ORACEL11GR2 创建数据库实例

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因为工作需要在ORACLE11GR2库中新建一数据库实例。采用脚本命令创建，建议使用oracle用户进行以下操作。顺序如下：

1.创建实例启动用的参数文件。在程序默认的参数文件里修改即可：重命名规则 initSID.ora

/u01/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/ 下，目录尽量使用绝对路径，采用ORACLE_BASE等环境变量有可能报错。

例 initcrm.ora

db_name='crm'                    --修改
#memory_target=500m                 --注释掉
sga_target=200m                     --添加
pga_aggregate_target=60m            --添加
processes = 150
audit_file_dest='/u01/oracle/admin/crm/adump' --建立目录
audit_trail ='db'
db_block_size=8192
db_domain=''
db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/oracle/flash_recovery_area'   --建立目录
db_recovery_file_dest_size=2G
diagnostic_dest='/u01/oracle'                        ---修改
dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=ORCLXDB)'
open_cursors=300
remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

2.创建相应目录：

mkdir -p /u01/oracle/admin/ora11g/adump
mkdir -p /u01/oracle/admin/ora11g/dpdump
mkdir -p /u01/oracle/flash_recovery_area

3.创建密码文件：命名规则 orapwSID，目录依旧是 /u01/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/
linux下orapw+实例名
windows下pwd+实例名

$ orapwd file=orapwora11g password=oracle

4.创建数据库实例

设置环境变量 export ORACLE_SID=crm

执行以下命令

sqlplus /nolog
conn / as sysdba

注意：本处可能报错需要可能的原因： a）glibc-devel-2.5-58.el5_6.4、libaio-0.3.106-5包是否已安装，命令分别为rpm -q glibc-devel、rpm -q libaio

b）oracle目录权限不足或属组不对，chmod 6751 oracle 授权、chown -R oracle.oinstall /u01/oracle 修改属组

执行建库脚本：

startup nomount pfile="/u01/oracle/product/11.2.0.1/db1/dbs/initcrm.ora";
CREATE DATABASE "crm"
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 1
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 100
DATAFILE '/u01/oracle/oradata/system01.dbf' SIZE 1024M REUSE
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u01/oracle/oradata/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 500M REUSE
SMALLFILE DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP TEMPFILE '/u01/oracle/oradata/temp01.dbf' SIZE 20M REUSE
SMALLFILE UNDO TABLESPACE "UNDOTBS1" DATAFILE '/u01/oracle/oradata/undo01.dbf' SIZE 300M REUSE
CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u01/oracle/oradata/log01.dbf') SIZE 50M,
GROUP 2 ('/u01/oracle/oradata/log02.dbf') SIZE 50M,
GROUP 3 ('/u01/oracle/oradata/log03.dbf') SIZE 50M;

创建USERS表空间
CREATE SMALLFILE TABLESPACE "USERS" LOGGING DATAFILE '/u01/app/oradata/user01.dbf' SIZE 1000M REUSE EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL SEGMENT SPACEMANAGEMENT AUTO;
ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TABLESPACE "USERS";

------------------------------------------

SQL> create spfile from pfile;

File created.

-----------------------------------------

sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> show user;
@/u01/oracle/product/11.2.0.1/db1/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql;
@/u01/oracle/product/11.2.0.1/db1/rdbms/admin/catblock.sql;
@/u01/oracle/product/11.2.0.1/db1/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql;
@/u01/oracle/product/11.2.0.1/db1/rdbms/admin/catoctk.sql;
@/u01/oracle/product/11.2.0.1/db1/rdbms/admin/owminst.plb;

使用system用户编译
@/u01/oracle/product/11.2.0.1/db1/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql;
@/u01/oracle/product/11.2.0.1/db1/sqlplus/admin/help/hlpbld.sql helpus.sql;

使用sys用户编译
@/u01/oracle/product/11.2.0.1/db1/javavm/install/initjvm.sql;
@/u01/oracle/product/11.2.0.1/db1/xdk/admin/initxml.sql;
@/u01/oracle/product/11.2.0.1/db1/xdk/admin/xmlja.sql;
@/u01/oracle/product/11.2.0.1/db1/rdbms/admin/catjava.sql;
@/u01/oracle/product/11.2.0.1/db1/rdbms/admin/catexf.sql;
@/u01/oracle/product/11.2.0.1/db1/rdbms/admin/catqm.sql change_on_install SYSAUX TEMP YES;
@/u01/oracle/product/11.2.0.1/db1/rdbms/admin/catxdbj.sql;
@/u01/oracle/product/11.2.0.1/db1/rdbms/admin/catrul.sql;

spool /oracle/admin/edidb/scripts/ordinst.log append
@/u01/oracle/product/11.2.0.1/db1/ord/admin/ordinst.sql SYSAUX SYSAUX;
spool off

spool /u01/oracle/admin/ora11g/scripts/interMedia.log append
@/u01/oracle/product/11.2.0.1/db1/ord/im/admin/iminst.sql;
spool off

set echo on
spool /oracle/admin/edidb/scripts/lockAccount.log append
BEGIN
FOR item IN ( SELECT USERNAME FROM DBA_USERS WHERE ACCOUNT_STATUS IN ('OPEN', 'LOCKED', 'EXPIRED') AND USERNAME NOT IN (
'SYS','SYSTEM') )
LOOP
dbms_output.put_line('Locking and Expiring: ' || item.USERNAME);
execute immediate 'alter user ' ||
   sys.dbms_assert.enquote_name(
   sys.dbms_assert.schema_name(
   item.USERNAME),false) || ' password expire account lock' ;
END LOOP;
END;
/
spool off

到此，数据库实例建立完毕。

6.配置tns与listenser /u01/oracle/product/11.2.0.1/db1/network/admin/下

tnsnames.ora

CRM = (DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS =

(PROTOCOL = TCP) (HOST = 127.0.0.1)(PORT = 1521)

)

(CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = crm)

)

listener.ora 监听方式有多种，要求不高的话建议复用原监听，好处是变动小，缺点是不同实例公用监听，可能会不方便。

listener.ora

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = orcl)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/11.2.0.1/db1)
      (PROGRAM = extproc)
    )
    (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = crm)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/11.2.0.1/db1)
      (SID_NAME = crm)
    )
)

单配监听：

SID_LIST_LISTENER=
(SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = crm)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/11.2.0.1/db1)
      (PROGRAM = extproc)
    )
)

LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.100)(PORT = 1521))
    )
)

注意：黄色背景部分需要对应，且不能为数据库实例名，注意listener端口与tns端口对应。

采用单配listener方式时，@crm或toad登录出现ORA-12537 连接关闭错误，但tnsping crm正常，设置sqlnet.ora参数TCP.VALIDNODE_CHECKING=no 未解决问题。判断应该是listener配置问题，改为第一种方式问题解决。

7. 实例停止然后启动，监听停止，然后启动。完成数据库实例和监听的加载

sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL> shutdown immediate --“关闭数据库实例”

SQL> startup --“启动数据库实例”
SQL>exit

$ lsnrctl stop listener -停止名为listener的监听服务

$ lsnrctl start listener -启动名为listener的监听服务

$ lsnrctl reload listener -重新加载名为listener的监听服务