POI导出数据到EXCEL经典实现

来源:互联网 发布:2016网络伤感歌曲 编辑:程序博客网 时间:2024/05/07 00:04

转载出处:http://blog.csdn.net/lenolong/article/details/3957735

 

web开发中,有一个经典的功能,就是数据的导入导出。特别是数据的导出,在生产管理或者财务系统中用的非常普遍,因为这些系统经常要做一些报表打印的工作。而数据导出的格式一般是EXCEL或者PDF,我这里就用两篇文章分别给大家介绍下。(注意,我们这里说的数据导出可不是数据库中的数据导出!么误会啦^_^)

呵呵,首先我们来导出EXCEL格式的文件吧。现在主流的操作Excel文件的开源工具有很多,用得比较多的就是ApachePOIJExcelAPI这里我们用Apache POI!我们先去Apache的大本营下载POI的jar包:http://poi.apache.org/,我这里使用的是3.0.2版本。

3个jar包导入到classpath下,什么?忘了怎么导包?不会吧!好,我们来写一个导出Excel的实用类(所谓实用,是指基本不用怎么修改就可以在实际项目中直接使用的!)。我一直强调做类也好,做方法也好,一定要通用性和灵活性强。下面这个类就算基本贯彻了我的这种思想。那么,熟悉许老师风格的人应该知道,这时候该要甩出一长串代码了。没错,大伙请看:

package org.leno.export.util;

import java.util.Date;

publicclass Student {

privatelongid;

private Stringname;

privateintage;

privatebooleansex;

private Datebirthday;

public Student() {

super();

// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub

}

public Student(long id, String name,int age,boolean sex, Date birthday) {

super();

this.id = id;

this.name = name;

this.age = age;

this.sex = sex;

this.birthday = birthday;

}

publiclong getId() {

returnid;

}

publicvoid setId(long id) {

this.id = id;

}

public String getName() {

returnname;

}

publicvoid setName(String name) {

this.name = name;

}

publicint getAge() {

returnage;

}

publicvoid setAge(int age) {

this.age = age;

}

publicboolean getSex() {

returnsex;

}

publicvoid setSex(boolean sex) {

this.sex = sex;

}

public Date getBirthday() {

returnbirthday;

}

publicvoid setBirthday(Date birthday) {

this.birthday = birthday;

}

}

package org.leno.export.util;

publicclass Book {

privateintbookId;

private Stringname;

private Stringauthor;

privatefloatprice;

private Stringisbn;

private StringpubName;

privatebyte[]preface;

public Book() {

super();

}

public Book(int bookId, String name, String author,float price,

String isbn, String pubName, byte[] preface) {

super();

this.bookId = bookId;

this.name = name;

this.author = author;

this.price = price;

this.isbn = isbn;

this.pubName = pubName;

this.preface = preface;

}

publicint getBookId() {

returnbookId;

}

publicvoid setBookId(int bookId) {

this.bookId = bookId;

}

public String getName() {

returnname;

}

publicvoid setName(String name) {

this.name = name;

}

public String getAuthor() {

returnauthor;

}

publicvoid setAuthor(String author) {

this.author = author;

}

publicfloat getPrice() {

returnprice;

}

publicvoid setPrice(float price) {

this.price = price;

}

public String getIsbn() {

returnisbn;

}

publicvoid setIsbn(String isbn) {

this.isbn = isbn;

}

public String getPubName() {

returnpubName;

}

publicvoid setPubName(String pubName) {

this.pubName = pubName;

}

publicbyte[] getPreface() {

returnpreface;

}

publicvoid setPreface(byte[] preface) {

this.preface = preface;

}

}

上面这两个类一目了然,就是两个简单的javabean风格的类。再看下面真正的重点类:

package org.leno.export.util;

import java.io.*;

import java.lang.reflect.*;

import java.util.*;

import java.util.regex.Matcher;

import java.util.regex.Pattern;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;

import javax.swing.JOptionPane;

import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.*;

import org.apache.poi.hssf.util.HSSFColor;

/**

*利用开源组件POI3.0.2动态导出EXCEL文档

*转载时请保留以下信息,注明出处!

