转载]Linux Gstreamer and GST-OMX插件

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原文地址:Linux Gstreamer and GST-OMX插件作者:wuqiseu
1. Gstreamer基本介绍
Gstreamer是linux上的多媒体框架。如下所示:
      [转载]Linux <wbr>Gstreamer <wbr>and <wbr>GST-OMX插件

 从上面这个图中可以看到,底层是以plugin插件形式存在包括codec标准,parser,audio, protocol等,
 也包括用户自己开发的plugin和第三方开发的plugin。
 core framework提供了plugin之间的交互机制和管理,通过将一些plugin连接起来形成一个系统,并且对上
 提供访问的接口。APP是构建在framework上的。

 通过这个框架,底层开发者可以专注于开发plugin,APP开发者通过调用这个plugin来组成完成某种功能的
 APP,plugin之间的通信都是由gstreamer framework提供的。

 目前已经有一些成熟的plugin已经开发,并且作为library提供给了用户:
     gst-plugins-base: an essential exemplary set of elements
     gst-plugins-good: a set of good-quality plug-ins under LGPL
     gst-plugins-ugly: a set of good-quality plug-ins that might pose distribution problems
     gst-plugins-bad:  a set of plug-ins that need more quality

plugin中的element实际上就是实现该element支持的API,供上层来调用.

Gstreamer中的几个术语:
   Elements: plugin的实例,在一个APP中可能需要创建多个elements并且把这些elements连接在一起形成系统
       elements可以分为:
          source element: 没有输入,只有输出pad,用来产生数据。
          sink element:    只有输入pad,没有输出pad,是数据的目的地。如disk,soundcard
          filter element: 包含输入pad和输出pad,接收输入的数据并且产生输出数据
                           输入输出Pad的数目可以是N个(N >= 1)
                          
                         [转载]Linux <wbr>Gstreamer <wbr>and <wbr>GST-OMX插件
                 queue element: 是一个特殊的element,作为thread的边界存在。Gstreamer是可以
                                支持多线程的,线程的边界通过queue来隔开。
                            [转载]Linux <wbr>Gstreamer <wbr>and <wbr>GST-OMX插件

  element state:
      element有4个状态:
           [转载]Linux <wbr>Gstreamer <wbr>and <wbr>GST-OMX插件
   
Pads:element的输入输出端口。elements之间就是通过Pad来进行连接的。数据通过Pads在elements之间
         进行传递。
         输入pad称为 sink pad
         输出pad称为 source pad
 
       element并不禁止自己的source pad和sink pad连接在一起形成一个loop。
       pad的capability 定义了该pad上能够处理的data的类型和一些参数(Gstcaps数据结构):
                [转载]Linux <wbr>Gstreamer <wbr>and <wbr>GST-OMX插件

           

   bin: 是一些elements的集合。对这个bin进行的操作会影响到该bin包含的所有的elements。
   pipeline: pipeline也是一个bin,不过它是一个top level bin。

   [转载]Linux <wbr>Gstreamer <wbr>and <wbr>GST-OMX插件


 Bus: Bus是pipeline传输message给APP时的通路,从下面的图中可以看到,从pipeline中发给APP的message
      需要通过BUS(events/Queries 不需要通过BUS)。在创建pipeline时缺省会创建bus,因此用户不需要
      去单独创建bus。APP需要做的就是为message设置message handler(APP提供callback函数给
      pipeline调用),当pipeline需要发信息给APP时,调用这些APP提供的callback函数。
             gst_bus_add_watch () or gst_bus_add_signal_watch ()
      例子:
             [转载]Linux <wbr>Gstreamer <wbr>and <wbr>GST-OMX插件

        如果使用的是GLIB,那么还可以有另外一种方式来声明callback,见文档。
        Gstreamer定义了一些特殊的message包括error/EOS/State-change/element message,plugin也可以自
        定义一些message。

 通信 communication:
    从框架来看,APP需要和pipeline进行数据和控制信息的通信包括进行play、pause等的控制以及数据的传输
    pipeline中的elements之间也需要进行数据和信息的传输:
       [转载]Linux <wbr>Gstreamer <wbr>and <wbr>GST-OMX插件
 buffers: 在pad上传输的data是通过buffer传输的。 elements <-> elements
       buffer的创建有2种方式,一种是由当前的element自己创建,然后把这个buffer传递给下一个element。
另外一种方式就是dwonstream-allocated buffers,就是由下一个element来创建要求大小的buffer,并提供buffer操作函数,当前element通过调用buffer操作函数将数据写入这个buffer中完成buffer数据传递。
区别在于buffer的创建是在数据传输的源端element创建还是在数据接收端element来创建。

 events: APP向elements发出的或者elements之间的传输都可以通过events。 APP -> elements, elements<->
 messages: elements向APP传输的信息。 elements -> APP
 queries:  APP向elements请求信息,或者elements之间的信息请求。APP->Elements, elements<->
 注意方向,APP和elements之间的传输是有方向的。

 
 Gstreamer的数据驱动(schedule):
   Gstreamer是一个多thread的框架。但是为了performance的原因,不会对每一个element都创建一个thread,
   而是根据应用的特点和element的工作特点来进行thread的划分,thread的边界必须是queue element。
    [转载]Linux <wbr>Gstreamer <wbr>and <wbr>GST-OMX插件
Gstreamer中pad支持两种schedule方式:docs/design/part-activation.txt
   push-based scheduling: 这种scheduling方法中,downstream elements的sink pad上需要定义chain函数
                          (gst_pad_set_chain_function ),upstream elements调用这个chain函数来完成
                          将buffer从upstream(source pad)到downstream elements(sink pad)的传递。
                          这种scheduling方式中source elements递归调用downstream elements的chain函
                          数,最后一直调用到目的elements的才能函数。
                          (由于chain函数是定义在sink pad上,而source element是没有sink pad的,因此
                           source element是不提供chain函数的).
                           调用的顺序是从sink element到source element。(递归调用).
                            sink-to-source elements order。

