在linux中文环境下安装oracle

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1.为防止乱码，切换操作系统语言
在linux中文环境下安装oracle，会显示乱码，需要切换为英文语言环境
/etc/sysconfig/il8n,内容修改为：LANG="en_US.UTF-8"
[root@ZLSJ sysconfig]# echo $LANG
[root@ZLSJ sysconfig]# cp /etc/sysconfig/i18n /etc/sysconfig/i18n_bak
[root@ZLSJ sysconfig]# vi /etc/sysconfig/i18n --LANG="en_US.UTF-8"
[root@ZLSJ sysconfig]# source /etc/sysconfig/i18n

--重开一个终端或是重新登录一个root用户就可以生效了.

2.修改系统信息（安装完成后,或是要重启时记得要改回来)

[root@localhost ~]# uname -r
[root@localhost ~]# getconf LONG_BIT --先查看一下内核位数:

[root@localhost ~]# mv /etc/redhat-release /etc/redhat-release_bak
[root@localhost ~]# cp /etc/redhat-release_bak /etc/redhat-release
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/redhat-release

#vi /etc/selinux/config 设置 SELINUX=disabled --将: SELINUX=enforcing 修改SELINUX=disabled ，重启后生效

#service iptables stop //临时关闭防火墙

3.检查操作系统必须的包

3.1 安装与内核位数一样的包时,应该按顺序安装包,一般都能装上,不能用强制安装;
3.2 安装其它位数时,也尽量不用强制.先按顺序安装,实在不行,再强制安装.

3.4 linux6.0 64位的包有时需要低版本的包,因为上面改为4版本了,
如: binutils-2.15.92.0.2-13.0.0.0.2.x86_64.rpm
RHEL 4 Update 1 patched binutils neccessary for 10gR2 install on x86_64.
IMPORTANT: The problem with binutils has been fixed in RHEL4 Update 3, so starting from that version this patch is no longer required.

--查询所需安装包是否完整

1.先装对应的内核包: x86_64.rpm ,有的装不上需要依赖其它包的，那就跳过，等装完能装的了，再来装这些剩下的一般就可以了安装上了,不要用强制安装。最后实在不行再用.

mkdir /mnt/iso
mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/iso
cd /mnt/iso/Packages

rpm -ivh binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.11.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh binutils-devel-2.20.51.0.2-5.11.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh elfutils-libelf-0.148-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh elfutils-libelf-devel-0.148-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh gcc-4.4.4-13.el6.x86_64.rpm ----?
rpm -ivh gcc-c++-4.4.4-13.el6.x86_64.rpm ----
rpm -ivh glibc-common-2.12-1.7.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh glibc-headers-2.12-1.7.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh glibc-2.12-1.7.el6.x86_64.rpm ------zyfzyf
rpm -ivh glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6.x86_64.rpm ------zyfzyf
rpm -ivh kernel-headers-2.6.32-71.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh ksh-20100621-2.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libgcc-4.4.4-13.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libstdc++-4.4.4-13.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libstdc++-devel-4.4.4-13.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh make-3.81-19.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh numactl-2.0.3-9.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh numactl-devel-2.0.3-9.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh sysstat-9.0.4-11.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh unixODBC-2.2.14-11.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh unixODBC-devel-2.2.14-11.el6.x86_64.rpm
###############################################################

2. 再安装所有的以compat开头的对应的内核包,顺序安装,不强制安装

rpm -ivh compat-db42-4.2.52-15.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh compat-db43-4.3.29-15.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh compat-db-4.6.21-15.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh compat-expat1-1.95.8-8.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh compat-gcc-34-3.4.6-19.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh compat-gcc-34-c++-3.4.6-19.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh compat-glibc-headers-2.5-46.2.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh compat-libcap1-1.10-1.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh compat-libf2c-34-3.4.6-19.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh compat-libgfortran-41-4.1.2-39.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh compat-libtermcap-2.0.8-49.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh compat-openldap-2.4.19_2.3.43-15.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh compat-readline5-5.2-17.1.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh compat-gcc-34-g77-3.4.6-19.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh compat-glibc-2.5-46.2.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh compat-dapl-1.2.15-2.1.el6.x86_64.rpm -------