*@authorleno

*@versionv1.0

*@param<T>应用泛型,代表任意一个符合javabean风格的类

*注意这里为了简单起见,boolean型的属性xxxget器方式为getXxx(),而不是isXxx()

*byte[]jpg格式的图片数据

*/

publicclass ExportExcel<T> {

publicvoid exportExcel(Collection<T> dataset, OutputStream out) {

exportExcel("测试POI导出EXCEL文档",null, dataset, out,"yyyy-MM-dd");

}

publicvoid exportExcel(String[] headers, Collection<T> dataset,

OutputStream out) {

exportExcel("测试POI导出EXCEL文档", headers, dataset, out, "yyyy-MM-dd");

}

publicvoid exportExcel(String[] headers, Collection<T> dataset,

OutputStream out, String pattern) {

exportExcel("测试POI导出EXCEL文档", headers, dataset, out, pattern);

}

/**

*这是一个通用的方法,利用了JAVA的反射机制,可以将放置在JAVA集合中并且符号一定条件的数据以EXCEL的形式输出到指定IO设备上

*

*@paramtitle

*表格标题名

*@paramheaders

*表格属性列名数组

*@paramdataset

* 需要显示的数据集合,集合中一定要放置符合javabean风格的类的对象。此方法支持的

*javabean属性的数据类型有基本数据类型及String,Date,byte[](图片数据)

*@paramout

*与输出设备关联的流对象,可以将EXCEL文档导出到本地文件或者网络中

*@parampattern

*如果有时间数据,设定输出格式。默认为"yyy-MM-dd"

*/

@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")

publicvoid exportExcel(String title, String[] headers,

Collection<T> dataset, OutputStream out, String pattern) {

// 声明一个工作薄

HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook();

// 生成一个表格

HSSFSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet(title);

// 设置表格默认列宽度为15个字节

sheet.setDefaultColumnWidth((short) 15);

// 生成一个样式

HSSFCellStyle style = workbook.createCellStyle();

// 设置这些样式

style.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.SKY_BLUE.index);

style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);

style.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);

style.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);

style.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);

style.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);

style.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);

// 生成一个字体

HSSFFont font = workbook.createFont();

font.setColor(HSSFColor.VIOLET.index);

font.setFontHeightInPoints((short) 12);

font.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_BOLD);

// 把字体应用到当前的样式

style.setFont(font);

// 生成并设置另一个样式

HSSFCellStyle style2 = workbook.createCellStyle();

style2.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.LIGHT_YELLOW.index);

style2.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);

style2.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);

style2.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);

style2.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);

style2.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);

style2.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);

style2.setVerticalAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.VERTICAL_CENTER);

// 生成另一个字体

HSSFFont font2 = workbook.createFont();

font2.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_NORMAL);

// 把字体应用到当前的样式

style2.setFont(font2);

// 声明一个画图的顶级管理器

HSSFPatriarch patriarch = sheet.createDrawingPatriarch();

// 定义注释的大小和位置,详见文档

HSSFComment comment = patriarch.createComment(new HSSFClientAnchor(0, 0, 0, 0, (short) 4, 2, (short) 6, 5));

// 设置注释内容

comment.setString(new HSSFRichTextString("可以在POI中添加注释!"));

// 设置注释作者,当鼠标移动到单元格上是可以在状态栏中看到该内容.

comment.setAuthor("leno");

//产生表格标题行

HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(0);

for (short i = 0; i < headers.length; i++) {

HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(i);

cell.setCellStyle(style);

HSSFRichTextString text = new HSSFRichTextString(headers[i]);

cell.setCellValue(text);

}

//遍历集合数据,产生数据行

Iterator<T> it = dataset.iterator();

int index = 0;

while (it.hasNext()) {

index++;

row = sheet.createRow(index);

T t = (T) it.next();

//利用反射,根据javabean属性的先后顺序,动态调用getXxx()方法得到属性值

Field[] fields = t.getClass().getDeclaredFields();

for (short i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) {

HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(i);

cell.setCellStyle(style2);

Field field = fields[i];

String fieldName = field.getName();

String getMethodName = "get"

+ fieldName.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase()

+ fieldName.substring(1);

try {

Class tCls = t.getClass();

