Cpufreq Ondemand

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1: drivers/cpufreq/cpufreq_ondemand.c

A:

static inline void dbs_timer_init(struct cpu_dbs_info_s *dbs_info)
{
/* We want all CPUs to do sampling nearly on same jiffy */
int delay = usecs_to_jiffies(dbs_tuners_ins.sampling_rate);
if (num_online_cpus() > 1)
delay -= jiffies % delay;
dbs_info->sample_type = DBS_NORMAL_SAMPLE;
INIT_DELAYED_WORK_DEFERRABLE(&dbs_info->work, do_dbs_timer); // 简单说就是： dbs_info->work = do_dbs_timer

(1)

static void do_dbs_timer(struct work_struct *work)
{
struct cpu_dbs_info_s *dbs_info =
container_of(work, struct cpu_dbs_info_s, work.work);

unsigned int cpu = dbs_info->cpu;
int sample_type = dbs_info->sample_type;
int delay;

mutex_lock(&dbs_info->timer_mutex);

/* Common NORMAL_SAMPLE setup */

dbs_info->sample_type = DBS_NORMAL_SAMPLE;
if (!dbs_tuners_ins.powersave_bias ||
sample_type == DBS_NORMAL_SAMPLE) {
dbs_check_cpu(dbs_info); /////////////////// 这里，做了ｃｐｕｆｒｅｑ的升降操作
if (dbs_info->freq_lo) {
/* Setup timer for SUB_SAMPLE */
dbs_info->sample_type = DBS_SUB_SAMPLE;
delay = dbs_info->freq_hi_jiffies;
} else {
/* We want all CPUs to do sampling nearly on
* same jiffy
*/
delay = usecs_to_jiffies(dbs_tuners_ins.sampling_rate
* dbs_info->rate_mult);
if (num_online_cpus() > 1)
delay -= jiffies % delay;
}
} else {
__cpufreq_driver_target(dbs_info->cur_policy,
dbs_info->freq_lo, CPUFREQ_RELATION_H);
delay = dbs_info->freq_lo_jiffies;
}
schedule_delayed_work_on(cpu, &dbs_info->work, delay);
mutex_unlock(&dbs_info->timer_mutex);
}
C:
static void dbs_check_cpu(struct cpu_dbs_info_s *this_dbs_info)
{
unsigned int max_load_freq;
struct cpufreq_policy *policy;
unsigned int j;
this_dbs_info->freq_lo = 0;
policy = this_dbs_info->cur_policy;
/*
* Every sampling_rate, we check, if current idle time is less
* than 20% (default), then we try to increase frequency
* Every sampling_rate, we look for a the lowest
* frequency which can sustain the load while keeping idle time over
* 30%. If such a frequency exist, we try to decrease to this frequency.
*
* Any frequency increase takes it to the maximum frequency.
* Frequency reduction happens at minimum steps of
* 5% (default) of current frequency
*/
/* Get Absolute Load - in terms of freq */
max_load_freq = 0;
for_each_cpu(j, policy->cpus) {
struct cpu_dbs_info_s *j_dbs_info;
cputime64_t cur_wall_time, cur_idle_time, cur_iowait_time;
unsigned int idle_time, wall_time, iowait_time;
unsigned int load, load_freq;
int freq_avg;
j_dbs_info = &per_cpu(od_cpu_dbs_info, j);
cur_idle_time = get_cpu_idle_time(j, &cur_wall_time);
cur_iowait_time = get_cpu_iowait_time(j, &cur_wall_time);
wall_time = (unsigned int) cputime64_sub(cur_wall_time,
j_dbs_info->prev_cpu_wall);
j_dbs_info->prev_cpu_wall = cur_wall_time;