          [转载]Linux <wbr>Gstreamer <wbr>and <wbr>GST-OMX插件
                       B_chain_function(C_chain_function(buffer2),buffer1)

       在这种模式下,upstream elements通过调用downstream elements sink pad上定义的chain函数
       主动的将数据传输给downstream elements,因此数据驱动是由upstream element发起的。

     Pull-based scheduling:  
         在这种模式下,upstream elements 的source pad上提供了数据访问函数,downstream elements通过
         sink pad主动的去调用upstream elements的函数来要数据,
         因此数据驱动是由downstream elements发起的(在sink pad上调用source pad 上的
         gst_pad_pull_range())。
      
 
   具体到某一个element上的PAD可以有下面几种情况:
         (1) 该element的所有PAD全部使用push-based mode
         (2) 该element的所有pad都采用pull-based mode。
         (3) 该element的sinkpad采用pull-based mode,而该element的sourcepad采用push-based
             mode.  这种elements只能是queue element。在queue element的sink pad和source pad
             上各有一个thread,每一个thread只能有一种数据驱动mode。(GstTask)
        
  
核心代码:

push-based mode://source pad主动调用chain函数
#define GST_PAD_CHAINFUNC(pad)        (GST_PAD_CAST(pad)->chainfunc)
GstFlowReturn  gst_pad_push (GstPad * pad, GstBuffer * buffer)
{
    g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_PAD (pad), GST_FLOW_ERROR);
    g_return_val_if_fail (GST_PAD_IS_SRC (pad), GST_FLOW_ERROR); //source pad调用chain函数
    cache = pad_take_cache (pad, cache_ptr);
    peer = cache->peer;//得到连接在这个sourcePad上的sink pad的list
    ret = GST_PAD_CHAINFUNC (peer) (peer, buffer);//调用sink pad上的chain函数
}

//给sink Pad设置chain函数
void  gst_pad_set_chain_function (GstPad * pad, GstPadChainFunction chain)
{
   g_return_if_fail (GST_IS_PAD (pad));
   g_return_if_fail (GST_PAD_IS_SINK (pad));
   GST_PAD_CHAINFUNC (pad) = chain;
}


pull-based mode:sinkpad主动调用get_range()函数

GstFlowReturn gst_pad_pull_range (GstPad * pad, guint64 offset, guint size, GstBuffer ** buffer)
{
  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_IS_PAD (pad), GST_FLOW_ERROR);
  g_return_val_if_fail (GST_PAD_IS_SINK (pad), GST_FLOW_ERROR);//由sinkpad来调用
  if (G_UNLIKELY ((peer = GST_PAD_PEER (pad)) == NULL)) //通过该sinkpad找到和它连接的sourcepad
    goto not_connected;
  ret = gst_pad_get_range_unchecked (peer, offset, size, buffer);//调用定义在source pad上的
                                                                   get_range函数
}


GstFlowReturn gst_pad_get_range (GstPad * pad, guint64 offset, guint size, GstBuffer ** buffer)
{
  return gst_pad_get_range_unchecked (pad, offset, size, buffer);
}

#define GST_PAD_GETRANGEFUNC(pad)    (GST_PAD_CAST(pad)->getrangefunc)
static GstFlowReturn gst_pad_get_range_unchecked (GstPad * pad, guint64 offset, guint size,
    GstBuffer ** buffer)
{
    if (G_UNLIKELY ((getrangefunc = GST_PAD_GETRANGEFUNC (pad)) == NULL))
            goto no_function;
    ret = getrangefunc (pad, offset, size, buffer);
}
  
那么如何设置当前element的pad上采用哪一种scheduling mode,这就是pad-activation stage:
   (1) 首先gstreamer需要去查询当前pad支持几种scheduling mode。
   (2) Gstreamer来设置当前pad采用的scheduling mode方式,并通知当前pad知道。
        PAD上需要实现notice函数供gstreamer来调用:
               gst_pad_set_activatepull_function ()
               gst_pad_set_activatepush_function ()

#define GST_PAD_ACTIVATEPUSHFUNC(pad)    (GST_PAD_CAST(pad)->activatepushfunc)
      void  gst_pad_set_activatepush_function (GstPad * pad, GstPadActivateModeFunction activatepush)
{
  g_return_if_fail (GST_IS_PAD (pad));
  GST_PAD_ACTIVATEPUSHFUNC (pad) = activatepush; //函数指针
}

 在activatepush()中调用下面的函数来设置mode。
 gboolean gst_pad_activate_push/pull (GstPad * pad, gboolean active)
 
     ......
 }


2 . 基于Gstreamer构建应用APP
    [转载]Linux <wbr>Gstreamer <wbr>and <wbr>GST-OMX插件

第2部分:如何注册一个plugin
     一个plugin中可以包含多个element。每一个element作为plugin的一个feature。
     gst_element_register (GstPlugin * plugin, const gchar * name, guint rank,GType type)
     ->gst_plugin_feature_set_name (GST_PLUGIN_FEATURE_CAST (factory), name);

      首先从APP的角度来看,如何调用一个plugin(使用plugin feature name来调用如fakesink):
             sink = gst_element_factory_make ("fakesink", "swallow_audio");
    
