mingw命令行编译示例

来源：互联网发布：mac手机地址怎么查编辑：程序博客网时间：2024/05/29 14:32

如果你正在学习c++ cookbook，那这篇文章对你会很有帮助

在阅读本文之前，请先看这篇文章

http://blog.csdn.net/dcmilan/article/details/7983697

1. 准备工作

1.1创建3个文件夹

johnpaul, georgeringo, hellobeatles

1.2加入源文件

根据注释提示的目录创建源文件

// johnpaul/john.hpp#ifndef JOHN_HPP_INCLUDED#define JOHN_HPP_INCLUDED void john( ); // Prints "John, " #endif // JOHN_HPP_INCLUDED---------------------------------------------// johnpaul/john.cpp#include <iostream>#include "john.hpp" void john( ){   std::cout << "John, ";}---------------------------------------------// johnpaul/paul.hpp#ifndef PAUL_HPP_INCLUDED#define PAUL_HPP_INCLUDED void paul( ); // Prints " Paul, " #endif // PAUL_HPP_INCLUDED---------------------------------------------// johnpaul/paul.cpp#include <iostream>#include "paul.hpp" void paul( ){   std::cout << "Paul, ";}---------------------------------------------// johnpaul/johnpaul.hpp#ifndef JOHNPAUL_HPP_INCLUDED#define JOHNPAUL_HPP_INCLUDED void johnpaul( ); // Prints "John, Paul, " #endif // JOHNPAUL_HPP_INCLUDED---------------------------------------------// johnpaul/johnpaul.cpp #include "john.hpp"#include "paul.hpp"#include "johnpaul.hpp" void johnpaul( ){   john( );   paul( );}---------------------------------------------// georgeringo/george.hpp#ifndef GEORGE_HPP_INCLUDED#define GEORGE_HPP_INCLUDED void george( ); // Prints "George, " #endif // GEORGE_HPP_INCLUDED---------------------------------------------// georgeringo/george.cpp#include <iostream>#include "george.hpp" void george( ){   std::cout << "George, ";}---------------------------------------------// georgeringo/ringo.hpp#ifndef RINGO_HPP_INCLUDED#define RINGO_HPP_INCLUDED void ringo( ); // Prints "and Ringo\n" #endif // RINGO_HPP_INCLUDED---------------------------------------------// georgeringo/ringo.cpp#include <iostream>#include "ringo.hpp" void ringo( ){   std::cout << "and Ringo\n";}---------------------------------------------// georgeringo/georgeringo.hpp#ifndef GEORGERINGO_HPP_INCLUDED#define GEORGERINGO_HPP_INCLUDED// define GEORGERINGO_DLL when building libgerogreringo.dll# if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__GNUC__)# ifdef GEORGERINGO_DLL# define GEORGERINGO_DECL _ _declspec(dllexport)# else# define GEORGERINGO_DECL _ _declspec(dllimport)# endif# endif // WIN32#ifndef GEORGERINGO_DECL# define GEORGERINGO_DECL#endif// Prints "George, and Ringo\n"#ifdef __MWERKS__# pragma export on#endif GEORGERINGO_DECL void georgeringo( ); #ifdef __MWERKS__# pragma export off#endif#endif // GEORGERINGO_HPP_INCLUDED---------------------------------------------// georgeringo/ georgeringo.cpp#include "george.hpp"#include "ringo.hpp"#include "georgeringo.hpp" void georgeringo( ){   george( );   ringo( );}---------------------------------------------// hellobeatles/ hellobeatles.cpp#include "../johnpaul/johnpaul.hpp"#include "../georgeringo/georgeringo.hpp" int main( ){   // Prints "John, Paul, George, and Ringo\n"   johnpaul( );   georgeringo( );}

2. 生成目标文件

在cmd下，进入每个cpp对应得目录运用g++命令

为每个cpp创建目标文件

命令格式：g++ -c –o john.o john.cpp或g++ -c john.cpp，这样就会默认生成与cpp同名的.o文件

一共有7个cpp，对应生成7个.o文件

3. 生成静态库

使用johnpaul文件夹中的文件生成静态库

命令格式为：ar ru libjohnpaul.a john.o paul.o johnpaul.o

生成的.a文件就是静态库

ar归档(archiver)的目的就是为了把多个.o文件打包，这样看起来更加清爽，也便于传播

4. 生成动态库

使用georgeringo文件夹中的文件生成动态库(dll)