idle_time = (unsigned int) cputime64_sub(cur_idle_time,
j_dbs_info->prev_cpu_idle);
j_dbs_info->prev_cpu_idle = cur_idle_time;
iowait_time = (unsigned int) cputime64_sub(cur_iowait_time,
j_dbs_info->prev_cpu_iowait);
j_dbs_info->prev_cpu_iowait = cur_iowait_time;
if (dbs_tuners_ins.ignore_nice) {
cputime64_t cur_nice;
unsigned long cur_nice_jiffies;
cur_nice = cputime64_sub(kstat_cpu(j).cpustat.nice,
j_dbs_info->prev_cpu_nice);
/*
* Assumption: nice time between sampling periods will
* be less than 2^32 jiffies for 32 bit sys
*/
cur_nice_jiffies = (unsigned long)
cputime64_to_jiffies64(cur_nice);
j_dbs_info->prev_cpu_nice = kstat_cpu(j).cpustat.nice;
idle_time += jiffies_to_usecs(cur_nice_jiffies);
}
/*
* For the purpose of ondemand, waiting for disk IO is an
* indication that you're performance critical, and not that
* the system is actually idle. So subtract the iowait time
* from the cpu idle time.
*/
if (dbs_tuners_ins.io_is_busy && idle_time >= iowait_time)
idle_time -= iowait_time;
if (unlikely(!wall_time || wall_time < idle_time))
continue;
load = 100 * (wall_time - idle_time) / wall_time; ////// cpu load 的百分比
freq_avg = __cpufreq_driver_getavg(policy, j);
if (freq_avg <= 0)
freq_avg = policy->cur;
load_freq = load * freq_avg;
if (load_freq > max_load_freq)
max_load_freq = load_freq;
}
/* Check for frequency increase */
if (max_load_freq > dbs_tuners_ins.up_threshold * policy->cur) {
/* If switching to max speed, apply sampling_down_factor */
if (policy->cur < policy->max)
this_dbs_info->rate_mult =
dbs_tuners_ins.sampling_down_factor;
dbs_freq_increase(policy, policy->max);
return;
}

/* Check for frequency decrease */
/* if we cannot reduce the frequency anymore, break out early */
if (policy->cur == policy->min)
return;

/*
* The optimal frequency is the frequency that is the lowest that
* can support the current CPU usage without triggering the up
* policy. To be safe, we focus 10 points under the threshold.
*/
if (max_load_freq <
(dbs_tuners_ins.up_threshold - dbs_tuners_ins.down_differential) *
policy->cur) {
unsigned int freq_next;
freq_next = max_load_freq /
(dbs_tuners_ins.up_threshold -
dbs_tuners_ins.down_differential);
/* No longer fully busy, reset rate_mult */
this_dbs_info->rate_mult = 1;
if (freq_next < policy->min)
freq_next = policy->min;

if (!dbs_tuners_ins.powersave_bias) {
__cpufreq_driver_target(policy, freq_next,
CPUFREQ_RELATION_L);
} else {
int freq = powersave_bias_target(policy, freq_next,
CPUFREQ_RELATION_L);
   __cpufreq_driver_target(policy, freq,
CPUFREQ_RELATION_L);
}
}
}

2：drivers/cpufreq/cpufreq.c

A:
int __cpufreq_driver_target(struct cpufreq_policy *policy, unsigned int target_freq, unsigned int relation)
{
int retval = -EINVAL;
pr_debug("target for CPU %u: %u kHz, relation %u\n", policy->cpu,
target_freq, relation);
if (cpu_online(policy->cpu) && cpufreq_driver->target)
retval = cpufreq_driver->target(policy, target_freq, relation);
return retval;
}

3:drivers/cpufreq/speedstep-ich.c

A:

static struct cpufreq_driver speedstep_driver = {
.name = "speedstep-ich",
.verify = speedstep_verify,
.target = speedstep_target,
.init = speedstep_cpu_init,
.exit = speedstep_cpu_exit,
.get = speedstep_get,
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.attr = speedstep_attr,
};

B:

/**
* speedstep_target - set a new CPUFreq policy
* @policy: new policy
* @target_freq: the target frequency
* @relation: how that frequency relates to achieved frequency
* (CPUFREQ_RELATION_L or CPUFREQ_RELATION_H)
*
* Sets a new CPUFreq policy.
*/
static int speedstep_target(struct cpufreq_policy *policy,
unsigned int target_freq,
unsigned int relation)
{
unsigned int newstate = 0, policy_cpu;
struct cpufreq_freqs freqs;
int i;

if (cpufreq_frequency_table_target(policy, &speedstep_freqs[0],
target_freq, relation, &newstate))
return -EINVAL;