###############################################################

3. 安装libX内核包与其它内核包
rpm -q gcc make binutils openmotif libXp compat-db

libX:
rpm -ivh libX11-1.3-2.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libXext-1.1-3.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libXau-1.0.5-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libXi-1.3-3.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libXt-1.0.7-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libXtst-1.0.99.2-3.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libXp-1.0.0-15.1.el6.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivh libICE-1.0.6-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libSM-1.1.0-7.1.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libuuid-2.17.2-6.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libxcb-1.5-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh openmotif-2.3.3-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

4.安装1386包 -------------?
rpm -ivh /tools/oraclerpm/i386/glibc-2.5-49.i386.rpm --nodeps --force
rpm -ivh /tools/oraclerpm/i386/glibc-common-2.5-49.i386.rpm --nodeps --force
rpm -ivh /tools/oraclerpm/i386/glibc-devel-2.5-49.i386.rpm --nodeps --force
rpm -ivh /tools/oraclerpm/i386/glibc-headers-2.5-49.i386.rpm --nodeps --force

rpm -ivh glibc-2.5-49.i386.rpm --nodeps --force
rpm -ivh glibc-common-2.5-49.i386.rpm --nodeps --force
rpm -ivh glibc-devel-2.5-49.i386.rpm --nodeps --force
rpm -ivh glibc-headers-2.5-49.i386.rpm --nodeps --force

5.安装i686包,先顺序安装,实在不行再强制安装

rpm -ivh libXau-1.0.5-1.el6.i686.rpm
rpm -ivh libX11-1.3-2.el6.i686.rpm
rpm -ivh libXext-1.1-3.el6.i686.rpm
rpm -ivh libXi-1.3-3.el6.i686.rpm
rpm -ivh libXt-1.0.7-1.el6.i686.rpm
rpm -ivh libXtst-1.0.99.2-3.el6.i686.rpm
rpm -ivh libXp-1.0.0-15.1.el6.i686.rpm

rpm -ivh libuuid-2.17.2-6.el6.i686.rpm
rpm -ivh libxcb-1.5-1.el6.i686.rpm
rpm -ivh libICE-1.0.6-1.el6.i686.rpm
rpm -ivh libSM-1.1.0-7.1.el6.i686.rpm

6.安装其它

rpm -ivh libgomp-4.4.4-13.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh cpp-4.4.4-13.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh compat-libstdc++-296-2.96-144.el6.i686.rpm
rpm -ivh libgcc-4.4.4-13.el6.i686.rpm

rpm -ivh glibc-2.12-1.7.el6.i686.rpm --nodeps --force --注这个包装上可能内核就变成32位了,要注意是否变化了,如果变化了,就卸载了,再想办法安装

--下面为参考,需要时再安装
###################################################################################################
rpm -ivh /tools/oraclerpm/i386/glibc-2.3.4-2.i386.rpm --nodeps --force
rpm -ivh /tools/oraclerpm/i386/glibc-headers-2.3.4-2.i386.rpm --nodeps --force
rpm -ivh /tools/oraclerpm/i386/glibc-devel-2.3.4-2.i386.rpm --nodeps --force
rpm -ivh /tools/oraclerpm/i386/glibc-common-2.3.4-2.i386.rpm --nodeps --force

rpm -ivh /tools/oraclerpm/i386/binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.11.el6.i686.rpm --nodeps --force
rpm -ivh /tools/oraclerpm/i386/glibc-devel-2.5-42.i386.rpm --nodeps --force
rpm -ivh setarch-2.0-1.1.x86_64.rpm --nodeps --force

