Linux Slab分配器(三)--创建缓存

水平有限，描述不当之处还请之处，转载请注明出处http://blog.csdn.net/vanbreaker/article/details/7670272     

      创建新的缓存必须通过kmem_cache_create()函数来完成，原型如下

struct kmem_cache *kmem_cache_create (const char *name, size_t size, size_t align,unsigned long flags, void (*ctor)(void *))

• name:所创建的新缓存的名字
• size :缓存所分配对象的大小
• align:对象的对齐值
• flags:创建用的标识
• ctor:创建对象时的构造函数

kmem_cache_create()的实际工作就是为新的缓存申请缓存描述符，array_cache描述符和kmem_list3描述符，并根据接收的参数对这三个结构中的变量进行相应的初始化。新创建的缓存是空的，不包含slab。

struct kmem_cache *kmem_cache_create (const char *name, size_t size, size_t align,unsigned long flags, void (*ctor)(void *)){size_t left_over, slab_size, ralign;struct kmem_cache *cachep = NULL, *pc;gfp_t gfp;/* * Sanity checks... these are all serious usage bugs. */ /*做一些必要的检查，以下情况都是不合法的:   1.缓存名为空   2.处于中断环境中   3.缓存中的对象大小小于处理器的字长   4.缓存中的对象大小大于普通缓存的最大长度*/if (!name || in_interrupt() || (size < BYTES_PER_WORD) ||    size > KMALLOC_MAX_SIZE) {printk(KERN_ERR "%s: Early error in slab %s\n", __func__,name);BUG();}/* * We use cache_chain_mutex to ensure a consistent view of * cpu_online_mask as well.  Please see cpuup_callback */if (slab_is_available()) {get_online_cpus();mutex_lock(&cache_chain_mutex);}list_for_each_entry(pc, &cache_chain, next) {char tmp;int res;/* * This happens when the module gets unloaded and doesn't * destroy its slab cache and no-one else reuses the vmalloc * area of the module.  Print a warning. */res = probe_kernel_address(pc->name, tmp);if (res) {printk(KERN_ERR       "SLAB: cache with size %d has lost its name\n",       pc->buffer_size);continue;}if (!strcmp(pc->name, name)) {printk(KERN_ERR       "kmem_cache_create: duplicate cache %s\n", name);dump_stack();goto oops;}}#if DEBUGWARN_ON(strchr(name, ' '));/* It confuses parsers */#if FORCED_DEBUG/* * Enable redzoning and last user accounting, except for caches with * large objects, if the increased size would increase the object size * above the next power of two: caches with object sizes just above a * power of two have a significant amount of internal fragmentation. */if (size < 4096 || fls(size - 1) == fls(size-1 + REDZONE_ALIGN +2 * sizeof(unsigned long long)))flags |= SLAB_RED_ZONE | SLAB_STORE_USER;if (!(flags & SLAB_DESTROY_BY_RCU))flags |= SLAB_POISON;#endifif (flags & SLAB_DESTROY_BY_RCU)BUG_ON(flags & SLAB_POISON);#endif/* * Always checks flags, a caller might be expecting debug support which * isn't available. */BUG_ON(flags & ~CREATE_MASK);/* * Check that size is in terms of words.  This is needed to avoid * unaligned accesses for some archs when redzoning is used, and makes * sure any on-slab bufctl's are also correctly aligned. */ /*如果缓存对象大小没有对齐到处理器字长，则对齐之*/if (size & (BYTES_PER_WORD - 1)) {size += (BYTES_PER_WORD - 1);size &= ~(BYTES_PER_WORD - 1);}/* calculate the final buffer alignment: *//* 1) arch recommendation: can be overridden for debug *//*要求按照体系结构对齐*/if (flags & SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN) {/* * Default alignment: as specified by the arch code.  Except if * an object is really small, then squeeze multiple objects into * one cacheline. */ralign = cache_line_size();/*对齐值取L1缓存行的大小*//*如果对象大小足够小，则不断压缩对齐值以保证能将足够多的对象装入一个缓存行*/while (size <= ralign / 2)ralign /= 2;} else {ralign = BYTES_PER_WORD; /*对齐值取处理器字长*/}/* * Redzoning and user store require word alignment or possibly larger. * Note this will be overridden by architecture or caller mandated * alignment if either is greater than BYTES_PER_WORD. */ /*如果开启了DEBUG，则按需要进行相应的对齐*/if (flags & SLAB_STORE_USER)ralign = BYTES_PER_WORD;if (flags & SLAB_RED_ZONE) {ralign = REDZONE_ALIGN;/* If redzoning, ensure that the second redzone is suitably * aligned, by adjusting the object size accordingly. */size += REDZONE_ALIGN - 1;size &= ~(REDZONE_ALIGN - 1);}/* 2) arch mandated alignment */if (ralign < ARCH_SLAB_MINALIGN) {ralign = ARCH_SLAB_MINALIGN;}/* 3) caller mandated alignment */if (ralign < align) {ralign = align;}/* disable debug if necessary */if (ralign > __alignof__(unsigned long long))flags &= ~(SLAB_RED_ZONE | SLAB_STORE_USER);/* * 4) Store it. */align = ralign;if (slab_is_available())gfp = GFP_KERNEL;elsegfp = GFP_NOWAIT;/* Get cache's description obj. *//*从cache_cache中分配一个高速缓存描述符*/cachep = kmem_cache_zalloc(&cache_cache, gfp);if (!cachep)goto oops;#if DEBUGcachep->obj_size = size;/* * Both debugging options require word-alignment which is calculated * into align above. */if (flags & SLAB_RED_ZONE) {/* add space for red zone words */cachep->obj_offset += sizeof(unsigned long long);size += 2 * sizeof(unsigned long long);}if (flags & SLAB_STORE_USER) {/* user store requires one word storage behind the end of * the real object. But if the second red zone needs to be * aligned to 64 bits, we must allow that much space. */if (flags & SLAB_RED_ZONE)size += REDZONE_ALIGN;elsesize += BYTES_PER_WORD;}#if FORCED_DEBUG && defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC)if (size >= malloc_sizes[INDEX_L3 + 1].cs_size    && cachep->obj_size > cache_line_size() && ALIGN(size, align) < PAGE_SIZE) {cachep->obj_offset += PAGE_SIZE - ALIGN(size, align);size = PAGE_SIZE;}#endif#endif/* * Determine if the slab management is 'on' or 'off' slab. * (bootstrapping cannot cope with offslab caches so don't do * it too early on.) */ /*如果缓存对象的大小不小于页面大小的1/8并且不处于slab初始化阶段，   则选择将slab描述符放在slab外部以腾出更多的空间给对象*/if ((size >= (PAGE_SIZE >> 3)) && !slab_early_init)/* * Size is large, assume best to place the slab management obj * off-slab (should allow better packing of objs). */flags |= CFLGS_OFF_SLAB;/*将对象大小按之前确定的align对齐*/size = ALIGN(size, align);/*计算slab的对象数，分配给slab的页框阶数并返回slab的剩余空间，即碎片大小*/left_over = calculate_slab_order(cachep, size, align, flags);if (!cachep->num) {printk(KERN_ERR       "kmem_cache_create: couldn't create cache %s.\n", name);kmem_cache_free(&cache_cache, cachep);cachep = NULL;goto oops;}/*将slab管理区的大小按align进行对齐*/slab_size = ALIGN(cachep->num * sizeof(kmem_bufctl_t)  + sizeof(struct slab), align);/* * If the slab has been placed off-slab, and we have enough space then * move it on-slab. This is at the expense of any extra colouring. */ /*如果之前确定将slab管理区放在slab外部，但是碎片空间大于slab管理区大小，   这时改变策略将slab管理区放在slab内部，这样可以节省外部空间，但是会牺牲   着色的颜色个数*/if (flags & CFLGS_OFF_SLAB && left_over >= slab_size) {flags &= ~CFLGS_OFF_SLAB;left_over -= slab_size;}/*如果的确要将slab管理区放在外部，则不需按照该slab的对齐方式进行对齐了， 重新计算slab_size*/if (flags & CFLGS_OFF_SLAB) {/* really off slab. No need for manual alignment */slab_size =    cachep->num * sizeof(kmem_bufctl_t) + sizeof(struct slab);#ifdef CONFIG_PAGE_POISONING/* If we're going to use the generic kernel_map_pages() * poisoning, then it's going to smash the contents of * the redzone and userword anyhow, so switch them off. */if (size % PAGE_SIZE == 0 && flags & SLAB_POISON)flags &= ~(SLAB_RED_ZONE | SLAB_STORE_USER);#endif}/*着色偏移区L1缓存行的大小*/cachep->colour_off = cache_line_size();/* Offset must be a multiple of the alignment. */if (cachep->colour_off < align)/*着色偏移小于align的话则要取对齐值*/cachep->colour_off = align;/*计算着色的颜色数目*/cachep->colour = left_over / cachep->colour_off;cachep->slab_size = slab_size;cachep->flags = flags;cachep->gfpflags = 0;if (CONFIG_ZONE_DMA_FLAG && (flags & SLAB_CACHE_DMA))cachep->gfpflags |= GFP_DMA;cachep->buffer_size = size;cachep->reciprocal_buffer_size = reciprocal_value(size);if (flags & CFLGS_OFF_SLAB) {cachep->slabp_cache = kmem_find_general_cachep(slab_size, 0u);/* * This is a possibility for one of the malloc_sizes caches. * But since we go off slab only for object size greater than * PAGE_SIZE/8, and malloc_sizes gets created in ascending order, * this should not happen at all. * But leave a BUG_ON for some lucky dude. */BUG_ON(ZERO_OR_NULL_PTR(cachep->slabp_cache));}cachep->ctor = ctor;cachep->name = name;if (setup_cpu_cache(cachep, gfp)) {__kmem_cache_destroy(cachep);cachep = NULL;goto oops;}/* cache setup completed, link it into the list *//*将该高速缓存描述符添加进cache_chain*/list_add(&cachep->next, &cache_chain);oops:if (!cachep && (flags & SLAB_PANIC))panic("kmem_cache_create(): failed to create slab `%s'\n",      name);if (slab_is_available()) {mutex_unlock(&cache_chain_mutex);put_online_cpus();}return cachep;}

