为了快速的时间格式转换. C++ 引进了 get_time 和 put_time 函数
#include <iostream>
#include<iomanip>
#include<ctime>
int main()
{
std::time_t t = std::time(NULL);
std::tm tm = *std::localtime(&t);
std::cout.imbue(std::locale("CHS"));
std::cout <<std::put_time(&tm,"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") <<'\n';
// std::cout.imbue(std::locale("ja_JP.utf8"));
// std::cout << "ja_JP: " << std::put_time(&tm, "%c %Z") << '\n';
system("pause");
}
下面是时间函数格式串的一些特定转义参数:
注::VS2010 不支持C++11的格式
带E前缀的表示在当地语言环境中的表示...
带O前缀的表示使用当地语言环境的计数文字
常用
时:分:秒 %H:%M:%S <==> %T (C++11标准)
当地时间标准 %X
十二小时制 %I (%p <==> a.m|p.m 或者当地写法)
年-月-日 %Y:%m:%d <==> %F (C++11标准)
当期日期标准 %x
一年的第几天 %j
第几周 %U (00-53) 周日为第一天
%W (00-53) 周一为第一天
%V (01-53) 周一为第一天 (C++11标准)
周一为星期的第一天
每年的第一星期为包含1月4号的那个星期.
或者包含第一个星期四那个星期
星期几 %w (0-6) %u(1-7)(C++11标准)
星期几 %a 单词简写 %A 单词全称 (当地写法)
Conversion
specifier | Explanation | Used fields | % | writes literal %. The full conversion specification must be %%. n(C++11) | writes newline character t(C++11) | writes horizontal tab character Year | Y | writes year as a 4 digit decimal number XXXX 4位数年份tm_yearEY(C++11) | writes year in the alternative representation, e.g.平成23年 (year Heisei 23) instead of 2011年 (year 2011) in ja_JP localetm_yeary | writes last 2 digits of year as a decimal number ( XX range [00,99]) 两位数年份tm_yearOy(C++11) | writes last 2 digits of year using the alternative numeric system, e.g. 十一 instead of 11 in ja_JP localetm_yearEy(C++11) | writes year as offset from locale's alternative calendar period %EC (locale-dependent)tm_yearC(C++11) | writes first 2 digits of year as a decimal number (range [00,99]) 公历年的前两位数tm_yearEC(C++11) | writes name of the base year (period) in the locale's alternative representation, e.g. 平成 (Heisei era) in ja_JPtm_yearG(C++11) | writes ISO 8601 week-based year, i.e. the year that contains the specified week.In IS0 8601 weeks begin with Monday and the first week of the year must satisfy the following requirements:
- Includes January 4
- Includes first Thursday of the year
tm_year,tm_wday,tm_ydayg(C++11) | writes last 2 digits of ISO 8601 week-based year, i.e. the year that contains the specified week (range[00,99]).In IS0 8601 weeks begin with Monday and the first week of the year must satisfy the following requirements:
- Includes January 4
- Includes first Thursday of the year
tm_year,tm_wday,tm_ydayMonth | b | writes abbreviated month name, e.g. Oct (locale dependent) 月份英文简称tm_monh(C++11) | synonym of b 代名词?tm_monB | writes full month name, e.g. October (locale dependent) 月份英文全称tm_monm | writes month as a decimal number (range [01,12]) 月份两位数字tm_monOm(C++11) | writes month using the alternative numeric system, e.g. 十二 instead of 12 in ja_JP locale月份当地文字tm_monWeek | U | writes week of the year as a decimal number (Sunday is the first day of the week) (range[00,53])第几周(周日为第一天)tm_year,tm_wday,tm_ydayOU(C++11) | writes week of the year, as by %U, using the alternative numeric system, e.g. 五十二 instead of 52 in ja_JP localetm_year,tm_wday,tm_ydayW | writes week of the year as a decimal number (Monday is the first day of the week) (range[00,53])第几周(周一为第一天)tm_year,tm_wday,tm_ydayOW(C++11) | writes week of the year, as by %W, using the alternative numeric system, e.g. 五十二 instead of 52 in ja_JP localetm_year,tm_wday,tm_ydayV(C++11) | writes ISO 8601 week of the year (range [01,53]).In IS0 8601 weeks begin with Monday and the first week of the year must satisfy the following requirements:
- Includes January 4
- Includes first Thursday of the year
tm_year,tm_wday,tm_ydayOV(C++11) | writes week of the year, as by %V, using the alternative numeric system, e.g. 五十二 instead of 52 in ja_JP localetm_year,tm_wday,tm_ydayDay of the year/month | j | writes day of the year as a decimal number (range [001,366]) 一年的第几天(XXX)tm_ydayd | writes day of the month as a decimal number (range [01,31]) 一月的第几天(XX)tm_mdayOd(C++11) | writes zero-based day of the month using the alternative numeric system, e.g 二十七 instead of 23 in ja_JP localeSingle character is preceded by a space.
