ALV知识

来源：互联网发布：轻钢房屋设计软件编辑：程序博客网时间：2024/06/08 07:07

http://www.cnblogs.com/VerySky/articles/2322500.html

三、程序的编写

1．在我们写ALV程序的时候，有一个类型组是肯定要用到的：

TYPE-POOLS：SLIS。

在这个类型组中有很多ALV的自定义数据类型以及结构化数据类型（通过TYPE来定义的），我们在写ALV表单的时候需要调用的。我们常用的几个有（蓝色部分）：

I．对一个最简单的ALV表单（无标题区和页脚区），我们只需要定义下面几个

data: i_fieldcat_alv type slis_t_fieldcat_alv with header line,

i_layout type slis_layout_alv, "alv的格式

i_fieldcat type slis_fieldcat_alv，

w_repid like sy-repid.

它对应的start-of-selection中定义子函数如下：

start-of-selection.

perform getdata. “从数据库中取数据到相应内表中

perform layout_build. “用于定义ALV表单的相关格式、属性

perform fields. “用来定义表单中的各个列的相关信息，比如列名等

perform display_data. “用来显示ALV表单

子函数定义如下：

form layout_build.

i_layout-zebra = 'X'.

i_layout-detail_popup = 'X'.“是否弹出详细信息窗口

w_repid = sy-repid. “程序为当前程序

i_layout-f2code = '&ETA'.“设置触发弹出详细信息窗口的功能码，这里是双击

i_layout-no_vline = 'X'.“这个用来设置列间隔线

i_layout-colwidth_optimize = 'X'.“优化列宽选项是否设置

i_layout-detail_initial_lines = 'X'.

i_layout-detail_titlebar = '详细内容'.“设置弹出窗口的标题栏

endform.

form fields.

refresh i_fieldcat_alv.

pos = 1.

clear i_fieldcat.

i_fieldcat-col_pos = pos. “第几列

i_fieldcat-fieldname = 'NUM'.

i_fieldcat-seltext_l = '序号'. “列名

append i_fieldcat to i_fieldcat_alv.

pos = pos + 1.

i_fieldcat-col_pos = pos.

i_fieldcat-fieldname = 'AUFNR'.

i_fieldcat-seltext_l = '生产订单'.

append i_fieldcat to i_fieldcat_alv.

clear i_fieldcat.

…………

Endform.

form display_data.

call function 'REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY'

exporting

i_callback_program = w_repid “当前程序

i_save = ''

is_layout = i_layout “子函数layout_build填充的格式定义

it_fieldcat = i_fieldcat_alv[]“子函数fields填充的各列

tables

t_outtab = head1. “假设数据都在head1内表中

endform.

II．对一个稍微复杂一点的ALV表单（有标题区和页脚区），我们需要定义下面几个

data: i_fieldcat_alv type slis_t_fieldcat_alv,

“用来存储我们将要在表单显示区域显示出来的表单的列名，每个列名对应的字段名以及列表头其他相关属性信息的数据类型

i_fieldcat type slis_fieldcat_alv,

i_layout type slis_layout_alv. “ALV的格式

data: i_events type slis_t_event,

i_event_exit type slis_t_event_exit,

i_list_comments type slis_t_listheader, “用来填充表单标题区域的数据类型

i_excluding type slis_t_extab.

data:

w_variant like disvariant, "显示变式结构

wx_variant like disvariant,

w_variant_save(1) type c,

w_exit(1) type c,

w_user_specific(1) type c,

w_callback_ucomm type slis_formname, "字符型

w_print type slis_print_alv, "类型组

w_layout type slis_layout_alv, "类型组

w_html_top_of_page type slis_formname, "字符型

w_fieldcat_alv like line of i_fieldcat_alv,

w_excluding like line of i_excluding,

w_events like line of i_events,

w_event_exit like line of i_event_exit,

w_list_comments like line of i_list_comments.