命令格式为：g++ -shared –fPIC –o libgeorgeringo.so george.o ringo.o georgeringo.o

生成了一个.so文件，然后继续下面的命令(so代表shared object)

g++ -shared –o libgeorgeringo.dll Wl,--out-implib,libgeorgeringo.a –Wl,--export-all-symbols –Wl,--enable-auto-image-base george.o ringo.o georgeringo.o

这个生成的dll一会要放到生成的exe对应的文件夹里

5. 生成可执行文件

切换到hellobeatles文件夹

命令：g++ -o hellobeatles hellobeatles.o ../johnpaul/libjohnpaul.a ../georgeringo/libgeorgeringo.a

生成可执行文件hellobeatles.exe

将georgeringo文件夹中的dll拷贝到可执行文件的目录下，然后运行显示

John, Paul, George, and Ringo

6.完整执行过程

Microsoft Windows [版本 6.1.7600]

C:\Users\ztn>cd D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\johnpaul

C:\Users\ztn>d:

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\johnpaul>dir /w

驱动器 D中的卷没有标签。

卷的序列号是 73B6-6CE1

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\johnpaul的目录

[.] [..] john.cpp john.hpp johnpaul.cpp

johnpaul.hpp paul.cpp paul.hpp

6 个文件 819字节

2 个目录 117,802,258,432可用字节

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\johnpaul>g++ -c -o john.o john.cpp

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\johnpaul>g++ -c -o paul.o paul.cpp

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\johnpaul>g++ -c -o johnpaul.o johnpaul.cp

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\johnpaul>ar ru libjohnpaul.a john.o paul.

johnpaul.o

ar: creating libjohnpaul.a

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\johnpaul>ranlib libjohnpaul.a

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\johnpaul>cd..

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles>cd georgeringo

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\georgeringo>dir/w

驱动器 D中的卷没有标签。

卷的序列号是 73B6-6CE1

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\georgeringo的目录

[.] [..] george.cpp george.hpp

georgeringo.cpp georgeringo.hpp ringo.cpp ringo.hpp

6 个文件 1,356字节

2 个目录 117,802,246,144可用字节

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\georgeringo>g++ -c -o george.o george.cpp

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\georgeringo>g++ -c -o ringo.o ringo.cpp

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\georgeringo>g++ -c -o georgeringo.o georg

ringo.cpp

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\georgeringo>g++ -shared -fPIC -o libgeorg

ringo.so george.o ringo.o georgeringo.o

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\georgeringo>g++ -shared -o libgeorgeringo

dll -Wl,--out-implib,libgeorgeringo.a -Wl,--export-all-symbols -Wl,--enable-aut

-image-base george.o ringo.o georgeringo.o

Creating library file: libgeorgeringo.a

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\georgeringo>cd..

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles>cd hellobeatles

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\hellobeatles>dir/w

驱动器 D中的卷没有标签。

卷的序列号是 73B6-6CE1

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\hellobeatles的目录

[.] [..] hellobeatles.cpp

1 个文件 213字节

2 个目录 117,794,668,544可用字节

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\hellobeatles>g++ -c -o hellobeatles.o hel

obeatles.cpp

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\hellobeatles>g++ -o hellobeatles hellobea

les.o ../johnpaul/libjohnpaul.a ../georgeringo/libgeorgeringo.a

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\hellobeatles>hellobeatles

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\hellobeatles>cd..

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles>dir/w

驱动器 D中的卷没有标签。

卷的序列号是 73B6-6CE1

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles的目录

[.] [..] [binaries] [georgeringo] [hellobeatles]

[johnpaul]

0 个文件 0字节

6 个目录 117,790,896,128可用字节

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles>cd georgeringo

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\georgeringo>dir/w

驱动器 D中的卷没有标签。

卷的序列号是 73B6-6CE1

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\georgeringo的目录

[.] [..] george.cpp

george.hpp george.o georgeringo.cpp

georgeringo.hpp georgeringo.o libgeorgeringo.a

libgeorgeringo.dll libgeorgeringo.so ringo.cpp

ringo.hpp ringo.o

12 个文件 7,568,495字节

2 个目录 117,790,896,128可用字节

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\georgeringo>cd..

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles>dir/w

驱动器 D中的卷没有标签。

卷的序列号是 73B6-6CE1

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles的目录

[.] [..] [binaries] [georgeringo] [hellobeatles]

[johnpaul]

0 个文件 0字节

6 个目录 117,790,896,128可用字节

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles>cd johnpaul

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\johnpaul>dir/w

驱动器 D中的卷没有标签。

卷的序列号是 73B6-6CE1

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\johnpaul的目录

[.] [..] john.cpp john.hpp john.o

johnpaul.cpp johnpaul.hpp johnpaul.o paul.cpp paul.hpp

paul.o

9 个文件 4,293字节

2 个目录 117,790,896,128可用字节

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\johnpaul>ar ru libjohnpaul.a john.o paul.

johnpaul.o

ar: creating libjohnpaul.a

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\johnpaul>cd..