policy_cpu = cpumask_any_and(policy->cpus, cpu_online_mask);
freqs.old = speedstep_get(policy_cpu);
freqs.new = speedstep_freqs[newstate].frequency;
freqs.cpu = policy->cpu;
pr_debug("transiting from %u to %u kHz\n", freqs.old, freqs.new);
/* no transition necessary */
if (freqs.old == freqs.new)
return 0;

for_each_cpu(i, policy->cpus) {
freqs.cpu = i;
cpufreq_notify_transition(&freqs, CPUFREQ_PRECHANGE);
}
smp_call_function_single(policy_cpu, _speedstep_set_state, &newstate,
true);
for_each_cpu(i, policy->cpus) {
freqs.cpu = i;
cpufreq_notify_transition(&freqs, CPUFREQ_POSTCHANGE);
}

return 0;
}

C:

/**
* speedstep_init - initializes the SpeedStep CPUFreq driver
*
* Initializes the SpeedStep support. Returns -ENODEV on unsupported
* devices, -EINVAL on problems during initiatization, and zero on
* success.
*/
static int __init speedstep_init(void)
{
/* detect processor */
speedstep_processor = speedstep_detect_processor();
if (!speedstep_processor) {
pr_debug("Intel(R) SpeedStep(TM) capable processor "
"not found\n");
return -ENODEV;
}
/* detect chipset */
if (!speedstep_detect_chipset()) {
pr_debug("Intel(R) SpeedStep(TM) for this chipset not "
"(yet) available.\n");
return -ENODEV;
}
/* activate speedstep support */
if (speedstep_activate()) {
pci_dev_put(speedstep_chipset_dev);
return -EINVAL;
}
if (speedstep_find_register())
return -ENODEV;
return cpufreq_register_driver(&speedstep_driver);
}

4:drivers/cpufreq/cpufreq.c

A:

/**
* cpufreq_notify_transition - call notifier chain and adjust_jiffies
* on frequency transition.
*
* This function calls the transition notifiers and the "adjust_jiffies"
* function. It is called twice on all CPU frequency changes that have
* external effects.
*/
void cpufreq_notify_transition(struct cpufreq_freqs *freqs, unsigned int state)
{
struct cpufreq_policy *policy;
BUG_ON(irqs_disabled());
freqs->flags = cpufreq_driver->flags;
pr_debug("notification %u of frequency transition to %u kHz\n",
state, freqs->new);

policy = per_cpu(cpufreq_cpu_data, freqs->cpu);
switch (state) {
case CPUFREQ_PRECHANGE:
/* detect if the driver reported a value as "old frequency"
* which is not equal to what the cpufreq core thinks is
* "old frequency".
*/
if (!(cpufreq_driver->flags & CPUFREQ_CONST_LOOPS)) {
if ((policy) && (policy->cpu == freqs->cpu) &&
(policy->cur) && (policy->cur != freqs->old)) {
pr_debug("Warning: CPU frequency is"
" %u, cpufreq assumed %u kHz.\n",
freqs->old, policy->cur);
freqs->old = policy->cur;
}
}
srcu_notifier_call_chain(&cpufreq_transition_notifier_list,
CPUFREQ_PRECHANGE, freqs);
adjust_jiffies(CPUFREQ_PRECHANGE, freqs);
break;

case CPUFREQ_POSTCHANGE:
adjust_jiffies(CPUFREQ_POSTCHANGE, freqs);
pr_debug("FREQ: %lu - CPU: %lu", (unsigned long)freqs->new,
(unsigned long)freqs->cpu);
trace_power_frequency(POWER_PSTATE, freqs->new, freqs->cpu);
trace_cpu_frequency(freqs->new, freqs->cpu);
srcu_notifier_call_chain(&cpufreq_transition_notifier_list,
CPUFREQ_POSTCHANGE, freqs);
if (likely(policy) && likely(policy->cpu == freqs->cpu))
policy->cur = freqs->new;
break;
}
}

B:
/*********************************************************************
* EXTERNALLY AFFECTING FREQUENCY CHANGES *
*********************************************************************/

/**
* adjust_jiffies - adjust the system "loops_per_jiffy"
*
* This function alters the system "loops_per_jiffy" for the clock
* speed change. Note that loops_per_jiffy cannot be updated on SMP
* systems as each CPU might be scaled differently. So, use the arch
* per-CPU loops_per_jiffy value wherever possible.
*/