             GstElement * gst_element_factory_make (const gchar * factoryname, const gchar * name)
             {
                  factory = gst_element_factory_find (factoryname);//根据factorName找到
                                                                    GstPluginFeature *feature;
                  element = gst_element_factory_create (factory, name);//通过factory得到plugin并
                                                                         创建element(name)
             }

             GstElementFactory * gst_element_factory_find (const gchar * name)
             {
                     feature = gst_registry_find_feature (gst_registry_get_default (), name,
                               GST_TYPE_ELEMENT_FACTORY);
              }


         GstElement * gst_element_factory_create (GstElementFactory * factory, const gchar * name)
         {
             //gst_plugin_feature_load调用plugin = gst_plugin_load_by_name (feature->plugin_name);
             newfactory = GST_ELEMENT_FACTORY (gst_plugin_feature_load (GST_PLUGIN_FEATURE
                                               (factory)));
             factory = newfactory;
            
           if (name) //创建的instance的name
              element =
                   GST_ELEMENT_CAST (g_object_new (factory->type, "name", name, NULL));
           else
              element = GST_ELEMENT_CAST (g_object_newv (factory->type, 0, NULL));
          }


   gst_element_factory_create->gst_plugin_feature_load()
                         ->plugin = gst_plugin_load_by_name (feature->plugin_name);
                         -> plugin = gst_registry_find_plugin (gst_registry_get_default (), name);
                            newplugin = gst_plugin_load_file (plugin->filename, &error);
                         -> gst_plugin_register_func (plugin, plugin->orig_desc, NULL)
                         -> (desc->plugin_init) (plugin)

    总结下来就是:先通过factoryname找到该plugin的factory数据结构(GstPluginFeature factor->feature),再找到对应的plugin,并调用该plugin提供的plugin_init()函数。
                     [转载]Linux <wbr>Gstreamer <wbr>and <wbr>GST-OMX插件



   (1) gst_init()
      Initializes the GStreamer library, setting up internal path lists,
      registering built-in elements, and loading standard plugins.
      gst_init_check()
      {
         group = gst_init_get_option_group ();
       }
 

在plugin编写中:有2种注册plugin的方式:
    如下面的例子中的macro  GST_PLUGIN_DEFINE:
    GST_PLUGIN_DEFINE (GST_VERSION_MAJOR,
    GST_VERSION_MINOR,
    "avi",
    "AVI stream handling",
    plugin_init, VERSION, "LGPL", GST_PACKAGE_NAME, GST_PACKAGE_ORIGIN)




* This macro needs to be used to define the entry point and meta data of a
 * plugin. One would use this macro to export a plugin, so that it can be used
 * by other applications.
 *
 * The macro uses a define named PACKAGE for the #GstPluginDesc,source field.
 When using autoconf, this is usually set automatically via the AC_INIT
 * macro, and set in config.h. If you are not using autoconf, you will need to
 * define PACKAGE yourself and set it to a short mnemonic string identifying
 * your application/package, e.g. 'someapp' or 'my-plugins-foo.
 *
 * If defined, the GST_PACKAGE_RELEASE_DATETIME will also be used for the
 * #GstPluginDesc,release_datetime field.
   #define GST_PLUGIN_DEFINE(major,minor,name,description,init,version,license,package,origin)    
G_BEGIN_DECLS 
GST_PLUGIN_EXPORT GstPluginDesc gst_plugin_desc = {    
  major,                        
  minor,                        
  name,                            
  (gchar *) description,                
  init,                            
  version,                        
  license,                        
  PACKAGE,                        
  package,                        
  origin,                        
  __GST_PACKAGE_RELEASE_DATETIME,                       
  GST_PADDING_INIT                        
}; 
G_END_DECLS


    类似的有一个对应的静态注册函数:
   #define GST_PLUGIN_DEFINE_STATIC(major,minor,name,description,init,version,license,package,origin)  
static void GST_GNUC_CONSTRUCTOR            
_gst_plugin_static_init__ ##init (void)            
                           
  static GstPluginDesc plugin_desc_ = {            
    major,                        
    minor,                        
    name,                        
    (gchar *) description,                
    init,                        
    version,                        
    license,                        
    PACKAGE,                        
    package,                        
    origin,                        
    NULL,                        
    GST_PADDING_INIT                        
  };                            
  _gst_plugin_register_static (&plugin_desc_);        //调用了静态注册函数
}


编译自己的plugin插件:http://blog.csdn.net/dyzhu/article/details/4357037
   

1. 从模板生成gstreamer插件

 

gst-template是gstreamer插件的开发模板,在gst-plugin/tools目录下有 一个make_element,在gst-plugin/src目录下,运行../tools/make_element myfilter,就可以生成一个myfilter插件。

 

    在gst-plugin目录下的autogen.sh可以自动生成congifure和makefile.in文件,如果这个脚本运行不成功。可以用下面的方法:

 

编译:

#libtool --mode=compile cc `pkg-config --cflags gstreamer-0.10` -DPACKAGE="Gstreamer" -DHAVE_USER_MTU -Wall -Wimplicit -g -o gstmyfilter.o -c gstmyfilter.c

 

链接:

#libtool --mode=link cc -module -avoid-version -rpath /usr/local/lib/gstreamer-0.10/ -export-symbols-regex gst_plugin_desc -o gstmyfilter.la gstmyfilter.lo `pkg-config --libs gstreamer-0.10`

 

安装:

#libtool --mode=install install gstmyfilter.la /usr/local/lib/gstreamer-0.10/

 

