boost库的使用_tuple

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tuple的使用

一 Boost::tuple

    很多的时候我们经常需要为我们的函数返回多个值,一般的做法是通过传入非常量的指针或引用,但是这样的话可能可读性就要差一些,使用者可能需要确切的文档才能确定到底哪个是返回值,为了更好的可读性,我们可以使用class或struct来封装我们要返回的多个值,然后返回封装struct或class,但是使用这种方法的弊端就是增加的程序的代码量,最好的解决办法其实我们可以通过一种匿名的struct或class来解决这个问题。
    
    Boost::tuple就为我们提供了一种类似于匿名struct的方法为我们解决函数的多个返回值的问题。既增强了代码的可读性有不增加代码量。其实在STL中已经有这样的特例,std::pair其实就是boost::tuple的2个参数的特例,对boost::tuple你可以绑定更多的参数,或者你可以迭代实现无限多参数的情况。
  

二 源码剖析

头文件: "boost/tuple/tuple.hpp",它包含了 tuple 类模板及库的核心部分。

头文件: "boost/tuple/tuple_io.hpp",包含了对 tuple 的输入输出操作符。

头文件: "boost/tuple/tuple_comparison.hpp",包含了 tuple 的关系操作符。

为了方便使用,Tuple 库中有些名字位于名字空间 boost:如 tuple, make_tuple, tie, 和 get.

函数说明:

  1)构造函数
  2)拷贝构造函数
  3)t.get<N>()或get<N>(t) ,取得第N个值
  4)make_tuple ,生成tuple
  5)tie , 生成都是ref的tuple
  6) 重载比较运算符 ,可以直接用来比较
  7)重载输入输出运算符 ,可以直接使用IO
  8)get_head()和get_tail()函数,用来取得值
  9)length<>和element<>用来得到tuple的size和第N个的值类型
 10)如果使用boost::TR1,则还可以使用std::tr1::tuple_size(),std::tr1::tuple_element(),分别用来得到tuple的size和第N个值的类型。


三 实例

   1)tuple的构造,拷贝构造函数,get成员函数,get全局函数,make_tuple全局函数。  

#include <string>
#include 
<iostream>
#include 
"boost/tuple/tuple.hpp"

boost::tuples::tuple
<int,double> get_values()
{  
    
return boost::make_tuple(6,12.0);
}

class base 
{
public:  
    
virtual ~base() {}
    
virtual void test() 
    
{    
        std::cout 
<< "base::test() "
    }

}
;
class derived : public base 
{
public:  
    
virtual void test() { std::cout << "derived::test() "; }
}
;

void main()
{
    
// test for constructor
    boost::tuple<int,double,std::string>  triple(42,3.14,"My first tuple!");
    boost::tuple
<short,int,long> another;
    boost::tuple
<int,int,double> another2(10);

    
// test for make_tuple , ref and cref function
    int plain=42;
    
int& ref=plain;
    
const int& cref=ref;

    boost::tuples::tuple
<int> plaint(plain);
    plaint 
= boost::make_tuple(plain);
    plaint 
= boost::make_tuple(ref);
    plaint 
= boost::make_tuple(cref);

    boost::tuples::tuple
<int&>     reft(ref);
    boost::make_tuple(boost::
ref(plain));
    boost::make_tuple(boost::
ref(ref));
    boost::make_tuple(boost::
ref(cref));

    boost::tuples::tuple
<const int&> creft(cref);
    boost::make_tuple(boost::cref(plain));
    boost::make_tuple(boost::cref(
ref));
    boost::make_tuple(boost::cref(cref));


    
// test for get function
    boost::tuple<int,double,std::string> triple2(42,3.14,"The amazing tuple!"); 
    
int i=boost::tuples::get<0>(triple2);  
    
double d=triple2.get<1>(); 
    std::
string s=boost::get<2>(triple2);   

    
// test for function return tuple
    boost::tuples::tuple<int,double> value = get_values();

    
// test for copy constructor 
    boost::tuple<int,std::string,derived> tup1(-5,"Tuples"); 
    boost::tuple
<unsigned int,std::string,base> tup2; 
    tup2
=tup1;  
    tup2.
get<2>().test(); 
    std::cout 
<< "Interesting value: "     << tup2.get<0>() << " "
    
const boost::tuple<double,std::string,base> tup3(tup2);  
    