######################################################################################################
2.2 配置环境
2.2.1 配置用户与及用户组
2.2.1.1 添加一个oracle用户，根目录是 /home/oracle，主的组是 oinstall 副的组是dba
[root@localhost ~]# groupadd oinstall ###（创建用户组oinstall）
[root@localhost ~]# groupadd dba ###（创建用户组dba）
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba -m oracle
###（就算不加-m也会默认自动建立用户的登入目录在/home下,直接用命令cat /etc/passwd 就可以看到里面所有的用户了！）
#######( 添加oracle用户到oinstall组dba副组 /home/oracle目录中 )

#######为oracle用户设置密码
[root@localhost /]# passwd oracle 这里先设置为123456
[root@localhost /]# mkdir -p /home/oracle/oracle
[root@localhost /]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle

为 oracle 用户设置环境变量使用oracle用户登录，修改/home/oracle/.bash_profile文件，在后面添加
[root@redhat ~]# su - oracle
[root@redhat ~]# vi .bash_profile

# Oracle Settings
export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=$TMP
export ORACLE_BASE=/home/oracle/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10g/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=vbsrun
export ORACLE_OWNER=oracle
export PATH=/usr/sbin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib
export CLASSPATH

--执行以下命令让配置马上生效或以oracle用户登录使设置生效
[oracle@localhost ~]$ source $HOME/.bash_profile

######################################################################################################

--以root用户登录解压数据库文件并分配配权限

修改内核参数配置文件
#vi /etc/sysctl.conf 在文件最后增加

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6553600
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586

[root@localhost /]# sysctl -p --执行命令 sysctl -p //让参数生效

#vi /etc/security/limits.conf 在文件后增加

oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240

修改/etc/pam.d/login文件，增加如下两行：

cp /etc/pam.d/login /etc/pam.d/ligon.bak
vi /etc/pam.d/login

//64为系统，千万别写成/lib/security/pam_limits.so，否则导致无法登录

session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so

修改 vi /etc/profile,增加：

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi

[root@localhost software]# chmod 777 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio.gz
[root@localhost software]# gunzip 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio.gz      --命令完成后文件变为: 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio
[root@localhost software]# cpio -idmv < 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio   --解压文件命令   cpio -idmv < 文件名
[root@localhost software]# mv database /home/oracle/oracle/
[root@localhost software]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/oracle/database/
[root@localhost software]# cd /home/oracle/oracle/database/

安装ORACLE软件

######################################################################################################
--使用oracle登录，查看oracle用户环境变量
[oracle@localhost ~]$ su - oracle
[oracle@localhost ~]$ echo $HOME $ORACLE_HOME $ORACLE_BASE $ORACLE_SID

注意：
在安装oracle数据库的时候要注意/etc/hosts与/etc/sysconfig/network文件主机名(HOSTNAME)的一致性，
否则会在后面运行netca和dbca可能出现错误提示。
/etc/hosts文件内容如下：
[oracle@localhost ~]$ cat /etc/hosts

# Do not remove the following line, or various programs
# that require network functionality will fail.
127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost
::1 localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6

/etc/sysconfig/network内容如下：
[oracle@localhost ~]$ cat /etc/sysconfig/network

NETWORKING=yes
NETWORKING_IPV6=no
HOSTNAME=localhost.localdomain

######################################################################################################

运行 ./runInstaller //这里也可以直接双击运行runInstaller

安装完毕后,提示以管理员的身份来执行2个脚本,
[root@localhost /]# /home/oracle/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
[root@localhost /]# /home/oracle/oracle/product/10g/db_1/root.sh
第二个脚本执行完到最后,会让选择目录,这时按回车键使用默认就可以了.
执行完成,选择Exit

[root@localhost app]# su - root

--重要事项---别忘记了还原: Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.0 (Santiago)
[root@localhost app]# rm -f /etc/redhat-release
[root@localhost app]# mv /etc/redhat-release_bak /etc/redhat-release

--验证:
[oracle@localhost ~]$ su - oracle
[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus /nolog
[oracle@localhost ~]$ conn / as sysdba

注: 使用: PL/SQL Developer 工具登录创建用户时,使用sys用户登录,且Connect as 选项选择:SYSDBA;因为其它用户可能权限不足.