*===========================================================================*

initialization.

perform init_variant. “这个子函数很重要，没有它会出错

*-----------------------------------------*

它对应的start-of-selection中定义子函数如下：

start-of-selection.

perform getdata. “从数据库中取数据到相应内表中

perform event_build.

perform layout_build. “用于定义ALV表单的相关格式、属性

perform fields. “用来定义表单中的各个列的相关信息，比如列名等

perform display_data. “用来显示ALV表单

*-----------------------------------------*

子函数定义如下：（这里只定义前面文档没有提到的子函数，其他同名的请参考前面）

form init_variant.

clear: w_variant.

w_repid = sy-repid. “当前程序

w_variant-report = w_repid.

w_variant-username = sy-uname.

w_variant_save = 'A'. "All types

endform.

form event_build.

call function 'REUSE_ALV_EVENTS_GET'

exporting

i_list_type = 0

importing

et_events = i_events.

read table i_events

with key name = slis_ev_top_of_page

into w_events.

if sy-subrc = 0.

move 'ALV_TOP_OF_PAGE' to w_events-form. “将标题区数据赋值给W_EVENTS

modify i_events from w_events index sy-tabix.

endif.

read table i_events

with key name = slis_ev_end_of_list

into w_events.

if sy-subrc = 0.

move 'ALV_END_OF_LIST' to w_events-form.“将页尾数据赋值给W_EVENTS

modify i_events from w_events index sy-tabix.

endif.

read table i_events

with key name = slis_ev_end_of_page

into w_events.

if sy-subrc = 0.

move 'ALV_END_OF_PAGE' to w_events-form.“将页脚区数据赋值给W_EVENTS

modify i_events from w_events index sy-tabix.

endif.

endform.

*-----------------------------------------*

form event_build子函数中黑体字部分对应的几个子函数，我们需要定义如下：

form alv_top_of_page.

clear: i_list_comments[].

w_list_comments-typ = 'H'. "H=Header, S=Selection, A=Action供选择

w_list_comments-key = ''.

w_list_comments-info = 'XX汽车有限公司变速箱废品率报表'.

append w_list_comments to i_list_comments.

w_list_comments-typ = 'S'. " H = Header, S = Selection, A = Action

w_list_comments-key = ''.

concatenate '库位:' werks-low into werks_t.

w_list_comments-info = werks_t.

append w_list_comments to i_list_comments.

w_list_comments-typ = 'S'. " H = Header, S = Selection, A = Action

w_list_comments-key = ''.

concatenate '库位:' werks-low into werks_t.

w_list_comments-info = werks_t.

append w_list_comments to i_list_comments.

call function 'REUSE_ALV_COMMENTARY_WRITE'

exporting

i_logo = 'ENJOYSAP_LOGO'

it_list_commentary = i_list_comments.

endform.

form alv_end_of_list.

clear: i_list_comments[].

w_list_comments-typ = 'A'. "H = Header, S = Selection, A = Action

w_list_comments-key = ''.

w_list_comments-info = '页脚显示'.

append w_list_comments to i_list_comments.

call function 'REUSE_ALV_COMMENTARY_WRITE'

exporting

it_list_commentary = i_list_comments

i_logo = 'ENJOYSAP_LOGO'

i_end_of_list_grid = 'X'.

endform.

form alv_end_of_page.

它的定义类似上面两个子函数的内容，这里不再赘述

endform.

*-----------------------------------------*

form display_data.

call function 'REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY'

exporting

* i_background_id = 'SIWB_WALLPAPER'

i_background_id = 'SIWB_WALLPAPER'

i_callback_program = w_repid

i_callback_html_top_of_page = w_html_top_of_page

* i_structure_name = 'TRDIR'

i_default = 'X'

i_save = 'A'

is_variant = w_variant

is_layout = w_layout

* i_callback_user_command = w_callback_ucomm

it_fieldcat = i_fieldcat_alv

it_events = i_events

it_event_exit = i_event_exit

it_excluding = i_excluding

is_print = w_print

* i_screen_start_column = 1

* i_screen_start_line = 1

* i_screen_end_column = 70

* i_screen_end_line = 30

tables

t_outtab = head1.

endform.