• 首先做参数有效性的检查
• 计算对齐值
• 分配一个缓存描述符
• 确定slab管理区(slab描述符+kmem_bufctl_t数组)的存储位置
• 调用calculate_slab_order()进行相关项的计算，包括分配给slab的页阶数，碎片大小，slab的对象数
• 计算着色偏移和可用的颜色数量
• 调用setup_cpu_cache()分配array_cache描述符和kmem_list3描述符并初始化相关变量
• 最后将缓存描述符插入cache_chain中

再来看看两个辅助函数calculate_slab_order()和setup_cpu_cache()

static size_t calculate_slab_order(struct kmem_cache *cachep,size_t size, size_t align, unsigned long flags){unsigned long offslab_limit;size_t left_over = 0;int gfporder;for (gfporder = 0; gfporder <= KMALLOC_MAX_ORDER; gfporder++) {unsigned int num;size_t remainder;/*根据gfporder计算对象数和剩余空间*/cache_estimate(gfporder, size, align, flags, &remainder, &num);if (!num)/*如果计算出来的对象数为0则要增大分配给slab的页框阶数再进行计算*/continue;if (flags & CFLGS_OFF_SLAB) {/* * Max number of objs-per-slab for caches which * use off-slab slabs. Needed to avoid a possible * looping condition in cache_grow(). */ /*offslab_limit记录了在外部存储slab描述符时所允许的slab最大对象数*/offslab_limit = size - sizeof(struct slab);offslab_limit /= sizeof(kmem_bufctl_t);/*如果前面计算出的对象数num要大于允许的最大对象数，则不合法*/ if (num > offslab_limit)break;}/* Found something acceptable - save it away */cachep->num = num;cachep->gfporder = gfporder;left_over = remainder;/* * A VFS-reclaimable slab tends to have most allocations * as GFP_NOFS and we really don't want to have to be allocating * higher-order pages when we are unable to shrink dcache. */if (flags & SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT)break;/* * Large number of objects is good, but very large slabs are * currently bad for the gfp()s. */if (gfporder >= slab_break_gfp_order)break;/* * Acceptable internal fragmentation? */if (left_over * 8 <= (PAGE_SIZE << gfporder))break;}return left_over;}