之后,就可以在自己的应用程序中创建myfilter的element。

转载两篇相关的文章:http://blog.csdn.net/dyzhu/article/details/4362865

http://blog.csdn.net/dyzhu/article/details/4362865

由于在嵌入式系统中运行gstreamer,受到资源的限制,所以打算只安装gstreamer核心库和一些必须的element,其它的element用到的时候再添加。我的想法是,把base,good,。。。插件包中的需要用到的elment编译成插件。

    拿good插件包中的id3demux做试验(先在pc上试验,可惜pc上已经装了base插件包),把good插件包中的gst/id3demux目录下的5个文件copy到gst-template/gst-plugin/src目录下,用上一篇文章《编译自己的gstreamer插件》中提到的方法编译,郁闷,没通过,有空再研究一下(linux基本知识还很欠缺啊。。。)。

    后来我想,既然gstreamer的插件是动态链接库,那么只是把这些源文件编译成动态链接库是否可以呢?试一下:

    gcc -Wall $(pkg-config --cflags --libs gstreamer-0.10) -DPACKAGE='"GStreamer"' -Wimplicit -fpic -shared -g -o gstid3demux.so gstid3demux.c id3tags.c id3v2frames.c

     把编译出来的gstid3demux.so拷贝到gstreamer库目录下,写个应用程序调用一下,OK,没问题。再用gst-template的工具生成一个myfilter,用同样的方法:

     gcc -Wall $(pkg-config --cflags --libs gstreamer-0.10) -DPACKAGE='"GStreamer"' -DVERSION='"0.10.23"' -Wimplicit -fpic -shared -g -o gstmyfilter.so gstmyfilter.c

      把编译出来的gstmyfilter.so拷贝到gstreamer库目录下,调用成功。

 

      原来,只需要把你element编译成动态连接库就可以了。






    看一个例子:
        [转载]Linux <wbr>Gstreamer <wbr>and <wbr>GST-OMX插件

  上面这个例子中,这个plugin中注册了几个element。在plugin_init()中就是做element的注册
 

 [转载]Linux <wbr>Gstreamer <wbr>and <wbr>GST-OMX插件

struct _GstPluginDesc {
  gint major_version;
  gint minor_version;
  const gchar *name;
  const gchar *description;
  GstPluginInitFunc plugin_init; //初始化函数
  const gchar *version;
  const gchar *license;
  const gchar *source;
  const gchar *package;
  const gchar *origin;
  const gchar *release_datetime;
 
  gpointer _gst_reserved[GST_PADDING - 1];
};

 如下图,一个plugin中注册了多个components(elements)

 [转载]Linux <wbr>Gstreamer <wbr>and <wbr>GST-OMX插件


第3部分:GST-OMX
    GST-omx是Gstreamer的一个plugin,用来和OMX IL封装的codec进行互连。从OMX IL的角度来说,GST-OMX
    其实就是一个OMX IL Client,通过GetHandle得到component的handle来操作component。
    由于是一个plugin,因此需要符合plugin的要求:

    GST_PLUGIN_DEFINE (GST_VERSION_MAJOR,
    GST_VERSION_MINOR,
    "omx",
    "OpenMAX IL",
    plugin_init,
    PACKAGE_VERSION, GST_LICENSE, GST_PACKAGE_NAME, GST_PACKAGE_ORIGIN)

    static gboolean plugin_init (GstPlugin * plugin)
    {
        fetch_element_table (plugin);->path = get_config_path ();通过一个config文件来定义

     }
     缺省的config文件Gstomx_config.c 中default_config如下:
 "omx_mpeg4dec,
"
 type=GstOmxMpeg4Dec,
"
 library-name=libomxil-bellagio.so.0,
"
 component-name=OMX.st.video_decoder.mpeg4,
"
 rank=256;
          
通过解析这个config可以得到library name(.so),component name等信息。config文件的路径可以由环境变量OMX_CONFIG设置,没有设置就使用default config(Gstomx.config)。

GST-OMX中的element做了一些抽象:
      [转载]Linux <wbr>Gstreamer <wbr>and <wbr>GST-OMX插件

  一些API和OMX IL的对应关系:
               [转载]Linux <wbr>Gstreamer <wbr>and <wbr>GST-OMX插件

  以H264dec为例:
在例化时会调用type_instance_init,由于基类是base filter,因此会先调用基类的type_instance_init函数

//Gstomx_h264dec.c
static void
type_instance_init (GTypeInstance * instance, gpointer g_class)
{
  GstOmxBaseVideoDec *omx_base;

  omx_base = GST_OMX_BASE_VIDEODEC (instance);//base videoDEC类型

  omx_base->compression_format = OMX_VIDEO_CodingAVC;
}

//GstOmxBaseVideoDec 构造函数
static void
type_instance_init (GTypeInstance * instance, gpointer g_class)
{
  GstOmxBaseFilter *omx_base;

  omx_base = GST_OMX_BASE_FILTER (instance);

  omx_base->omx_setup = omx_setup;

  omx_base->gomx->settings_changed_cb = settings_changed_cb;

  gst_pad_set_setcaps_function (omx_base->sinkpad, sink_setcaps);
}

基类basefilter的该函数:
static void
type_instance_init (GTypeInstance * instance, gpointer g_class)
{
  GstOmxBaseFilter *self;
  GstElementClass *element_class;

  element_class = GST_ELEMENT_CLASS (g_class);

  self = GST_OMX_BASE_FILTER (instance);

