linux下mysql中文乱码问题

今天同事开发过程中遇到linux下mysql中文乱码问题，直接通过sql脚本插入中文数据乱码。将解决方法记录下：

1、首先确定server、数据库和表的默认字符级

mysql> show variables like 'character_set_%';+--------------------------+----------------------------+| Variable_name            | Value                      |+--------------------------+----------------------------+| character_set_client     | latin1                     || character_set_connection | latin1                     || character_set_database   | latin1                     || character_set_filesystem | binary                     || character_set_results    | latin1                     || character_set_server     | latin1                     || character_set_system     | utf8                       || character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |+--------------------------+----------------------------+8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

2、通过上面的查询结果，我们知道server和database默认字符集为拉丁文latin1，表毫无疑问是采用server字符集作为默认字符集。这样就导致了，我们通过sql脚本插入中文时乱码的问题。由于我们代码中统一采用了UTF-8作为工程的默认字符集编码，为了统一，我们这里需要将字符集修改为UTF-8。

3、准备通过mysql下my.ini启动文件来修改默认的字符集，找了半天没找到（由于是测试环境，不记得mysql是不是系统自带的了）。那就采用命令行的方式来修改，分别修改server、database、table默认的字符集

mysql> show variables like 'collation_%';+----------------------+-------------------+| Variable_name        | Value             |+----------------------+-------------------+| collation_connection | latin1_swedish_ci || collation_database   | latin1_swedish_ci || collation_server     | latin1_swedish_ci |+----------------------+-------------------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> show variables like 'character_set_%';+--------------------------+----------------------------+| Variable_name            | Value                      |+--------------------------+----------------------------+| character_set_client     | latin1                     || character_set_connection | latin1                     || character_set_database   | latin1                     || character_set_filesystem | binary                     || character_set_results    | latin1                     || character_set_server     | latin1                     || character_set_system     | utf8                       || character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |+--------------------------+----------------------------+8 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> use callcenter;Reading table information for completion of table and column namesYou can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -ADatabase changedmysql> alter database callcenter character set utf8;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)mysql> set names 'utf8';Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> use callcenter;Database changedmysql> select * from um_group;+----+------+----------------+------+| id | name | description    | type |+----+------+----------------+------+|  1 | ??   | ?????????????  |    2 ||  2 | ???  | ?????????????? |    2 ||  3 | aaaa | aaaaaa         |    2 ||  3 | ??   | ??             |    2 ||  4 | ??   | ??             |    2 ||  5 | ??   | ??             |    2 |+----+------+----------------+------+6 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from test;+----+------+-------------+------+| id | name | description | type |+----+------+-------------+------+|  5 | ??   | ??          |    2 |+----+------+-------------+------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> show variables like 'character_%';+--------------------------+----------------------------+| Variable_name            | Value                      |+--------------------------+----------------------------+| character_set_client     | utf8                       || character_set_connection | utf8                       || character_set_database   | utf8                       || character_set_filesystem | binary                     || character_set_results    | utf8                       || character_set_server     | latin1                     || character_set_system     | utf8                       || character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |+--------------------------+----------------------------+8 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> set character_set_server=utf8;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from test;+----+------+-------------+------+| id | name | description | type |+----+------+-------------+------+|  5 | ??   | ??          |    2 ||  6 | ??   | ??          |    2 |+----+------+-------------+------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> drop table test;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)mysql> create table test(    -> name varchar(20)    -> );Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)mysql> insert into test values('啊啊啊');Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from test;+-----------+| name      |+-----------+| 啊啊啊 |+-----------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)