Android入门:ContentProvider

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一、ContentProvider介绍

 

ContentProvider翻译为“内容提供者”;

定义:指该应用包含一些方法,供外界访问,其他应用程序可以调用该方法,比如如果应用A创建了一个数据库“test.db”,默认是私有的,即其他应用程序不能对其进行操作,但是如果应用A使用了ContentProvider,则其他应用程序可以访问该数据库;

用途:某个应用对外共享数据;

注意点:和Activity一样,都是Android 的Component之一,如果要创建,则需要在AndroidManifest.xml中设置;

好处:提供了统一的insert,update,delete,query方法,操作任何数据;

 

二、URI介绍

 

URI:类似于我们以前使用的URI,但是此处URI的目的是为了能够根据URI以及调用的方法来决定怎样操作数据,比如:

uri="..../person",调用insert方法,则表示需要插入一条person记录;

ContentProvider中使用的URI注意点:

(1)以  content://   开头;

(2)模式为:content://authorities/path;其中authorities类似于域名或IP,用来标识操作哪个ContentProvider,path表示具体的操作;

举例:

content://org.xiazdong.providers.personprovider/person 表示调用“org.xiazdong.providers.personprovider”的方法,操作person数据;

 

补充:ContentUris辅助类

 

URI uri = ContentUris.withAppendId(URI param,int id);  //为某个URI添加一个ID

比如param = "content://authorities/person",id=10,则uri = "content://authorities/person/10";

long id = ContentUris.parseId(URI uri); //提取URI中最后的ID

比如uri = "content://authorities/person/10",则返回的id=10;

 

三、ContentProvider开发步骤简要说明

 

1.创建一个类,并继承ContentProvider,比如PersonProvider;

2.在AndroidManifest.xml中设置:

<provider android:name=".PersonProvider" android:authorities="org.xiazdong.provides.personprovider"/>

3.定义UriMatcher,

private UriMatcher matcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);  //创建一个URI匹配器,参数为不匹配时的返回值

在onCreate中使用matcher.addURI("authorities","path",code);  //加入匹配的URI,如果匹配,则matcher.match(uri)返回code;

如果要匹配:content://authorities/path/数字  ,则matcher.addURI("authorites","path/#",code);

4.重写:

onCreate():用于为操作数据做准备;

insert:插入数据,返回插入的记录所代表的URI;

update:更新数据,返回操作影响的记录行数;

delete:删除数据,返回操作影响的记录行数;

query:查询数据,返回Cursor;

getType:记录的类型,如果操作集合,则必须以vnd.android.cursor.dir开头,如果操作非集合,则必须以vnd.android.cursor.item开头,比vnd.android.cursor.dir/person

5.外部调用:

ContentResolver resolver = this.getContext().getContentResolver();

resolver.insert();

resolver.update();

resolver.delete();

resolver.query();

 

四、应用实例

 

AndroidManifest.xml

<provider            android:name=".PersonProvider"android:authorities="org.xiazdong.provides.personprovider"                        ></provider>

 

PersonProvider.java

package org.xiazdong.db;import android.content.ContentProvider;import android.content.ContentUris;import android.content.ContentValues;import android.content.UriMatcher;import android.database.Cursor;import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;import android.net.Uri;public class PersonProvider extends ContentProvider{private DatabaseHelper helper;private SQLiteDatabase db;private UriMatcher matcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);@Overridepublic boolean onCreate() {helper = new DatabaseHelper(this.getContext());//匹配:content://org.xiazdong.provides.personprovider/person,返回值为1matcher.addURI("org.xiazdong.provides.personprovider", "person", 1);//匹配:content://org.xiazdong.provides.personprovider/person/数字,返回值为2matcher.addURI("org.xiazdong.provides.personprovider", "person/#", 2);return true;}@Overridepublic Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection,String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder) {db = helper.getWritableDatabase();switch(matcher.match(uri)){case 1://查询所有记录return db.query("person", projection, selection, selectionArgs, null, null, null);case 2://查询特定记录long id = ContentUris.parseId(uri);String where = "id="+id;if(selection!=null&&!"".equals(selection)){//因为selection可能还包含其他的where语句,需要再加上 "and id=?"where = where + " and "+selection;}return db.query("person", projection, where, selectionArgs, null, null, null);default:throw new IllegalArgumentException("wrong uri");}}/* * 如果操作集合,则必须以vnd.android.cursor.dir开头 * 如果操作非集合,则必须以vnd.android.cursor.item开头 * */@Overridepublic String getType(Uri uri) {switch(matcher.match(uri)){case 1:return "vnd.android.cursor.dir/person";case 2:return "vnd.android.cursor.item/person";}}/* * values为插入的数据 * 返回:插入的数据所代表的URI * */@Overridepublic Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) {db = helper.getWritableDatabase();switch(matcher.match(uri)){case 1:long rowid = db.insert("person", null, values);return ContentUris.withAppendedId(uri, rowid);//返回插入的记录所代表的URIdefault:throw new IllegalArgumentException("wrong uri");}}@Overridepublic int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {db = helper.getWritableDatabase();switch(matcher.match(uri)){case 1:return db.delete("person", selection, selectionArgs);case 2://删除特定id记录long id = ContentUris.parseId(uri);String where = "id="+id;if(selection!=null&&!"".equals(selection)){where  += " and "+selection;}return db.delete("person", where, selectionArgs);default:throw new IllegalArgumentException("wrong uri");}}@Overridepublic int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection,String[] selectionArgs) {db = helper.getWritableDatabase();switch(matcher.match(uri)){case 1:return db.update("person", values, selection, selectionArgs);case 2://更新特定id记录long id = ContentUris.parseId(uri);String where = "id="+id;if(selection!=null&&!"".equals(selection)){where  += " and "+selection;}return db.update("person", values,where, selectionArgs);default:throw new IllegalArgumentException("wrong uri");}}}

以下我们创建一个测试类:

 

ContentProviderTest.java

 

package org.xiazdong.db.test;import org.xiazdong.db.domain.Person;import android.content.ContentResolver;import android.content.ContentValues;import android.database.Cursor;import android.net.Uri;import android.test.AndroidTestCase;import android.util.Log;public class ContentProviderTest extends AndroidTestCase{public void testInsert()throws Exception{//插入"name=yyy,age=100"的记录Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://org.xiazdong.provides.personprovider/person");ContentResolver resolver = this.getContext().getContentResolver();ContentValues values = new ContentValues();values.put("name", "yyy");values.put("age", 100);resolver.insert(uri, values);}public void testUpdate()throws Exception{//更新id=5的记录为name=yyy,age=100Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://org.xiazdong.provides.personprovider/person/5");ContentResolver resolver = this.getContext().getContentResolver();ContentValues values = new ContentValues();values.put("name", "yyy");values.put("age", 100);resolver.update(uri, values, null, null);}public void testDelete()throws Exception{//删除id=11的记录Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://org.xiazdong.provides.personprovider/person/5");//删除id=11的记录ContentResolver resolver = this.getContext().getContentResolver();resolver.delete(uri, null, null);}public void testQuery()throws Exception{//插入全部记录并显示Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://org.xiazdong.provides.personprovider/person");//查询所有记录ContentResolver resolver = this.getContext().getContentResolver();Cursor cursor = resolver.query(uri, null, null, null, null);while(cursor.moveToNext()){Person person = new Person(cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex("id")),cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("name")),cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex("age")));Log.v("ContentProvider", person.toString());}}}



 

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