  GST_LOG_OBJECT (self, "begin");

  self->use_timestamps = TRUE;
 
  self->gomx = gstomx_core_new (self, G_TYPE_FROM_CLASS (g_class)); //omx core生成,会调用
                                                                      g_omx_core_init->request_imp
                                                                      ->imp_new->dlopen()
  self->in_port = g_omx_core_new_port (self->gomx, 0);
  self->out_port = g_omx_core_new_port (self->gomx, 1);

  self->ready_lock = g_mutex_new ();

  self->sinkpad =
      gst_pad_new_from_template (gst_element_class_get_pad_template
      (element_class, "sink"), "sink");

  gst_pad_set_chain_function (self->sinkpad, pad_chain);
  gst_pad_set_event_function (self->sinkpad, pad_event);

  self->srcpad =
      gst_pad_new_from_template (gst_element_class_get_pad_template
      (element_class, "src"), "src");

  gst_pad_set_activatepush_function (self->srcpad, activate_push);

  gst_pad_use_fixed_caps (self->srcpad);

  gst_element_add_pad (GST_ELEMENT (self), self->sinkpad);
  gst_element_add_pad (GST_ELEMENT (self), self->srcpad);

  GST_LOG_OBJECT (self, "end");
}

void *
gstomx_core_new (void *object, GType type)
{
  GOmxCore *core = g_omx_core_new (object);
  gstomx_get_component_info (core, type);
  g_omx_core_init (core);
  return core;
}


//对core进行初始化
gboolean
gstomx_get_component_info (void *core, GType type)
{
  GOmxCore *rcore = core;
  const gchar *element_name;
  GstStructure *element;
  const gchar *str;

  element_name = g_type_get_qdata (type, element_name_quark);
  element = get_element_entry (element_name);

  if (!element)
    return FALSE;

  str = gst_structure_get_string (element, "library-name");
  rcore->library_name = g_strdup (str);

  str = gst_structure_get_string (element, "component-name");
  rcore->component_name = g_strdup (str);

  str = gst_structure_get_string (element, "component-role");
  rcore->component_role = g_strdup (str);

  return TRUE;
}


void
g_omx_core_init (GOmxCore * core)
{
  core->imp = request_imp (core->library_name);//core的library_name如何得到的?config文件中读取

  if (!core->imp)
    return;

  //调用了get_handle
  core->omx_error = core->imp->sym_table.get_handle (&core->omx_handle,
      (char *) core->component_name, core, &callbacks);

  if (!core->omx_error) {
    core->omx_state = OMX_StateLoaded;

    if (core->component_role) {
      OMX_PARAM_COMPONENTROLETYPE param;

      GST_DEBUG_OBJECT (core->object, "setting component role: %s",
          core->component_role);

      G_OMX_INIT_PARAM (param);

      strncpy ((char *) param.cRole, core->component_role,
          OMX_MAX_STRINGNAME_SIZE);

      OMX_SetParameter (core->omx_handle, OMX_IndexParamStandardComponentRole,
          &param);
    }
  }
}

通过这些函数的调用,完成了element的例化。其中的关键函数:
core->imp = request_imp (core->library_name);//这里的library_name就是config文件中的library name

如何得到config文件?
在GST-OMX中plugin_init()->fetch_element_table()->get_config_path()中去查找config文件:
寻找的优先级如下:
   1. OMX_CONFIG环境变量设置的文件
   2. 系统目录下的gst-openmax.conf
   3. 用户目录下的gst-openmax.conf

  static gchar * get_config_path (void)
{
  gchar *path;
  const gchar *const *dirs;
  int i;

  path = g_strdup (g_getenv ("OMX_CONFIG")); //读取环境变量中设置的config文件的位置和文件名

  if (path)
    return path;

  dirs = g_get_system_config_dirs (); //如果没有设置环境变量,则去系统目录下看是否这个文件存在
                                        system_dir/gstreamer-0.10/gst-openmax.conf文件
  for (i = 0; dirs[i]; i++) {
    path =
        g_build_filename (dirs[i], "gstreamer-0.10", "gst-openmax.conf", NULL);
    if (g_file_test (path, G_FILE_TEST_IS_REGULAR))
      return path;
    g_free (path);
  }
  //如果上面两个都没有找到,那么返回usr目录下的gst-openmax.conf文件
  //其中g_get_user_config_dir ()的返回值通常为home/user_name/.config
  //在其它的代码中会去测试是否这个文件存在
  return g_build_filename (g_get_user_config_dir (), "gst-openmax.conf", NULL);
}

config的内容:
   [转载]Linux <wbr>Gstreamer <wbr>and <wbr>GST-OMX插件
上面的config中还可以设置一个component_role,在gst-omx.c的plugin_init()函数中有下面的代码:
    [转载]Linux <wbr>Gstreamer <wbr>and <wbr>GST-OMX插件

在很多的omx component中需要这个component_role的设置:
  在TI OMX_CORE.c 中就包含有下面的role表,前面一个是component name后面一个是该component支持的role:
    char *tComponentName[MAXCOMP][2] = {
       {"OMX.TI.Video.Decoder", "video_decoder.avc"},
    {"OMX.TI.Video.Decoder", "video_decoder.vc1"},
    {"OMX.TI.Video.Decoder", "video_decoder.mpeg2"},
    {"OMX.TI.Video.Decoder", "video_decoder.mpeg4"},
    {"OMX.TI.Video.Decoder", "video_decoder.div3"},
    {"OMX.TI.Video.Decoder", "video_decoder.rv"},
    {"OMX.TI.MP3.decode", "audio_decoder.mp3"},
    {"OMX.TI.AAC.encode", "audio_encoder.aac"},
    {"OMX.TI.AAC.decode", "audio_decoder.aac"},
    {"OMX.TI.WMA.decode", "audio_decoder.wma"},
    {"OMX.TI.WBAMR.decode", "audio_decoder.amrwb"},
    {"OMX.TI.AMR.decode", "audio_decoder.amrnb"},
    {"OMX.TI.AMR.encode", "audio_encoder.amrnb"},
    {"OMX.TI.WBAMR.encode", "audio_encoder.amrwb"},
}