#ifndef CONFIG_SMP
static unsigned long l_p_j_ref;
static unsigned int l_p_j_ref_freq;
static void adjust_jiffies(unsigned long val, struct cpufreq_freqs *ci)
{
if (ci->flags & CPUFREQ_CONST_LOOPS)
return;
if (!l_p_j_ref_freq) {
l_p_j_ref = loops_per_jiffy;
l_p_j_ref_freq = ci->old;
pr_debug("saving %lu as reference value for loops_per_jiffy; "
"freq is %u kHz\n", l_p_j_ref, l_p_j_ref_freq);
}
if ((val == CPUFREQ_PRECHANGE && ci->old < ci->new) ||
(val == CPUFREQ_RESUMECHANGE || val == CPUFREQ_SUSPENDCHANGE)) {
loops_per_jiffy = cpufreq_scale(l_p_j_ref, l_p_j_ref_freq,
ci->new);
pr_debug("scaling loops_per_jiffy to %lu "
"for frequency %u kHz\n", loops_per_jiffy, ci->new);
}
}
#else
static inline void adjust_jiffies(unsigned long val, struct cpufreq_freqs *ci)
{
return;
}
#endif

5: include/linux/cpufreq.h

/**
* cpufreq_scale - "old * mult / div" calculation for large values (32-bit-arch safe)
* @old: old value
* @div: divisor
* @mult: multiplier
*
*
* new = old * mult / div
*/
static inline unsigned long cpufreq_scale(unsigned long old, u_int div, u_int mult)
{
#if BITS_PER_LONG == 32
u64 result = ((u64) old) * ((u64) mult);
do_div(result, div);
return (unsigned long) result;
#elif BITS_PER_LONG == 64
unsigned long result = old * ((u64) mult);
result /= div;
return result;
#endif
};

schedule_delayed_work_on(dbs_info->cpu, &dbs_info->work, delay);

(1) kernel/workqueue.c

A:
/**
* schedule_delayed_work_on - queue work in global workqueue on CPU after delay
* @cpu: cpu to use
* @dwork: job to be done
* @delay: number of jiffies to wait
*
* After waiting for a given time this puts a job in the kernel-global
* workqueue on the specified CPU.
*/
int schedule_delayed_work_on(int cpu,
struct delayed_work *dwork, unsigned long delay)
{
return queue_delayed_work_on(cpu, system_wq, dwork, delay);
}

B:
/**
* queue_delayed_work_on - queue work on specific CPU after delay
* @cpu: CPU number to execute work on
* @wq: workqueue to use
* @dwork: work to queue
* @delay: number of jiffies to wait before queueing
*
* Returns 0 if @work was already on a queue, non-zero otherwise.
*/

int queue_delayed_work_on(int cpu, struct workqueue_struct *wq,
struct delayed_work *dwork, unsigned long delay)
{
int ret = 0;
struct timer_list *timer = &dwork->timer;
struct work_struct *work = &dwork->work;
if (!test_and_set_bit(WORK_STRUCT_PENDING_BIT, work_data_bits(work))) {
unsigned int lcpu;
BUG_ON(timer_pending(timer));
BUG_ON(!list_empty(&work->entry));

timer_stats_timer_set_start_info(&dwork->timer);

/*
* This stores cwq for the moment, for the timer_fn.
* Note that the work's gcwq is preserved to allow
* reentrance detection for delayed works.
*/
if (!(wq->flags & WQ_UNBOUND)) {
struct global_cwq *gcwq = get_work_gcwq(work);
if (gcwq && gcwq->cpu != WORK_CPU_UNBOUND)
lcpu = gcwq->cpu;
else
lcpu = raw_smp_processor_id();
} else
lcpu = WORK_CPU_UNBOUND;
set_work_cwq(work, get_cwq(lcpu, wq), 0);
timer->expires = jiffies + delay;
timer->data = (unsigned long)dwork;
timer->function = delayed_work_timer_fn;
if (unlikely(cpu >= 0))
add_timer_on(timer, cpu);
else
add_timer(timer);
ret = 1;
}
return ret;
}

}