tm_mdaye(C++11) | writes day of the month as a decimal number (range [1,31]).Single digit is preceded by a space.一月的第几天(X|XX)
tm_mdayOe(C++11) | writes one-based day of the month using the alternative numeric system, e.g. 二十七 instead of 27 in ja_JP localeSingle character is preceded by a space.
tm_mdayDay of the week | a | writes abbreviated weekday name, e.g. Fri (locale dependent) 星期几的简写tm_wdayA | writes full weekday name, e.g. Friday (locale dependent) 星期几的全称tm_wdayw | writes weekday as a decimal number, where Sunday is 0 (range [0-6]) 星期几数字表示(0-6)tm_wdayOw(C++11) | writes weekday, where Sunday is 0, using the alternative numeric system, e.g. 二 instead of 2 in ja_JP localetm_wdayu(C++11) | writes weekday as a decimal number, where Monday is 1 (ISO 8601 format) (range [1-7]) 星期几数字表示(1-7)tm_wdayOu(C++11) | writes weekday, where Monday is 1, using the alternative numeric system, e.g. 二 instead of 2 in ja_JP localetm_wdayHour, minute, second | H | writes hour as a decimal number, 24 hour clock (range [00-23]) 24进制小时(XX)tm_hourOH(C++11) | writes hour from 24-hour clock using the alternative numeric system, e.g. 十八 instead of 18 in ja_JP localetm_hourI | writes hour as a decimal number, 12 hour clock (range [01,12]) 12进制小时(XX)tm_hourOI(C++11) | writes hour from 12-hour clock using the alternative numeric system, e.g. 六 instead of 06 in ja_JP localetm_hourM | writes minute as a decimal number (range [00,59]) 分钟(XX)tm_minOM(C++11) | writes minute using the alternative numeric system, e.g. 二十五 instead of 25 in ja_JP localetm_minS | writes second as a decimal number (range [00,60]) 秒数(XX)- -|有60秒耶tm_secOS(C++11) | writes second using the alternative numeric system, e.g. 二十四 instead of 24 in ja_JP localetm_secOther | c | writes standard date and time string, e.g. Sun Oct 17 04:41:13 2010(locale dependent) 基本日期格式allEc(C++11) | writes alternative date and time string, e.g. using 平成23年 (year Heisei 23) instead of 2011年 (year 2011) in ja_JP localeallx | writes localized date representation (locale dependent)allEx(C++11) | writes alternative date representation, e.g. using 平成23年 (year Heisei 23) instead of 2011年 (year 2011) in ja_JP localeallX | writes localized time representation (locale dependent)allEX(C++11) | writes alternative time representation (locale dependent)allD(C++11) | equivalent to "%m/%d/%y" tm_mon,tm_mday,tm_yearF(C++11) | equivalent to "%Y-%m-%d" (the ISO 8601 date format)tm_mon,tm_mday,tm_yearr(C++11) | writes localized 12-hour clock time (locale dependent)tm_hour,tm_min,tm_secR(C++11) | equivalent to "%H:%M"tm_hour,tm_minT(C++11) | equivalent to "%H:%M:%S" (the ISO 8601 time format)tm_hour,tm_min,tm_secp | writes localized a.m. or p.m. (locale dependent)tm_hourz(C++11) | writes offset from UTC in the ISO 8601 format (e.g. -0430), or no characters if the time zone information is not availabletm_isdstZ | writes time zone name or abbreviation, or no characters if the time zone information is not available (locale dependent)tm_isdst
以下 为 std::get_time 一些转义参数
Conversion
specifier | Explanation | Writes to fields | % | matches a literal %. The full conversion specification must be %%.(none)t | matches any whitespace.(none)n | matches any whitespace.(none)Year | Y | parses full year as a 4 digit decimal number, leading zeroes permitted but not requiredtm_yearEY | parses year in the alternative representation, e.g.平成23年 (year Heisei 23) which writes 2011 to tm_year in ja_JP localetm_yeary | parses last 2 digits of year as a decimal number. Range [69,99] results in values 1969 to 1999, range [00,68] results in 2000-2068tm_yearOy | parses last 2 digits of year using the alternative numeric system, e.g. 