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles>dir/w

驱动器 D中的卷没有标签。

卷的序列号是 73B6-6CE1

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles的目录

[.] [..] [binaries] [georgeringo] [hellobeatles]

[johnpaul]

0 个文件 0字节

6 个目录 117,798,457,344可用字节

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles>cd georgeringo

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\georgeringo>dir/w

驱动器 D中的卷没有标签。

卷的序列号是 73B6-6CE1

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\georgeringo的目录

[.] [..] george.cpp george.hpp

george.o georgeringo.cpp georgeringo.hpp georgeringo.o

ringo.cpp ringo.hpp ringo.o

9 个文件 4,851字节

2 个目录 117,798,457,344可用字节

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\georgeringo>g++ -shared -fPIC -o libgeorg

ringo.so george.o ringo.o georgeringo.o

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\georgeringo>g++ -shared -o libgeorgeringo

dll -Wl,--out-implib,libgeorgeringo.a -Wl,--export-all-symbols -Wl,--enable-aut

-image-base george.o ringo.o georgeringo.o

Creating library file: libgeorgeringo.a

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\georgeringo>cd..

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles>dir/w

驱动器 D中的卷没有标签。

卷的序列号是 73B6-6CE1

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles的目录

[.] [..] [binaries] [georgeringo] [hellobeatles]

[johnpaul]

0 个文件 0字节

6 个目录 117,794,660,352可用字节

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles>cd hellobeatles

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\hellobeatles>dir/w

驱动器 D中的卷没有标签。

卷的序列号是 73B6-6CE1

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\hellobeatles的目录

[.] [..] hellobeatles.cpp hellobeatles.o

2 个文件 899字节

2 个目录 117,794,660,352可用字节

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\hellobeatles>g++ -o hellobeatles hellobea

les.o ../johnpaul/libjohnpaul.a ../georgeringo/libgeorgeringo.a

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\hellobeatles>hellobeatles

John, Paul, George, and Ringo

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\hellobeatles>

7. 补充：以mytime0为例(代码来自cpp primer plus 5th edition)

1.配置好gcc的环境变量之后，建立一个文件夹，里面有3个文件。

2.复制代码，点击下面的view plain按钮可以复制没有行号的代码

// mytime0.cpp  -- implementing Time methods#include <iostream>#include "mytime0.h"Time::Time(){    hours = minutes = 0;}Time::Time(int h, int m ){    hours = h;    minutes = m;}void Time::AddMin(int m){    minutes += m;    hours += minutes / 60;    minutes %= 60;}void Time::AddHr(int h){    hours += h;}void Time::Reset(int h, int m){    hours = h;    minutes = m;}Time Time::Sum(const Time & t) const{    Time sum;    sum.minutes = minutes + t.minutes;    sum.hours = hours + t.hours + sum.minutes / 60;    sum.minutes %= 60;    return sum;}void Time::Show() const{    std::cout << hours << " hours, " << minutes << " minutes";}

// mytime0.h -- Time class before operator overloading#ifndef MYTIME0_H_#define MYTIME0_H_class Time{private:    int hours;    int minutes;public:    Time();    Time(int h, int m = 0);    void AddMin(int m);    void AddHr(int h);    void Reset(int h = 0, int m = 0);    Time Sum(const Time & t) const;    void Show() const;};#endif

// usetime0.cpp -- using the first draft of the Time class// compile usetime0.cpp and mytime0.cpp together#include <iostream>#include "mytime0.h"int main(){    using std::cout;    using std::endl;    Time planning;    Time coding(2, 40);    Time fixing(5, 55);Time total;    cout << "planning time = ";    planning.Show();    cout << endl;     cout << "coding time = ";    coding.Show();    cout << endl;        cout << "fixing time = ";    fixing.Show();    cout << endl;    total = coding.Sum(fixing);    cout << "coding.Sum(fixing) = ";    total.Show();    cout << endl;       return 0;}

3.进入CMD并切换到指定文件夹

4.将cpp编译成object文件，头文件会自动被调用，不用管他

编译之后会生成两个.o文件

5.连接object文件生成exe。执行time命令就可以看到系统当前时间

整个编译连接的过程非常繁琐，需要细致的键入命令和文件名

6.直接生成exe，只要这样一条命令也是可以的