 

static void cache_estimate(unsigned long gfporder, size_t buffer_size,   size_t align, int flags, size_t *left_over,   unsigned int *num){int nr_objs;size_t mgmt_size;size_t slab_size = PAGE_SIZE << gfporder;/* * The slab management structure can be either off the slab or * on it. For the latter case, the memory allocated for a * slab is used for: * * - The struct slab * - One kmem_bufctl_t for each object * - Padding to respect alignment of @align * - @buffer_size bytes for each object * * If the slab management structure is off the slab, then the * alignment will already be calculated into the size. Because * the slabs are all pages aligned, the objects will be at the * correct alignment when allocated. */ /*如果slab描述符存储在slab外部，则slab的对象数即为slab_size/buffer_size*/if (flags & CFLGS_OFF_SLAB) {mgmt_size = 0;nr_objs = slab_size / buffer_size;if (nr_objs > SLAB_LIMIT)nr_objs = SLAB_LIMIT;} else {/*否则先减去slab管理区的大小再进行计算*//* * Ignore padding for the initial guess. The padding * is at most @align-1 bytes, and @buffer_size is at * least @align. In the worst case, this result will * be one greater than the number of objects that fit * into the memory allocation when taking the padding * into account. */nr_objs = (slab_size - sizeof(struct slab)) /  (buffer_size + sizeof(kmem_bufctl_t));/* * This calculated number will be either the right * amount, or one greater than what we want. */if (slab_mgmt_size(nr_objs, align) + nr_objs*buffer_size       > slab_size)nr_objs--;if (nr_objs > SLAB_LIMIT)nr_objs = SLAB_LIMIT;                  /*计算slab管理区的大小*/mgmt_size = slab_mgmt_size(nr_objs, align);}/*保存slab对象数*/*num = nr_objs;/*计算并保存slab的剩余空间*/*left_over = slab_size - nr_objs*buffer_size - mgmt_size;}

在slab初始化完成后，也就是g_cpucache_up变量的值为FULL后，setup_cpu_cache()函数等价于setup_cpu_cache()-->enable_cpucache()

static int enable_cpucache(struct kmem_cache *cachep, gfp_t gfp){int err;int limit, shared;/* * The head array serves three purposes: * - create a LIFO ordering, i.e. return objects that are cache-warm * - reduce the number of spinlock operations. * - reduce the number of linked list operations on the slab and *   bufctl chains: array operations are cheaper. * The numbers are guessed, we should auto-tune as described by * Bonwick. */ /*根据对象的大小来确定本地高速缓存中的空闲对象上限*/if (cachep->buffer_size > 131072)limit = 1;else if (cachep->buffer_size > PAGE_SIZE)limit = 8;else if (cachep->buffer_size > 1024)limit = 24;else if (cachep->buffer_size > 256)limit = 54;elselimit = 120;/* * CPU bound tasks (e.g. network routing) can exhibit cpu bound * allocation behaviour: Most allocs on one cpu, most free operations * on another cpu. For these cases, an efficient object passing between * cpus is necessary. This is provided by a shared array. The array * replaces Bonwick's magazine layer. * On uniprocessor, it's functionally equivalent (but less efficient) * to a larger limit. Thus disabled by default. */shared = 0;if (cachep->buffer_size <= PAGE_SIZE && num_possible_cpus() > 1)shared = 8;#if DEBUG/* * With debugging enabled, large batchcount lead to excessively long * periods with disabled local interrupts. Limit the batchcount */if (limit > 32)limit = 32;#endiferr = do_tune_cpucache(cachep, limit, (limit + 1) / 2, shared, gfp);if (err)printk(KERN_ERR "enable_cpucache failed for %s, error %d.\n",       cachep->name, -err);return err;}

 

static int do_tune_cpucache(struct kmem_cache *cachep, int limit,int batchcount, int shared, gfp_t gfp){struct ccupdate_struct *new;int i;/*申请一个ccupdate_struct*/new = kzalloc(sizeof(*new), gfp);if (!new)return -ENOMEM;/*为每个CPU申请array_cache和用来跟踪本地CPU空闲对象的指针数组*/for_each_online_cpu(i) {new->new[i] = alloc_arraycache(cpu_to_node(i), limit,batchcount, gfp);if (!new->new[i]) {for (i--; i >= 0; i--)kfree(new->new[i]);kfree(new);return -ENOMEM;}}new->cachep = cachep;/*将cachep和array_cache进关联*/on_each_cpu(do_ccupdate_local, (void *)new, 1);check_irq_on();cachep->batchcount = batchcount;cachep->limit = limit;cachep->shared = shared;for_each_online_cpu(i) {struct array_cache *ccold = new->new[i];if (!ccold)continue;spin_lock_irq(&cachep->nodelists[cpu_to_node(i)]->list_lock);free_block(cachep, ccold->entry, ccold->avail, cpu_to_node(i));spin_unlock_irq(&cachep->nodelists[cpu_to_node(i)]->list_lock);kfree(ccold);}kfree(new);/*申请kmem_list3*/return alloc_kmemlist(cachep, gfp);}