2．写一个ALV程序的基本流程（主要包括ALV相关的那部分，后面会附上一个ALV源程序的代码）：

第一步：定义将要用到的表，即TALBES定义部分，然后定义TYPE-POOLS: SLIS.

第二步：定义“1”中提到的这些数据类型或者内表的实体对象

第三步：定义一些需要用到的变量

第四步：定义自己的选择屏幕

第五步：定义INITIALIZATION部分，在这个部分往往要指定w_repid的值，

w_repid = sy-repid。

第六步： start-of-selection部分

1用一个子函数完成对ALV表单标题区域的赋值(i_list_comments)。

2用一个子函数完成自己所需要数据的抓取

3用一个子函数完成要显示列表的列名行（第一行）的相关赋值（i_fieldcat_alv）以及设置

4用一个子函数完成输出格式的设置(i_layout)，比如双击一条记录是否弹出对话框啊？是用哪个功能键触发等等

5用一个子函数FORM DISPLAY_DATA来显示上面我们已经分别封装好的数据，需要调用两个常用的FUNCTION MODULE：

FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY' “用来显示表单数据

FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_COMMENTARY_WRITE' “用来显示表单标题

附件：示例程序源代码（注：下面这个程序调用的ALV功能应该讲是比较完全的了，大家可以通过上面的学习之后，再看这个程序，应该会有所收获）

*----------------------------------------------------------------------

* Program: ZZ_ALV_REPORT_STUB

* Author : Clayton Mergen

* Date :

* Purpose: Report using ALV function

* Notes:

* 1) Logos & wallpapers can be found in table BDS_CONN05

* with class = PICTURES

* 2) Transaction OAER can be used to create PICTURES.

* Run transaction OAER with class name = PICTURES, Class type = OT,

* and Object key with whatever name you want to create. In the

* next screen, right clicking on screen and import

*----------------------------------------------------------------------

* Revisions

*----------------------------------------------------------------------

* Name :

* Date :

* Comments:

*----------------------------------------------------------------------

report zflex004

no standard page heading

line-size 200

line-count 65

message-id zz.

*--------------------------------

* Tables

*--------------------------------

tables:

ekpo,

mara,

trdir.

*--------------------------------

* Global Types

*--------------------------------

type-pools: slis.

*--------------------------------

* Global Internal Tables

*--------------------------------

data:

i_fieldcat_alv type slis_t_fieldcat_alv,

i_events type slis_t_event,

i_event_exit type slis_t_event_exit,

i_list_comments type slis_t_listheader,

i_excluding type slis_t_extab.

* Display data

data: begin of i_data occurs 0,

matnr like mara-matnr,

mtart like mara-mtart,

end of i_data.

*--------------------------------

* Global Variables

*--------------------------------

data:

w_variant like disvariant, "显示变式结构

wx_variant like disvariant,

w_variant_save(1) type c,

w_exit(1) type c,

w_repid like sy-repid, "abap程序，当前主程序

w_user_specific(1) type c,

w_callback_ucomm type slis_formname, "字符型

w_print type slis_print_alv, "类型组

w_layout type slis_layout_alv, "类型组

w_html_top_of_page type slis_formname, "字符型

w_fieldcat_alv like line of i_fieldcat_alv,

w_excluding like line of i_excluding,

w_events like line of i_events,

w_event_exit like line of i_event_exit,

w_list_comments like line of i_list_comments.

*--------------------------------

* Global Constants

*--------------------------------

*constants:

*--------------------------------

* Selection Screen

*--------------------------------

selection-screen begin of block blk_criteria with frame title text-f01.

select-options:

s_name for trdir-name. "程序名

selection-screen end of block blk_criteria.

selection-screen begin of block blk_params with frame title text-f02.

parameters:

p_vari like disvariant-variant. "格式

selection-screen skip 1.

parameters:

p_grid radiobutton group rb01 default 'X',

p_html as checkbox.

selection-screen skip 1.

parameters:

p_list radiobutton group rb01.

selection-screen end of block blk_params.