Method getMethod = tCls.getMethod(getMethodName,

new Class[] {});

Object value = getMethod.invoke(t, new Object[] {});

//判断值的类型后进行强制类型转换

String textValue = null;

// if (value instanceof Integer) {

// int intValue = (Integer) value;

// cell.setCellValue(intValue);

// } else if (value instanceof Float) {

// float fValue = (Float) value;

// textValue = new HSSFRichTextString(

// String.valueOf(fValue));

// cell.setCellValue(textValue);

// } else if (value instanceof Double) {

// double dValue = (Double) value;

// textValue = new HSSFRichTextString(

// String.valueOf(dValue));

// cell.setCellValue(textValue);

// } else if (value instanceof Long) {

// long longValue = (Long) value;

// cell.setCellValue(longValue);

// }

if (valueinstanceof Boolean) {

boolean bValue = (Boolean) value;

textValue = "";

if (!bValue) {

textValue ="";

}

} elseif (valueinstanceof Date) {

Date date = (Date) value;

SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat(pattern);

textValue = sdf.format(date);

} elseif (valueinstanceofbyte[]) {

// 有图片时,设置行高为60px;

row.setHeightInPoints(60);

// 设置图片所在列宽度为80px,注意这里单位的一个换算

sheet.setColumnWidth(i, (short) (35.7 * 80));

// sheet.autoSizeColumn(i);

byte[] bsValue = (byte[]) value;

HSSFClientAnchor anchor = new HSSFClientAnchor(0, 0,

1023, 255, (short) 6, index, (short) 6, index);

anchor.setAnchorType(2);

patriarch.createPicture(anchor, workbook.addPicture(

bsValue, HSSFWorkbook.PICTURE_TYPE_JPEG));

} else{

//其它数据类型都当作字符串简单处理

textValue = value.toString();

}

//如果不是图片数据,就利用正则表达式判断textValue是否全部由数字组成

if(textValue!=null){

Pattern p = Pattern.compile("^//d+(//.//d+)?$");

Matcher matcher = p.matcher(textValue);

if(matcher.matches()){

//是数字当作double处理

cell.setCellValue(Double.parseDouble(textValue));

}else{

HSSFRichTextString richString = new HSSFRichTextString(textValue);

HSSFFont font3 = workbook.createFont();

font3.setColor(HSSFColor.BLUE.index);

richString.applyFont(font3);

cell.setCellValue(richString);

}

}

} catch (SecurityException e) {

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

e.printStackTrace();

} finally {

//清理资源

}

}

}

try {

workbook.write(out);

} catch (IOException e) {

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

publicstaticvoid main(String[] args) {

// 测试学生

ExportExcel<Student> ex = new ExportExcel<Student>();

String[] headers = { "学号","姓名","年龄","性别","出生日期" };

List<Student> dataset = new ArrayList<Student>();

dataset.add(new Student(10000001,"张三", 20,true,new Date()));

dataset.add(new Student(20000002,"李四", 24,false,new Date()));

dataset.add(new Student(30000003,"王五", 22,true,new Date()));

// 测试图书

ExportExcel<Book> ex2 = new ExportExcel<Book>();

String[] headers2 = { "图书编号","图书名称","图书作者","图书价格","图书ISBN",

"图书出版社","封面图片" };

List<Book> dataset2 = new ArrayList<Book>();

try {

BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(

new FileInputStream("book.jpg"));

byte[] buf =newbyte[bis.available()];

while ((bis.read(buf)) != -1) {

//

}

dataset2.add(new Book(1,"jsp","leno", 300.33f,"1234567",

"清华出版社", buf));

dataset2.add(new Book(2,"java编程思想","brucl", 300.33f,"1234567",

"阳光出版社", buf));

dataset2.add(new Book(3,"DOM艺术","lenotang", 300.33f,"1234567",

"清华出版社", buf));

dataset2.add(new Book(4,"c++经典","leno", 400.33f,"1234567",

"清华出版社", buf));

dataset2.add(new Book(5,"c#入门","leno", 300.33f,"1234567",

"汤春秀出版社", buf));

OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("E://a.xls");

