(3)Spring的三种实例 bean 的方式 以及 Spring中bean的作用域。 以及 bean的生命周期

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第一种:

1.使用类构造器实例化

 <bean id="personService" class="cn.itm.service.impl.PersonServiceBean"></bean>

import cn.itm.service.PersonService;public class PersonServiceBean implements PersonService{public void save(){System.out.println("我是 save() 方法");}}


public class SpringTest {@BeforeClasspublic static void setUpBeforeClass() throws Exception {}// 专门用来实例化  Spring 容器的。@Test public void instanceSpring(){// 在类路径下,寻找配置文件来实例化容器。ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");// 填写 bean的名称,也就是 id属性的值:personService。获取后,就可以通过   接口  引用。PersonService personService = (PersonService) ctx.getBean("personService");//调用  业务方法:personService.save();}}

第二种:

2.使用静态工厂方法实例化  

<bean id="personService2" class="cn.itm.service.impl.PersonServiceBeanFactory"
                    factory-method="createPersonServiceBean"></bean>

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    public staticPersonServiceBean createPersonServiceBean(){
        return new PersonServiceBean();
    }

package cn.itm.service.impl;public class PersonServiceBeanFactory {// 新建一个工厂方法,这个工厂方法用来创建一个bean对象。/** *  PersonServiceBean 使用 PersonServiceBeanFactory的createPersonServiceBean()创建的。 *  */public static PersonServiceBean createPersonServiceBean(){return new PersonServiceBean();}}

public class SpringTest {@BeforeClasspublic static void setUpBeforeClass() throws Exception {}// 专门用来实例化  Spring 容器的。@Test public void instanceSpring(){// 在类路径下,寻找配置文件来实例化容器。ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");// 填写 bean的名称,也就是 id属性的值:personService。获取后,就可以通过   接口  引用。PersonService personService = (PersonService) ctx.getBean("personService2");//调用  业务方法:personService.save();}}


第三种:使用实例工厂方法实例化:


           <bean id="personServiceFactory" class="cn.itm.service.impl.PersonServiceBeanFactory" ></bean>
           <bean id="personService3" factory-bean="personServiceFactory"
                           factory-method="createPersonServiceBean"></bean>


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">                                            <bean id="personServiceFactory" class="cn.itm.service.impl.PersonServiceBeanFactory" ></bean>           <bean id="personService3" factory-bean="personServiceFactory"            factory-method="createPersonServiceBean"></bean>           </beans>

相比第二种:把 static 关键字去掉了。


package cn.itm.service.impl;public class PersonServiceBeanFactory {public PersonServiceBean createPersonServiceBean(){return new PersonServiceBean();}}

public class SpringTest {@BeforeClasspublic static void setUpBeforeClass() throws Exception {}// 专门用来实例化  Spring 容器的。@Test public void instanceSpring(){// 在类路径下,寻找配置文件来实例化容器。ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");// 填写 bean的名称,也就是 id属性的值:personService。获取后,就可以通过   接口  引用。PersonService personService = (PersonService) ctx.getBean("personService3");//调用  业务方法:personService.save();}}





Spring中  bean的作用域:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">                                            <bean id="personServiceFactory" class="cn.itm.service.impl.PersonServiceBeanFactory" ></bean>           <bean id="personService3" factory-bean="personServiceFactory"            factory-method="createPersonServiceBean" ></bean>           </beans>

public class SpringTest {@BeforeClasspublic static void setUpBeforeClass() throws Exception {}// 专门用来实例化  Spring 容器的。@Test public void instanceSpring(){// 在类路径下,寻找配置文件来实例化容器。ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");// 填写 bean的名称,也就是 id属性的值:personService。获取后,就可以通过   接口  引用。PersonService personService1 = (PersonService) ctx.getBean("personService3");PersonService personService2 = (PersonService) ctx.getBean("personService3");System.out.println( personService1 == personService2);}}

打印结果:true。


<bean id="personServiceFactory" class="cn.itm.service.impl.PersonServiceBeanFactory" ></bean>
           <bean id="personService3" factory-bean="personServiceFactory"
                           factory-method="createPersonServiceBean" scope="prototype"></bean>

public class SpringTest {@BeforeClasspublic static void setUpBeforeClass() throws Exception {}// 专门用来实例化  Spring 容器的。@Test public void instanceSpring(){// 在类路径下,寻找配置文件来实例化容器。ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");// 填写 bean的名称,也就是 id属性的值:personService。获取后,就可以通过   接口  引用。PersonService personService1 = (PersonService) ctx.getBean("personService3");PersonService personService2 = (PersonService) ctx.getBean("personService3");System.out.println( personService1 == personService2);}}

打印结果:false。


【1】singleton

 在每个Spring IoC容器中一个bean定义只有一个对象实例。

默认情况下会在容器启动时初始化bean,但我们可以指定Bean节点的lazy-init=“true”来延迟初始化bean,这时候,只有第一次获取bean会才初始化bean。如:
 <bean id="xxx" class="cn.itcast.OrderServiceBean" lazy-init="true"/>
如果想对所有bean都应用延迟初始化,可以在根节点beans设置default-lazy-init=“true“,如下:
<beans default-lazy-init="true“ ...>


【2】prototype
 每次从容器获取bean都是新的对象。


生命周期的测试:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">                      <!-- 在容器实例化的时候,就会对bean进行实例化。。而加入  scope="prototype" 时,是在调用getBean方法的时候,实例化的 -->           <bean id="personService" class="cn.itm.service.impl.PersonServiceBean"></bean>               </beans>

import cn.itm.service.PersonService;public class PersonServiceBean implements PersonService{public PersonServiceBean(){System.out.println("我被实例化了");}public void save(){System.out.println("我是 save() 方法");}}

测试类:

public class SpringTest {@BeforeClasspublic static void setUpBeforeClass() throws Exception {}// 专门用来实例化  Spring 容器的。@Test public void instanceSpring(){// 在类路径下,寻找配置文件来实例化容器。ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");//PersonService personService1 = (PersonService) ctx.getBean("personService3");}}

打印结果:我被实例化了。


在每个Spring IoC容器中一个bean定义只有一个对象实例。

       默认情况下会在容器启动时初始化bean,但我们可以指定Bean节点的lazy-init=“true”来延迟初始化bean,这时候,只有第一次获取bean会才初始化bean。如:
 <bean id="xxx" class="cn.itcast.OrderServiceBean" lazy-init="true"/>

        如果想对所有bean都应用延迟初始化,可以在根节点beans设置default-lazy-init=“true“,如下:
<beans default-lazy-init="true“ ...>







指定Bean的初始化方法和销毁方法
    <bean id="xxx" class="cn.itcast.OrderServiceBean" init-method="init"

             destroy-method="close"/>


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">                      <bean id="personService" class="cn.itm.service.impl.PersonServiceBean"            lazy-init="false" destroy-method="destory"></bean>               </beans>

package cn.itm.service.impl;import cn.itm.service.PersonService;public class PersonServiceBean implements PersonService{public PersonServiceBean(){System.out.println("我被实例化了");}public void save(){System.out.println("我是 save() 方法");}public void destory(){System.out.println("关闭");}}

AbstractApplicationContext

public class SpringTest {@BeforeClasspublic static void setUpBeforeClass() throws Exception {}// 专门用来实例化  Spring 容器的。@Test public void instanceSpring(){AbstractApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");ctx.close();}}



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