//初始化

static inline GOmxImp *
request_imp (const gchar * name)
{
  GOmxImp *imp = NULL;

  g_mutex_lock (imp_mutex);
  imp = g_hash_table_lookup (implementations, name);
  if (!imp) {
    imp = imp_new (name); //打开动态链接库得到函数指针
    if (imp)
      g_hash_table_insert (implementations, g_strdup (name), imp);
  }
  g_mutex_unlock (imp_mutex);

  if (!imp)
    return NULL;

  g_mutex_lock (imp->mutex);
  if (imp->client_count == 0) {
    OMX_ERRORTYPE omx_error;
    omx_error = imp->sym_table.init (); //调用omx_init
    if (omx_error) {
      g_mutex_unlock (imp->mutex);
      return NULL;
    }
  }
  imp->client_count++;
  g_mutex_unlock (imp->mutex);

  return imp;
}


static GOmxImp *
imp_new (const gchar * name)
{
  GOmxImp *imp;

  imp = g_new0 (GOmxImp, 1);

 
  {
    void *handle;

    GST_DEBUG ("loading: %s", name);

    imp->dl_handle = handle = dlopen (name, RTLD_LAZY); //打开omxcore的动态链接库,在GST-OMX
                                                         中只是提供了OMX_CORE.h,没有提供
                                                         OMX_CORE.c,这部分是由OMX提供,
                                                         在stagefright中这个库位libOMXCORE.so
                                                         在GST-OMX中由config中的library name指定
                                                         如下面的libomxil-bellagio.so.0
                   component_name是在getHandle时被调用(打开lib+component_name.SO):
   (core->omx_error = core->imp->sym_table.get_handle (&core->omx_handle,
      (char *) core->component_name, core, &callbacks);)
                  [转载]Linux <wbr>Gstreamer <wbr>and <wbr>GST-OMX插件



    GST_DEBUG ("dlopen(%s) -> %p", name, handle);

    if (!handle) {
      g_warning ("%sn", dlerror ());
      g_free (imp);
      return NULL;
    }

    imp->mutex = g_mutex_new ();
    imp->sym_table.init = dlsym (handle, "OMX_Init"); //得到OMX 函数。
    imp->sym_table.deinit = dlsym (handle, "OMX_Deinit");
    imp->sym_table.get_handle = dlsym (handle, "OMX_GetHandle");
    imp->sym_table.free_handle = dlsym (handle, "OMX_FreeHandle");
  }




struct GstOmxBaseVideoDec
{
  GstOmxBaseFilter omx_base; //继承baseFilter类

  OMX_VIDEO_CODINGTYPE compression_format;
  gint framerate_num;
  gint framerate_denom;
};



//GstOmxBaseFilter 构造函数
static void
type_class_init (gpointer g_class, gpointer class_data)
{
  GObjectClass *gobject_class;
  GstElementClass *gstelement_class;

  gobject_class = G_OBJECT_CLASS (g_class);
  gstelement_class = GST_ELEMENT_CLASS (g_class);

  gobject_class->finalize = finalize;
  gstelement_class->change_state = change_state;

 
  {
    gobject_class->set_property = set_property;
    gobject_class->get_property = get_property;

    gstomx_install_property_helper (gobject_class);
 
    //设置property
    g_object_class_install_property (gobject_class, ARG_USE_TIMESTAMPS,
        g_param_spec_boolean ("use-timestamps", "Use timestamps",
            "Whether or not to use timestamps",
            TRUE, G_PARAM_READWRITE | G_PARAM_STATIC_STRINGS));

    g_object_class_install_property (gobject_class, ARG_NUM_INPUT_BUFFERS,
        g_param_spec_uint ("input-buffers", "Input buffers",
            "The number of OMX input buffers",
            1, 10, 4, G_PARAM_READWRITE | G_PARAM_STATIC_STRINGS));
    g_object_class_install_property (gobject_class, ARG_NUM_OUTPUT_BUFFERS,
        g_param_spec_uint ("output-buffers", "Output buffers",
            "The number of OMX output buffers",
            1, 10, 4, G_PARAM_READWRITE | G_PARAM_STATIC_STRINGS));
  }
 



在base filter中定义了这些property设置函数:
static void
set_property (GObject * obj,
    guint prop_id, const GValue * value, GParamSpec * pspec)
{
  GstOmxBaseFilter *self;

  self = GST_OMX_BASE_FILTER (obj);

  switch (prop_id) {
    case ARG_USE_TIMESTAMPS:
      self->use_timestamps = g_value_get_boolean (value);
      break;
    case ARG_NUM_INPUT_BUFFERS:
    case ARG_NUM_OUTPUT_BUFFERS:
    {
      OMX_PARAM_PORTDEFINITIONTYPE param;
      OMX_HANDLETYPE omx_handle = self->gomx->omx_handle;
      OMX_U32 nBufferCountActual;
      GOmxPort *port = (prop_id == ARG_NUM_INPUT_BUFFERS) ?
          self->in_port : self->out_port;

      if (G_UNLIKELY (!omx_handle)) {
        GST_WARNING_OBJECT (self, "no component");
        break;
      }

      nBufferCountActual = g_value_get_uint (value);

      G_OMX_INIT_PARAM (param);

      param.nPortIndex = port->port_index;
      OMX_GetParameter (omx_handle, OMX_IndexParamPortDefinition, &param); //调用OMX IL API

      if (nBufferCountActual < param.nBufferCountMin) {
        GST_ERROR_OBJECT (self, "buffer count %lu is less than minimum %lu",
            nBufferCountActual, param.nBufferCountMin);
        return;
      }

      param.nBufferCountActual = nBufferCountActual;