//tup3.get<0>()=3.14; // error, because tup3 is const

    boost::tuples::tuple
<int,int,double> tuple1(10,30,20.000);
    
int head = tuple1.get_head();
    
int tailhead = tuple1.get_tail().get_head();
    
double tail = tuple1.get_tail().get_tail().get_head();

    
// for TR1
    /*boost::tuples::tuple<double, char, int> tuplesize;    
    std::tr1::tuple_size();
    std::tr1::tuple_element();
*/


}

 

   2)使用tie函数模版来生成对ref的绑定的tuple,tuple的比较使用,tuple的输入输出:

#include <string>
#include 
<iostream>
#include 
<vector>
#include 
<algorithm>
#include 
"boost/tuple/tuple.hpp"
#include 
"boost/tuple/tuple_comparison.hpp"
#include 
"boost/tuple/tuple_io.hpp"
template 
<int Index> 
class element_less
{
public:  
    template 
<typename Tuple>   
    
bool operator()(const Tuple& lhs,const Tuple& rhs) const 
    
{   
        
return boost::get<Index>(lhs)<boost::get<Index>(rhs); 
    }
 
}
;
int main()
{
    
// Tiers are tuples, where all elements are of non-const reference types.
    
// They are constructed with a call to the tie function template     
    int i; char c; double d; 
    boost::tie(i, c, d) 
= boost::make_tuple(1,"a"5.5);
    std::cout 
<< i << " " <<  c << " " << d << std::endl;

    
// test ignore
    char ch;
    boost::tie(boost::tuples::ignore, ch) 
= std::make_pair(1"a");
    std::cout 
<< ch << std::endl;

    
// test for comparison
    boost::tuple<int,std::string> tup1(11,"Match?"); 
    boost::tuple
<short,std::string> tup2(12,"Match?"); 
    std::cout 
<< std::boolalpha;  
    std::cout 
<< "Comparison: tup1 is less than tup2 ";  
    std::cout 
<< "tup1==tup2: " << (tup1==tup2) << " ";  
    std::cout 
<< "tup1!=tup2: " << (tup1!=tup2) << " "
    std::cout 
<< "tup1<tup2: " << (tup1<tup2) << " ";  
    std::cout 
<< "tup1>tup2: " << (tup1>tup2) << " ";  
    std::cout 
<< "tup1<=tup2: " << (tup1<=tup2) << " "
    std::cout 
<< "tup1>=tup2: " << (tup1>=tup2) << " "
    tup2.
get<0>()=boost::get<0>(tup1); //tup2=tup1 also works  
    std::cout << " Comparison: tup1 equals tup2 ";  
    std::cout 
<< "tup1==tup2: " << (tup1==tup2) << " ";  
    std::cout 
<< "tup1!=tup2: " << (tup1!=tup2) << " "
    std::cout 
<< "tup1<tup2: " << (tup1<tup2) << " "
    std::cout 
<< "tup1>tup2: " << (tup1>tup2) << " "
    std::cout 
<< "tup1<=tup2: " << (tup1<=tup2) << " ";
    std::cout 
<< "tup1>=tup2: " << (tup1>=tup2) << " ";

    
//test tuple using in the container
    typedef boost::tuple<short,int,long,float,double,long double>  num_tuple;
    std::vector
<num_tuple> vec;  
    vec.push_back(num_tuple(
6,2));
    vec.push_back(num_tuple(
7,1)); 
    vec.push_back(num_tuple(
5));  
    std::sort(vec.begin(),vec.end(),element_less
<1>()); 
    std::cout 
<< " After sorting: " <<     vec[0].get<0>() << " " <<    vec[1].get<0>() << " " <<    vec[2].get<0>() << " ";