十一 is parsed as 11 in ja_JP localetm_yearEy | parses year as offset from locale's alternative calendar period %ECtm_yearC | parses the first 2 digits of year as a decimal number (range [00,99])tm_yearEC | parses the name of the base year (period) in the locale's alternative representation, e.g. 平成 (Heisei era) in ja_JPtm_yearMonth | b | parses the month name, either full or abbreviated, e.g. Octtm_monh | synonym of btm_monB | synonym of btm_monm | parses the month as a decimal number (range [01,12]), leading zeroes permitted but not requiredtm_monOm | parses the month using the alternative numeric system, e.g. 十二 parses as 12 in ja_JP localetm_monWeek | U | parses the week of the year as a decimal number (Sunday is the first day of the week) (range[00,53]), leading zeroes permitted but not requiredtm_year,tm_wday,tm_ydayOU | parses the week of the year, as by %U, using the alternative numeric system, e.g. 五十二 parses as 52 in ja_JP localetm_year,tm_wday,tm_ydayW | parses the week of the year as a decimal number (Monday is the first day of the week) (range[00,53]), leading zeroes permitted but not requiredtm_year,tm_wday,tm_ydayOW | parses the week of the year, as by %W, using the alternative numeric system, e.g. 五十二 parses as 52 in ja_JP localetm_year,tm_wday,tm_ydayDay of the year/month | j | parses day of the year as a decimal number (range [001,366]), leading zeroes permitted but not requiredtm_ydayd | parses the day of the month as a decimal number (range [01,31]), leading zeroes permitted but not requiredtm_mdayOd | parses the day of the month using the alternative numeric system, e.g 二十七 parses as 23 in ja_JP locale, leading zeroes permitted but not requiredtm_mdaye | synonym of dtm_mdayOe | synonym of Odtm_mdayDay of the week | a | parses the name of the day of the week, either full or abbreviated, e.g. Fritm_wdayA | synonym of atm_wdayw | parses weekday as a decimal number, where Sunday is 0 (range [0-6])tm_wdayOw | parses weekday as a decimal number, where Sunday is 0, using the alternative numeric system, e.g. 二 parses as 2 in ja_JP localetm_wdayHour, minute, second | H | parses the hour as a decimal number, 24 hour clock (range [00-23]), leading zeroes permitted but not requiredtm_hourOH | parses hour from 24-hour clock using the alternative numeric system, e.g. 十八 parses as 18 in ja_JP localetm_hourI | parses hour as a decimal number, 12 hour clock (range [01,12]), leading zeroes permitted but not requiredtm_hourOI | parses hour from 12-hour clock using the alternative numeric system, e.g. 六 reads as 06 in ja_JP localetm_hourM | parses minute as a decimal number (range [00,59]), leading zeroes permitted but not requiredtm_minOM | parses minute using the alternative numeric system, e.g. 二十五 parses as 25 in ja_JP localetm_minS | parses second as a decimal number (range [00,60]), leading zeroes permitted but not requiredtm_secOS | parses second using the alternative numeric system, e.g. 二十四 parses as 24 in ja_JP localetm_secOther | c | parses the locale's standard date and time string format, e.g. Sun Oct 17 04:41:13 2010 (locale dependent)allEc | parses the locale's alternative date and time string format, e.g. expecting 平成23年 (year Heisei 23) instead of 2011年 (year 2011) in ja_JP localeallx | parses the locale's standard date representationallEx | parses the locale's alternative date representation, e.g. expecting 平成23年 (year Heisei 23) instead of 2011年 (year 2011) in ja_JP localeallX | parses the locale's standard time representationallEX | parses the locale's alternative time representationallD | equivalent to "%m / %d / %y "tm_mon,tm_mday,tm_yearr | parses locale's standard 12-hour clock time (in POSIX, "%I : %M : %S %p")tm_hour,tm_min,tm_secR | equivalent to "%H : %M"tm_hour,tm_minT | equivalent to "%H : %M : %S"tm_hour,tm_min,tm_secp | parses the locale's equivalent of a.m. or p.m.tm_hour