OutputStream out2 = new FileOutputStream("E://b.xls");

ex.exportExcel(headers, dataset, out);

ex2.exportExcel(headers2, dataset2, out2);

out.close();

JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,"导出成功!");

System.out.println("excel导出成功!");

} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (IOException e) {

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

不行,头有点晕^_^。呵呵,又是泛型,又是反射,又是正则表达式,又是重载,还有多参数列表和POI API。一下子蹦出来,实在让人吃不消。不管了,顶住看效果先。在本地运行后,我们发现在E://下生成了两份excel文件:学生记录和图书记录,并且中文,数字,颜色,日期,图片等等一且正常。恩,太棒了。有人看到这里开始苦脸了:喂,我怎么一运行就报错啊!呵呵,看看什么错吧!哦,找不到文件,也就是说你没有book.jpg嘛。好,拷贝一张小巧的图书图片命名为book.jpg放置到当前工程下吧。注意,您千万别把张桌面大小的图片丢进去了^_^!看到效果了吧。现在我们再来简单梳理一下代码,实际上上面就做了一个导出excel的方法和一个本地测试main()方法。并且代码的结构也很清晰,只是涉及的知识点稍微多一点。大家细心看看注释,结合要完成的功能,应该没有太大问题的。好啦,吃杯茶,擦把汗,总算把这个类消化掉,你又进步了。咦,你不是说是在WEB环境下导出的吗?别急,因为导出就是一个下载的过程。我们只需要在服务器端写一个Jsp或者Servlet组件完成输出excel到浏览器客户端的工作就好了。我们以Servlet为例,还是看代码吧:

package org.leno.export.util;

import java.io.*;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.List;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**

*@authorleno

*使用servlet导出动态生成的excel文件,数据可以来源于数据库

*这样,浏览器客户端就可以访问该servlet得到一份用java代码动态生成的excel文件

*/

publicclass Exportextends javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet{

staticfinallongserialVersionUID = 1L;

protectedvoid doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)throws ServletException, IOException {

File file = new File(getServletContext().getRealPath("WEB-INF/book.jpg"));

response.setContentType("octets/stream");

response.addHeader("Content-Disposition","attachment;filename=test.xls");

//测试图书

ExportExcel<Book> ex = new ExportExcel<Book>();

String[] headers = { "图书编号","图书名称","图书作者","图书价格","图书ISBN",

"图书出版社","封面图片" };

List<Book> dataset = new ArrayList<Book>();

try {

BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(

new FileInputStream(file));

byte[] buf =newbyte[bis.available()];

while ((bis.read(buf)) != -1) {

//将图片数据存放到缓冲数组中

}

dataset.add(new Book(1,"jsp","leno", 300.33f,"1234567",

"清华出版社", buf));

dataset.add(new Book(2,"java编程思想","brucl", 300.33f,"1234567",

"阳光出版社", buf));

dataset.add(new Book(3,"DOM艺术","lenotang", 300.33f,"1234567",

"清华出版社", buf));

dataset.add(new Book(4,"c++经典","leno", 400.33f,"1234567",

"清华出版社", buf));

dataset.add(new Book(5,"c#入门","leno", 300.33f,"1234567",

"汤春秀出版社", buf));

OutputStream out = response.getOutputStream();

ex.exportExcel(headers, dataset, out);

out.close();

System.out.println("excel导出成功!");

} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (IOException e) {

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

protectedvoid doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)throws ServletException, IOException {

doGet(request, response);

}

}

写完之后,如果您不是用eclipse工具生成的Servlet,千万别忘了在web.xml上注册这个Servelt。而且同样的,拷贝一张小巧的图书图片命名为book.jpg放置到当前WEB根目录的/WEB-INF/。部署好web工程,用浏览器访问Servlet看下效果吧!是不是下载成功了。呵呵,您可以将下载到本地的excel报表用打印机打印出来,这样您就大功告成了。完事了我们就思考:我们发现,我们做的方法,不管是本地调用,还是在WEB服务器端用Servlet调用;不管是输出学生列表,还是图书列表信息,代码都几乎一样,而且这些数据我们很容器结合后台的DAO操作数据库动态获取。恩,类和方法的通用性和灵活性开始有点感觉了。好啦,祝您学习愉快!

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