搭建postfix邮件服务器

需要安装的软件包：postfix

环境为：redhat 6.1 32bit

主配置文件 /etc/postfix/main.cf
运行参数配置/etc/postfix/master.cf
访问控制文件 /etc/postfix/access
别名数据库文件/etc/aliases
虚拟别名域库文件/etc/postfix/virtual

这次实验实现了收发邮件的基本功能，还有指定别名实现群发。

具体过程如下：

[root@localhost etc]# cd /var/named/chroot/var/named/[root@localhost named]# ls1.zone  data     named.ca     named.localhost  slaveschroot  dynamic  named.empty  named.loopback[root@localhost named]# vim 1.zone#先修改DNS域名服务器，使之能够解析邮件服务器地址$TTL 1D@       IN SOA example.com. root. (                                        0       ; serial                                        1D      ; refresh                                        1H      ; retry                                        1W      ; expire                                        3H )    ; minimum        NS      chen@       MX      10      mail#@ 指在本域内，即example.com，MX为邮件服务器解析，10优先级，mail为邮件服务器的hostnamemail    A       192.169.1.100#解析到自己example.com.    A       192.169.1.100station1        A       192.169.1.100www             A       192.169.1.100chen            A       192.169.1.100ftp             CNAME   www[root@localhost named]# service named restart停止 named：..^C[root@localhost named]# ps aux|grep namedroot      6205  0.0  0.0 103244   860 pts/12   S+   11:04   0:00 grep namednamed    30927  0.0  2.9 235964 30508 ?        Ssl  01:36   0:05 /usr/sbin/named -u named -t /var/named/chroot[root@localhost named]# kill -9 30927[root@localhost named]# service named start启动 named：                                               [确定][root@localhost named]# nslookup www.example.comServer:192.169.1.100Address:192.169.1.100#53Name:www.example.comAddress: 192.169.1.100[root@localhost named]# nslookup mail.example.com#可以正常解析Server:192.169.1.100Address:192.169.1.100#53Name:mail.example.comAddress: 192.169.1.100[root@localhost named]# hostnamelocalhost.localdomain[root@localhost named]# hostname mail.example.com#修改hostname[root@localhost named]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network#写入配置文件NETWORKING=yesHOSTNAME=mail.example.com[root@localhost named]# yum -y install postfix#安装postfix包Loaded plugins: refresh-packagekit, rhnpluginThis system is not registered with RHN.RHN support will be disabled.Setting up Install ProcessResolving Dependencies--> Running transaction check---> Package postfix.i686 2:2.6.6-2.2.el6_1 set to be updated--> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved================================================================================ Package        Arch        Version                    Repository          Size================================================================================Updating: postfix        i686        2:2.6.6-2.2.el6_1          rhel-source        2.0 MTransaction Summary================================================================================Install       0 Package(s)Upgrade       1 Package(s)Total download size: 2.0 MDownloading Packages:Running rpm_check_debugRunning Transaction TestTransaction Test SucceededRunning Transaction  Updating       : 2:postfix-2.6.6-2.2.el6_1.i686                           1/2   Cleanup        : 2:postfix-2.6.6-2.el6.i686                               2/2 Updated:  postfix.i686 2:2.6.6-2.2.el6_1                                                Complete![root@localhost named]# cd /etc/postfix/[root@localhost postfix]# lsaccess     generic        main.cf    relocated  virtualcanonical  header_checks  master.cf  transport[root@localhost postfix]# vim main.cf#修改主配置文件#主要配置如下几个地方myhostname = mail.example.com#本机主机名mydomain = example.com#域名myorigin = $mydomain#设置由本机寄出去的邮件所使用的域名或主机名inet_interfaces = all#postfix所监听的网络mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost, example.com#设置可接受邮件的主机名和域名mynetworks = 192.169.1.0/24#设置在什么网络内收发邮件relay_domains = $mydestination#设置在什么网域内收发邮件[root@localhost postfix]# service postfix restart关闭 postfix：                                             [确定]启动 postfix：                                             [确定][root@localhost postfix]# id user1uid=502(user1) gid=502(user1) 组=502(user1)[root@localhost postfix]# mail user1Subject: hello user1nihaoEOT[root@localhost postfix]# su - user1[user1@mail ~]$ mailHeirloom Mail version 12.4 7/29/08.  