*--------------------------------

* Initialization

*--------------------------------

initialization.

perform init_variant. "初始化

perform variant_default using p_vari.

clear: s_name[].

s_name-sign = 'I'.

s_name-option = 'CP'.

s_name-low = 'Z*'.

append s_name.

*--------------------------------

* At Selection Screen PBO

*--------------------------------

at selection-screen output.

*----------------------------------

* At Selection Screen Value Request

*----------------------------------

at selection-screen on value-request for p_vari.

perform variant_f4 using p_vari. "不管

*--------------------------------

* At Selection Screen

*--------------------------------

at selection-screen.

perform variant_fill. "不管

*--------------------------------

* Start of Selection

*--------------------------------

start-of-selection.

perform get_data. "从表mara中取相应字段到i_data

end-of-selection.

perform fieldcat_build.

perform event_build.

perform event_exit_build.

perform exclude_build.

perform print_build.

perform layout_build.

perform display_data.

*--------------------------------

* Top of Page

*--------------------------------

top-of-page.

*--------------------------------

* Top of Page During Line Sel

*--------------------------------

top-of-page during line-selection.

*--------------------------------

* At User Command

*--------------------------------

at user-command.

*--------------------------------

* At Line Selection

*--------------------------------

at line-selection.

*--------------------------------

* Macros

*--------------------------------

define skip_1.

write: /001 sy-vline,

at sy-linsz sy-vline.

end-of-definition.

*----------------------------------------------------------------------

* Forms

*----------------------------------------------------------------------

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*

*& Form variant_f4

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*

form variant_f4 using p_variant.

call function 'LVC_VARIANT_F4'

exporting

is_variant = w_variant

i_save = w_variant_save

importing

e_exit = w_exit

es_variant = wx_variant

exceptions

not_found = 1

program_error = 2

others = 3.

if sy-subrc <> 0.

message i000(zz) with text-g01.

endif.

if w_exit is initial.

w_variant-variant = wx_variant-variant.

p_variant = wx_variant-variant.

endif.

endform.

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*

*& Form init_variant

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*

form init_variant.

clear: w_variant.

w_repid = sy-repid.

w_variant-report = w_repid.

w_variant-username = sy-uname.

w_variant_save = 'A'. "All types

endform.

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*

*& Form variant_default

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*

form variant_default using p_variant.

wx_variant = w_variant.

if not p_variant is initial.

wx_variant-variant = p_variant.

endif.

call function 'LVC_VARIANT_DEFAULT_GET'

exporting

i_save = w_variant_save

changing

cs_variant = wx_variant

exceptions

wrong_input = 1

not_found = 2

program_error = 3

others = 4.

case sy-subrc.

when 0.

p_variant = wx_variant-variant.

when 2.

clear: p_variant.

endcase.

endform.

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*

*& Form variant_fill

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*

form variant_fill.

clear: w_variant.

if p_vari is initial.

w_variant-variant = 'STANDARD'.

w_variant-report = w_repid.

else.

w_variant-variant = p_vari.

w_variant-report = w_repid.

call function 'LVC_VARIANT_EXISTENCE_CHECK'

exporting

i_save = w_variant_save

changing

cs_variant = w_variant

exceptions

others = 01.

if sy-subrc ne 0.

message i000(zz) with text-g02.

endif.

endform.

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*

*& Form fieldcat_build

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*

form fieldcat_build.

call function 'REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE'

exporting

i_program_name = w_repid

* i_structure_name = 'TRDIR'

i_internal_tabname = 'I_DATA'

i_inclname = w_repid

changing

ct_fieldcat = i_fieldcat_alv.

