")        ws("endobj\n")                xref = self._fpos        ws("xref\n")        buf = "".join(("0 ", str((self._curobj) + 1), "\n"))        ws(buf)        buf = "".join(("0000000000 65535 f ", str(LINE_END)))        ws(buf)        for i in range(1, self._curobj + 1):            val = self._locations[i]            buf = "".join((string.zfill(str(val), 10), " 00000 n ", str(LINE_END)))            ws(buf)        ws("trailer\n")        ws("<<\n")        buf = "".join(("/Size ", str(self._curobj + 1), "\n"))        ws(buf)        ws("/Root 2 0 R\n")        ws("/Info 1 0 R\n")        ws(">>\n")                ws("startxref\n")        buf = "".join((str(xref), "\n"))        ws(buf)        ws("%%EOF\n")            def ShowHelp(self):        """Show help on this program"""                sys.exit( PROG_HELP % {'progname': self._progname} )def main():        pdfclass=pyText2Pdf()    pdfclass.parseArgs()    pdfclass.Convert()if __name__ == "__main__":    main()## end of http://code.activestate.com/recipes/189858/ }}}

遇到的一些问题：

使用pywin32:

当找不到指定模块时，即import的模块找不到时，使用下列语句

import pywintypes   #import pythoncom # Uncomment this if some other DLL load will fail

python2.7下找不到win32ui，换python2.6试一下