    
// test for io
    boost::tuple<floatint, std::string> a(1.0f,  2, std::string("Howdy folks!"));
    std::cout 
<< std::endl << a << std::endl; 

    boost::tuple
<intintint> ii;
    
    std::cin 
>> ii;
    std::cout 
<< boost::tuples::set_open("["<< boost::tuples::set_close("]")<< boost::tuples::set_delimiter(":");
    std::cout 
<< ii << std::endl;    

    boost::tuples::tuple
<int,int,double> tuple1;
    
int head = tuple1.get_head();
    
double tail = tuple1.get_tail();

}

 

四 注意

1)函数 make_tuple 类似于 std::make_pair. 缺省情况下,make_tuple 设置元素类型为非const, 非引用的,即是最简单的、根本的参数类

型。

2)为了使一个 tuple 的元素设为引用类型,你要使用函数 boost::ref, 它来自另一个名为 Boost.Ref 的 Boost 库。

3)如果元素需要是 const 引用的,就使用来自 Boost.Ref 的 boost::cref。

4)如果你要使绑定的每个元素变量都为ref,则可以使用tie函数。

五 参考

1)Beyond the C++ Standard Library: An Introduction to Boost
2)boost在线document

原文链接:http://www.cppblog.com/mzty/archive/2007/08/21/30509.html


include <boost/tuple/tuple_io.hpp>#include <string>#include <iostream>using namespace std;using boost::tuple;class A{    int a;};A class_a;boost::tuple<std::string, A> t1("abc", class_a);int main(){     //boost::tuple<int ,int ,double> tuple_2 = boost::tuple::make_tuple<int, int, do    double d = 2.0;    A a;    tuple<int, double&, const A&> t(1, d, a);    const tuple<int, double&, const A&> ct = t;    int i = boost::get<0>(t);    cout<<"the i: "<<i<<endl;    i = t.get<0>();    cout<<"the i: "<<i<<endl;        boost::get<1>(t) = 45.34;    double d_ret = t.get<1>();    cout<<"the d_ret: "<<d_ret<<endl;    int tie_i;    char tie_char;    double tie_doulbe;    boost::tuple<int, char, double> tuple_temp(3, 'A', 3.1415);    boost::tie(tie_i, tie_char, tie_doulbe) = tuple_temp;    tuple_temp.get<2>() = 3.132434;    cout<<"the tie_double: "<<tuple_temp.get<2>()<<endl;    cout<<"the tie_i: "<<tie_i<<endl;    cout<<"the tie_double: "<<tie_doulbe<<endl;    char char_temp;    boost::tie(boost::tuples::ignore, char_temp) = std::make_pair(123, 'a');    cout<< char_temp<<endl;      tuple<float, int, string> tuple_a(1.3, 2, "abd");    cout<<tuple_a<<endl;    cout<<boost::tuples::set_open('[')<<boost::tuples::set_close(']')<<boost::tuples    return 0;}int main(){    //boost::tuple<int ,int ,double> tuple_2 = boost::tuple::make_tuple<int, int, double>(5, 10, 23.2);    double d = 2.0;    A a;    tuple<int, double&, const A&> t(1, d, a);    const tuple<int, double&, const A&> ct = t;    int i = boost::get<0>(t);    cout<<"the i: "<<i<<endl;    i = t.get<0>();    cout<<"the i: "<<i<<endl;    boost::get<1>(t) = 45.34;    double d_ret = t.get<1>();    cout<<"the d_ret: "<<d_ret<<endl;    int tie_i;    char tie_char;    double tie_doulbe;    boost::tuple<int, char, double> tuple_temp(3, 'A', 3.1415);    boost::tie(tie_i, tie_char, tie_doulbe) = tuple_temp;    tuple_temp.get<2>() = 3.132434;    cout<<"the tie_double: "<<tuple_temp.get<2>()<<endl;    cout<<"the tie_i: "<<tie_i<<endl;    cout<<"the tie_double: "<<tie_doulbe<<endl;    char char_temp;    boost::tie(boost::tuples::ignore, char_temp) = std::make_pair(123, 'a');    cout<< char_temp<<endl;    tuple<float, int, string> tuple_a(1.3, 2, "abd");    cout<<tuple_a<<endl;    cout<<boost::tuples::set_open('[')<<boost::tuples::set_close(']')<<boost::tuples::set_delimiter('\t')<<tuple_a;    return 0;}