* Modify displayed fields

loop at i_fieldcat_alv into w_fieldcat_alv.

case w_fieldcat_alv-fieldname.

when 'NAME'.

w_fieldcat_alv-hotspot = 'X'.

when 'MYFIELD'.

w_fieldcat_alv-checkbox = 'X'.

w_fieldcat_alv-seltext_s = 'MyChkBox'.

when others.

endcase.

modify i_fieldcat_alv from w_fieldcat_alv.

endloop.

endform.

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*

*& Form display_data

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*

form display_data.

w_callback_ucomm = 'CALLBACK_UCOMM'.

case 'X'.

when p_grid.

if p_html = 'X'.

w_html_top_of_page = 'HTML_TOP_OF_PAGE'.

endif.

call function 'REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY'

exporting

* i_background_id = 'SIWB_WALLPAPER'

i_background_id = 'SIWB_WALLPAPER'

i_callback_program = w_repid

i_callback_html_top_of_page = w_html_top_of_page

* i_structure_name = 'TRDIR'

i_default = 'X'

i_save = 'A'

is_variant = w_variant

is_layout = w_layout

i_callback_user_command = w_callback_ucomm

it_fieldcat = i_fieldcat_alv

it_events = i_events

it_event_exit = i_event_exit

it_excluding = i_excluding

is_print = w_print

* i_screen_start_column = 1

* i_screen_start_line = 1

* i_screen_end_column = 70

* i_screen_end_line = 30

tables

t_outtab = i_data.

when p_list.

call function 'REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY'

exporting

i_background_id = 'ALV_BACKGROUND'

i_callback_program = w_repid

i_default = 'X'

i_save = 'A'

is_variant = w_variant

is_layout = w_layout

i_callback_user_command = w_callback_ucomm

it_fieldcat = i_fieldcat_alv

it_events = i_events

it_event_exit = i_event_exit

is_print = w_print

tables

t_outtab = i_data.

endcase.

endform.

*---------------------------------------------------------------------*

* FORM user_command *

*---------------------------------------------------------------------*

form callback_ucomm using r_ucomm like sy-ucomm

rs_selfield type slis_selfield.

message i000(zz) with r_ucomm.

case r_ucomm.

when '&IC1'.

set parameter id 'RID' field rs_selfield-value.

call transaction 'SE38'.

when others.

endcase.

endform.

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*

*& Form get_data

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*

form get_data.

select * from mara

into corresponding fields of table i_data.

endform.

*---------------------------------------------------------------------*

* FORM ALV_TOP_OF_PAGE *

*---------------------------------------------------------------------*

form alv_top_of_page.

clear: i_list_comments[].

w_list_comments-typ = 'H'. "H=Header, S=Selection, A=Action

w_list_comments-key = ''.

w_list_comments-info = 'Info 1'.

append w_list_comments to i_list_comments.

w_list_comments-typ = 'A'. " H = Header, S = Selection, A = Action

w_list_comments-key = ''.

w_list_comments-info = 'Begin of list'.

append w_list_comments to i_list_comments.

call function 'REUSE_ALV_COMMENTARY_WRITE'

exporting

i_logo = 'ENJOYSAP_LOGO'

it_list_commentary = i_list_comments.

endform.

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*

*& Form event_build

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*

form event_build.

call function 'REUSE_ALV_EVENTS_GET'

exporting

i_list_type = 0

importing

et_events = i_events.

read table i_events

with key name = slis_ev_top_of_page

into w_events.

if sy-subrc = 0.

move 'ALV_TOP_OF_PAGE' to w_events-form.

modify i_events from w_events index sy-tabix.

endif.

read table i_events

with key name = slis_ev_end_of_list

into w_events.

if sy-subrc = 0.

move 'ALV_END_OF_LIST' to w_events-form.

modify i_events from w_events index sy-tabix.

endif.

read table i_events

with key name = slis_ev_end_of_page

into w_events.

if sy-subrc = 0.

move 'ALV_END_OF_PAGE' to w_events-form.

modify i_events from w_events index sy-tabix.

endif.

endform.

