shell编程——循环语句

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=====================================while语句========================================

while语句格式
while  表达式
do  
command
command
done

while 和 if 的条件表达式完全相同,也是[ ] 或commad或test
While 表达式If 表达式表达式值为0,则循环继续表达式值为0,then表达式值为非0,则循环停止表达式值为非0,else

最基本的i++ 条件型循环

i=1
while [ $i -lt 10 ]
do
sed -n "${i}p" 111.txt
i=$(($i+1))必须双层括号
done  

命令型while 循环
while command 命令返回值0(成功执行),循环继续
pause函数,输入任何值继续,输入q退出程序
pause()
{
while echo "Press <return> to proceed or type q to quit:"
do
read cmd
case $cmd in
[qQ]) exit 1;; exit直接退到底,退出shell script
"") break;;     break跳出循环
*) continue;;   continue跳到循环底,重新开始新循环循环
esac
doneWhile echo … 此命令没有失败的可能,所以必须有break,return,exit之类的指令


while 关键字
break———— 用来跳出循环
continue—— 用来不执行余下的部分,直接跳到下一个循环


===========================================FOR语句===================================

for语句格式
for 表达式
do  
command
command
done

i++,n=n+1 必须用双层括号 $(($num+1)) ,单层括号$($num+1)不管用 
[root@mac-home home]# vi test.sh
:
echo "input num:"
read num
echo "input is $num"

num=$($num+1)
echo "new num is $num"

[root@mac-home home]# sh test.sh
input num:
3
input is 3
test.sh: line 6: 3+1: command not found
new num is[root@mac-home home]# vi test.sh
:
echo "input num:"
read num
echo "input is $num"

num=$(($num+1))
echo "new num is $num"

[root@mac-home home]# sh test.sh
input num:
3
input is 3
new num is 4

(( ))与[ ]作用完全相同
echo input:
read i
i=$(($i+1))
echo $i echo input:
read i
i=$[$i+1]
echo $i[macg@localhost ~]$ sh ttt.sh
input:
6
7[macg@localhost ~]$ sh ttt.sh
input:
6
7

  再证明(( ))与[ ]完全相同--------if (( ))
if (( $# != 3 )); then
echo "usage: $0 host user passwd"
exit 1
fiif [ $# != 3 ]; then
echo "usage: $0 host user passwd"
exit 1
fi[macg@localhost ~]$ sh ttt.sh 1 2
usage: ttt.sh host user passwd[macg@localhost ~]$ sh ttt.sh 1 2
usage: ttt.sh host user passwd

$foo=$(($foo+1)) # 运行的时候这个地方报错
给变量赋值,左边的变量不需要加 $ 符号,
foo=$(($foo+1))  
赋值=,read,export都不需要加变量$