      OMX_SetParameter (omx_handle, OMX_IndexParamPortDefinition, &param);
    }
      break;
    default:
      G_OBJECT_WARN_INVALID_PROPERTY_ID (obj, prop_id, pspec);
      break;
  }
}

数据结构中:
struct GstOmxBaseFilter
{
  GstElement element;

  GstPad *sinkpad;
  GstPad *srcpad;

  GOmxCore *gomx; //OMXCORE
  GOmxPort *in_port;
  GOmxPort *out_port;

  gboolean use_timestamps;  
  gboolean ready;
  GMutex *ready_lock;

  GstOmxBaseFilterCb omx_setup;
  GstFlowReturn last_pad_push_return;
  GstBuffer *codec_data;

   
  gboolean share_input_buffer;
  gboolean share_output_buffer;
};

struct GOmxCore
{
  gpointer object;  

  OMX_HANDLETYPE omx_handle; //OMX HANDLE
  OMX_ERRORTYPE omx_error;

  OMX_STATETYPE omx_state;
  GCond *omx_state_condition;
  GMutex *omx_state_mutex;

  GPtrArray *ports;

  GSem *done_sem;
  GSem *flush_sem;
  GSem *port_sem;

  GOmxCb settings_changed_cb;
  GOmxImp *imp;

  gboolean done;

  gchar *library_name;
  gchar *component_name;
  gchar *component_role;
};

struct GOmxPort
{
  GOmxCore *core;
  GOmxPortType type;

  guint num_buffers;
  gulong buffer_size;
  guint port_index;
  OMX_BUFFERHEADERTYPE **buffers;

  GMutex *mutex;
  gboolean enabled;
  gboolean omx_allocate;  
  AsyncQueue *queue;
};

[转载]Linux <wbr>Gstreamer <wbr>and <wbr>GST-OMX插件

在stagefright中是libomxCore.SO,在GST-OMX中通过config文件中的library_name来指定使用的core的so文件
这是因为在omx_core.c中的一些API的实现是同实现相关的,因此需要开发这个core.so由开发者来实现,在
Gst-omx中可以通过config来定义使用的core.so文件
     [转载]Linux <wbr>Gstreamer <wbr>and <wbr>GST-OMX插件
比如stagefright中的TI的实现中:
      OMX_ERRORTYPE TIOMX_Init()
     {
          eError = TIOMX_BuildComponentTable(); //component table的定义就是同实现相关的
     }
     //component name : role
     char *tComponentName[MAXCOMP][2] = {
   
    //{"OMX.TI.JPEG.decoder", "image_decoder.jpeg" },
    {"OMX.TI.JPEG.Encoder", "image_encoder.jpeg"},
    //{"OMX.TI.Video.Decoder", "video_decoder.h263"},
    {"OMX.TI.Video.Decoder", "video_decoder.avc"},
    //{"OMX.TI.Video.Decoder", "video_decoder.mpeg2"},
    {"OMX.TI.Video.Decoder", "video_decoder.mpeg4"},
    {"OMX.TI.Video.Decoder", "video_decoder.wmv"},
    {"OMX.TI.Video.encoder", "video_encoder.mpeg4"},
    {"OMX.TI.Video.encoder", "video_encoder.h263"},
    {"OMX.TI.Video.encoder", "video_encoder.avc"},


从上面这个图中可以看到,GSTREMAER的GST-OMX确实只是通过GOMXCORE(omxcore)来调用GetHandler得到component 的handle后来操作omx component。因此可以认为GST-OMX只是一个OMX IL Client而已。

GST-OMX和OMX IL 工作机制
  通过playbin2来调用omx中实现的decoder,由于decodebin是一个filter类型,因此在filter类型初始化中:
   type_instance_init()会创建一个gomx_core对象来调用OMX IL API;
  {
     self->gomx = gstomx_core_new (self, G_TYPE_FROM_CLASS (g_class)); //打开config中的
                                     omxcore.so,并调用get_handler得到component的IL handler。
     self->in_port = g_omx_core_new_port (self->gomx, 0);
     self->out_port = g_omx_core_new_port (self->gomx, 1);

    //gstreamer这边对应的sinkpad和srcpad,并且为pad上设置chain函数和event
    self->sinkpad =
      gst_pad_new_from_template (gst_element_class_get_pad_template
      (element_class, "sink"), "sink");
  //push-based schedule机制
   gst_pad_set_chain_function (self->sinkpad, pad_chain);
   gst_pad_set_event_function (self->sinkpad, pad_event);

   self->srcpad =
      gst_pad_new_from_template (gst_element_class_get_pad_template
      (element_class, "src"), "src");

   gst_pad_set_activatepush_function (self->srcpad, activate_push);

   gst_pad_use_fixed_caps (self->srcpad);

   gst_element_add_pad (GST_ELEMENT (self), self->sinkpad);
   gst_element_add_pad (GST_ELEMENT (self), self->srcpad);
  }
 另外,由于decodebin是一个filter,包含input/output port,因此同样为OMX生成2个port。在Gstreamer这边
 port对应的就是pad(src_pad,sink_pad)。
       [转载]Linux <wbr>Gstreamer <wbr>and <wbr>GST-OMX插件