Type ? for help."/var/spool/mail/user1": 1 message 1 new>N  1 root                  Mon Aug 13 11:14  18/551   "hello user1"& 1Message  1:From [e-mail]  Mon Aug 13 11:14:57 2012Return-Path: <[e-mail]>X-Original-To: user1Delivered-To: [e-mail]: Mon, 13 Aug 2012 11:14:57 +0800To: [e-mail]: hello user1User-Agent: Heirloom mailx 12.4 7/29/08Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-asciiFrom: [e-mail] (root)Status: Rnihao& quitHeld 1 message in /var/spool/mail/user1[user1@mail ~]$ ------------------群发，指定别名-------------------[root@localhost postfix]# pwd/etc/postfix[root@localhost postfix]# lsaccess     generic        main.cf    relocated  virtualcanonical  header_checks  master.cf  transport[root@localhost postfix]# vim main.cf #指定别名数据库，第386和397行要打开，指定别名数据库385 #alias_maps = dbm:/etc/aliases386 alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases387 #alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases, nis:mail.aliases388 #alias_maps = netinfo:/aliases389 390 # The alias_database parameter specifies the alias database(s) that391 # are built with "newaliases" or "sendmail -bi".  This is a separate392 # configuration parameter, because alias_maps (see above) may specify393 # tables that are not necessarily all under control by Postfix.394 #395 #alias_database = dbm:/etc/aliases396 #alias_database = dbm:/etc/mail/aliases397 alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases398 #alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases, hash:/opt/majordomo/aliases[root@localhost postfix]# vim /etc/aliasesYou have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root 92 # trap decode to catch security attacks 93 decode:         root 94 jinpeng.chen:   user1, user2#增加这行，jinpeng.chen为其他所有用户到别名 95 # Person who should get root's mail 96 #root:          marc[root@localhost postfix]# newaliases#刷新别名数据库[root@localhost postfix]# mail jinpeng.chenSubject: qunfahello,everyone....EOT[root@localhost postfix]# su - user1[user1@mail ~]$ mailHeirloom Mail version 12.4 7/29/08.  Type ? for help."/var/spool/mail/user1": 2 messages 1 new    1 root                  Mon Aug 13 11:14  19/562   "hello user1">N  2 root                  Mon Aug 13 11:35  18/578   "qunfa"& 2Message  2:From [e-mail]  Mon Aug 13 11:35:36 2012Return-Path: <[e-mail]>X-Original-To: jinpeng.chenDelivered-To: [e-mail]: Mon, 13 Aug 2012 11:35:36 +0800To: [e-mail]: qunfaUser-Agent: Heirloom mailx 12.4 7/29/08Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-asciiFrom: [e-mail] (root)Status: Rhello,everyone...& quitHeld 2 messages in /var/spool/mail/user1[user1@mail ~]$ exitlogout[root@localhost postfix]# su - user2[user2@mail ~]$ mailHeirloom Mail version 12.4 7/29/08.  Type ? for help."/var/spool/mail/user2": 1 message 1 new>N  1 root                  Mon Aug 13 11:35  18/578   "qunfa"& 1Message  1:From [e-mail]  Mon Aug 13 11:35:37 2012Return-Path: <[e-mail]>X-Original-To: jinpeng.chenDelivered-To: [e-mail]: Mon, 13 Aug 2012 11:35:36 +0800To: [e-mail]: qunfaUser-Agent: Heirloom mailx 12.4 7/29/08Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-asciiFrom: [e-mail] (root)Status: Rhello,everyone...& quitHeld 1 message in /var/spool/mail/user2[user2@mail ~]$