*---------------------------------------------------------------------*

* FORM alv_end_of_list *

*---------------------------------------------------------------------*

form alv_end_of_list.

clear: i_list_comments[].

w_list_comments-typ = 'A'. "H = Header, S = Selection, A = Action

w_list_comments-key = ''.

w_list_comments-info = 'End of list'.

append w_list_comments to i_list_comments.

call function 'REUSE_ALV_COMMENTARY_WRITE'

exporting

it_list_commentary = i_list_comments

i_logo = 'ZMYOBJECTKEY'

i_end_of_list_grid = 'X'.

endform.

*---------------------------------------------------------------------*

* FORM alv_end_of_page *

*---------------------------------------------------------------------*

form alv_end_of_page.

endform.

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*

*& Form print_build

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*

form print_build.

w_print-no_print_listinfos = 'X'.

endform.

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*

*& Form layout_build

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*

form layout_build.

w_layout-zebra = 'X'.

w_layout-no_vline = 'X'.

w_layout-colwidth_optimize = 'X'.

w_layout-detail_popup = 'X'.

w_layout-detail_initial_lines = 'X'.

w_layout-detail_titlebar = 'Detail Title Bar'.

endform.

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*

*& Form event_exit_build

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*

form event_exit_build.

clear: i_event_exit[].

* Pick

w_event_exit-ucomm = '&ETA'.

w_event_exit-before = ' '.

w_event_exit-after = 'X'.

append w_event_exit to i_event_exit.

endform.

*---------------------------------------------------------------------*

* FORM HTML_TOP_OF_PAGE *

*---------------------------------------------------------------------*

form html_top_of_page using r_top type ref to cl_dd_document.

data:

text type sdydo_text_element,

s_table type ref to cl_dd_table_element,

col_key type ref to cl_dd_area,

col_info type ref to cl_dd_area,

a_logo type ref to cl_dd_area.

* Split TOP-Document

call method r_top->vertical_split

exporting split_area = r_top

split_width = '30%'

importing right_area = a_logo.

* Fill TOP-Document

call method r_top->add_text

exporting text = 'Example of a Heading'

sap_style = 'HEADING'.

call method r_top->new_line.

call method r_top->add_table

exporting no_of_columns = 2

with_heading = ' '

border = '1'

importing table = s_table.

call method s_table->add_column importing column = col_key.

call method s_table->add_column importing column = col_info.

text = 'A key value marked'.

call method col_key->add_text

exporting text = text

sap_emphasis = 'Strong'.

call method col_info->add_gap exporting width = 6.

text = '600' .

call method col_info->add_text

exporting text = text

sap_style = 'Key'.

call method col_info->add_gap exporting width = 3.

text = 'Block brick units'.

call method col_info->add_text exporting text = text.

call method s_table->new_row.

text = 'Storage Bin'.

call method col_key->add_text

exporting text = text

sap_emphasis = 'Strong'.

call method col_info->add_gap exporting width = 7.

text = 'C-A-004'.

call method col_info->add_text exporting text = text.

call method s_table->new_row.

text = 'Warehouse number' .

call method col_key->add_text

exporting text = text

sap_emphasis = 'Strong'.

call method col_info->add_gap exporting width = 6.

text = '200' .

call method col_info->add_text

exporting text = text

sap_style = 'Success'.

call method col_info->add_gap exporting width = 3.

text = 'marked success'.

call method col_info->add_text exporting text = text.

call method s_table->new_row.

call method r_top->new_line.

text = 'This last line is a comment in italics.'.

call method r_top->add_text

exporting text = text

sap_emphasis = 'EMPHASIS'.

call method r_top->new_line.

call method a_logo->add_picture

* exporting picture_id = 'ZZTESTBMP'.

exporting picture_id = 'ENJOYSAP_LOGO'.

endform.

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*

*& Form exclude_build

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*

form exclude_build.

w_excluding = '&GRAPH'. "Graphic

append w_excluding to i_excluding.

endform. " exclude_build