在pad_chain()函数中:完成OMX从loaded->idle的跳转和port上资源的分配工作
static GstFlowReturn pad_chain (GstPad * pad, GstBuffer * buf)
{
  if (self->omx_setup) {
      self->omx_setup (self);
    }

    setup_ports (self); //调用get_parameter()得到port上的参数nBufferCountActual/nBufferSize来初始
                          化port(in,out),并将gstreamer的pad和Omx port连接起来(需要注意的是这里要
                          确定是allocate_buffer()还是use_buffer()的方式)

    g_omx_core_prepare (self->gomx);//调用omx的sendCommand(),驱动omx状态机从loaded->idle,分配port
                                      buffer

}

//PORT相关的函数 
static void
setup_ports (GstOmxBaseFilter * self)
{
 
  g_omx_port_setup (self->in_port);
  gst_pad_set_element_private (self->sinkpad, self->in_port);

 
  g_omx_port_setup (self->out_port);
  gst_pad_set_element_private (self->srcpad, self->out_port);

 
  if (g_getenv ("OMX_ALLOCATE_ON")) {
    GST_DEBUG_OBJECT (self, "OMX_ALLOCATE_ON");
    self->in_port->omx_allocate = TRUE;  //True:使用OMX的allocate_buffer方式;false:use_buffer
    self->out_port->omx_allocate = TRUE;
    self->share_input_buffer = FALSE;
    self->share_output_buffer = FALSE;
  } else if (g_getenv ("OMX_SHARE_HACK_ON")) {
    GST_DEBUG_OBJECT (self, "OMX_SHARE_HACK_ON");
    self->share_input_buffer = TRUE;
    self->share_output_buffer = TRUE;
  } else if (g_getenv ("OMX_SHARE_HACK_OFF")) {
    GST_DEBUG_OBJECT (self, "OMX_SHARE_HACK_OFF");
    self->share_input_buffer = FALSE;
    self->share_output_buffer = FALSE;
  } else {
    GST_DEBUG_OBJECT (self, "default sharing and allocation");
  }

  GST_DEBUG_OBJECT (self, "omx_allocate: in: %d, out: %d",
      self->in_port->omx_allocate, self->out_port->omx_allocate);
  GST_DEBUG_OBJECT (self, "share_buffer: in: %d, out: %d",
      self->share_input_buffer, self->share_output_buffer);
}


void
g_omx_core_prepare (GOmxCore * core)
{
  change_state (core, OMX_StateIdle); //OMX状态机 从 loaded->idle

 
  core_for_each_port (core, port_allocate_buffers); //调用allocate_buffers来为port分配buffer。

  wait_for_state (core, OMX_StateIdle);
}

static void
port_allocate_buffers (GOmxPort * port)
{
  guint i;
  gsize size;

  size = port->buffer_size;

  for (i = 0; i < port->num_buffers; i++) {
    if (port->omx_allocate) {
      GST_DEBUG_OBJECT (port->core->object,
          "%d: OMX_AllocateBuffer(), size=%" G_GSIZE_FORMAT, i, size);
      OMX_AllocateBuffer (port->core->omx_handle, &port->buffers[i],
          port->port_index, NULL, size);
    } else {
      gpointer buffer_data;
      buffer_data = g_malloc (size);
      GST_DEBUG_OBJECT (port->core->object,
          "%d: OMX_UseBuffer(), size=%" G_GSIZE_FORMAT, i, size);
      OMX_UseBuffer (port->core->omx_handle, &port->buffers[i],
          port->port_index, NULL, size, buffer_data);
    }
  }
}

然而,对于很多情况来说,上面port上的参数很多都是default值,比如buffer的大小和数目,在实际中这个
设置可能不是正确的,因此如果实际buffer的需求超过了现在使用default参数初始化的port上的设置,底层
会发出"portSettingChange"来通知gst-omx,要求gst-omx重新根据实际的需求来分配port上的buffer.
Gst-omx需要提供几个callback函数:
   static OMX_CALLBACKTYPE callbacks =
    { EventHandler, EmptyBufferDone, FillBufferDone };
在get_handler()是注册给component来使用。其中EventHandler()中就是需要来处理component发给client(gst-omx)的event,其中就包括OMX_EventPortSettingsChanged


buffer数据驱动:
 在OMX中的数据驱动方式如下:
       [转载]Linux <wbr>Gstreamer <wbr>and <wbr>GST-OMX插件

在OMX状态机状态从loaded->idle后,资源分配完成。下面开始进入

static GstFlowReturn pad_chain (GstPad * pad, GstBuffer * buf)
{
  if (G_UNLIKELY (gomx->omx_state == OMX_StateLoaded)) {
   if (self->omx_setup) {
      self->omx_setup (self);
    }

    setup_ports (self);

    g_omx_core_prepare (self->gomx);

    if (gomx->omx_state == OMX_StateIdle) {
      self->ready = TRUE;
      gst_pad_start_task (self->srcpad, output_loop, self->srcpad);
    }
  }

}
 
static void output_loop (gpointer data)
{
   if (G_LIKELY (out_port->enabled)) { //初始化为enable
      OMX_BUFFERHEADERTYPE *omx_buffer = NULL;
      omx_buffer = g_omx_port_request_buffer (out_port); //从port buffer queue中得到一个空的buffer
     
      //对输入buffer,填充数据
      //调用
      g_omx_port_release_buffer (out_port, omx_buffer);

  }
}

//调用fillthisbuffer和emptythisbuffer,开始传递buffer和数据
void g_omx_port_release_buffer (GOmxPort * port, OMX_BUFFERHEADERTYPE * omx_buffer)
{
  switch (port->type) {
    case GOMX_PORT_INPUT:
      OMX_EmptyThisBuffer (port->core->omx_handle, omx_buffer);
      break;
    case GOMX_PORT_OUTPUT:
      OMX_FillThisBuffer (port->core->omx_handle, omx_buffer);
      break;
    default:
      break;
  }
}