Spring事务配置的五种方式

前段时间对Spring事务配置做了比较深入的研究，在此之间对Spring事务配置虽说也配置过，但是一直没有一个清楚的认识。通过这次的学习发觉Spring事务配置只要把思路理清，还是比较好掌握的。

总结如下：

Spring配置文件中关于Spring事务配置总是由三个组成部分，分别是DataSource、TransactionManager和代理机制这三部分，无论哪种配置方式，一般变化的只是代理机制这部分。

DataSource、TransactionManager这两部分只是会根据数据访问方式有所变化，比如使用Hibernate进行数据访问时，DataSource实际为SessionFactory，TransactionManager的实现为 HibernateTransactionManager。

具体如下图：

根据代理机制的不同，总结了五种Spring事务的配置方式，配置文件如下：

第一种方式：每个Bean都有一个代理

1. <?xmlversion="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?>
2. <beansxmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
3.     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4.     xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
5.     xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
6.     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
7.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd 
8.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
9.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd 
10.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop                                       http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">
11.     <beanid="sessionFactory"  
12.             class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">  
13.         <propertyname="configLocation"value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"/>  
14.         <propertyname="configurationClass"value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"/>
15.     </bean>  
16.     <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->  
17.     <beanid="transactionManager"
18.         class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
19.         <propertyname="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory"/>
20.     </bean>
21.     <!-- 配置DAO -->
22.     <beanid="userDaoTarget"class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
23.         <propertyname="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory"/>
24.     </bean>
25.     <beanid="userDao"  
26.         class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean">  
27.            <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->  
28.            <propertyname="transactionManager"ref="transactionManager"/>     
29.         <propertyname="target"ref="userDaoTarget"/>  
30.          <propertyname="proxyInterfaces"value="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao"/>
31.         <!-- 配置事务属性 -->  
32.         <propertyname="transactionAttributes">  
33.             <props>  
34.                 <propkey="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
35.             </props>  
36.         </property>  
37.     </bean>  
38. </beans>

第二种方式：所有Bean共享一个代理基类

1. <?xmlversion="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?>
2. <beansxmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
3.     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4.     xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
5.     xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
6.     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
7.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd 
8.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
9.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd 
10.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop                               http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">
11.     <beanid="sessionFactory"  
12.             class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">  
13.         <propertyname="configLocation"value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"/>  
14.         <propertyname="configurationClass"value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"/>
15.     </bean>  
16.     <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->  
17.     <beanid="transactionManager"
18.         class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
19.         <propertyname="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory"/>
20.     </bean>
21.     <beanid="transactionBase"  
22.             class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"  
23.             lazy-init="true"abstract="true">  
24.         <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->  
25.         <propertyname="transactionManager"ref="transactionManager"/>  
26.         <!-- 配置事务属性 -->  
27.         <propertyname="transactionAttributes">  
28.             <props>  
29.                 <propkey="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>  
30.             </props>  
31.         </property>  
32.     </bean>
33.     <!-- 配置DAO -->
34.     <beanid="userDaoTarget"class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
35.         <propertyname="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory"/>
36.     </bean>
37.     <beanid="userDao"parent="transactionBase">  
38.         <propertyname="target"ref="userDaoTarget"/>   
39.     </bean>
40. </beans>

第三种方式：使用拦截器

1. <?xmlversion="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?>
2. <beansxmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
3.     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4.     xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
5.     xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
6.     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
7.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd 
8.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
9.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd 
10.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop                               http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">
11.     <beanid="sessionFactory"  
12.             class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">  
13.         <propertyname="configLocation"value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"/>  
14.         <propertyname="configurationClass"value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"/>
15.     </bean>  
16.     <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->  
17.     <beanid="transactionManager"
18.         class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
19.         <propertyname="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory"/>
20.     </bean>  
21.    
22.     <beanid="transactionInterceptor"  
23.         class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor">  
24.         <propertyname="transactionManager"ref="transactionManager"/>  
25.         <!-- 配置事务属性 -->  
26.         <propertyname="transactionAttributes">  
27.             <props>  
28.                 <propkey="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>  
29.             </props>  
30.         </property>  
31.     </bean>
32.     <beanclass="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator">  
33.         <propertyname="beanNames">  
34.             <list>  
35.                 <value>*Dao</value>
36.             </list>  
37.         </property>  
38.         <propertyname="interceptorNames">  
39.             <list>  
40.                 <value>transactionInterceptor</value>  
41.             </list>  
42.         </property>  
43.     </bean>  
44.     <!-- 配置DAO -->
45.     <beanid="userDao"class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
46.         <propertyname="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory"/>
47.     </bean>
48. </beans>

第四种方式：使用tx标签配置的拦截器

1. <?xmlversion="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?>
2. <beansxmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
3.     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4.     xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
5.     xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
6.     xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
7.     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
8.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd 
9.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
10.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd 
11.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop                                http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd 
12.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx                                     http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
14.     <context:annotation-config/>
15.     <context:component-scanbase-package="com.bluesky"/>
16.     <beanid="sessionFactory"  
17.             class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">  
18.         <propertyname="configLocation"value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"/>  
19.         <propertyname="configurationClass"value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"/>
20.     </bean>  
21.     <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->  
22.     <beanid="transactionManager"
23.         class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
24.         <propertyname="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory"/>
25.     </bean>
26.     <tx:adviceid="txAdvice"transaction-manager="transactionManager">
27.         <tx:attributes>
28.             <tx:methodname="*"propagation="REQUIRED"/>
29.         </tx:attributes>
30.     </tx:advice>
31.     <aop:config>
32.         <aop:pointcutid="interceptorPointCuts"
33.             expression="execution(* com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))"/>
34.         <aop:advisoradvice-ref="txAdvice"
35.             pointcut-ref="interceptorPointCuts"/>        
36.     </aop:config>      
37. </beans>

第五种方式：全注解

1. <?xmlversion="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?>
2. <beansxmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
3.     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4.     xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
5.     xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
6.     xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
7.     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
8.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd 
9.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
10.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd 
11.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop                                http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd 
12.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx                                     http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
14.     <context:annotation-config/>
15.     <context:component-scanbase-package="com.bluesky"/>
16.     <tx:annotation-driventransaction-manager="transactionManager"/>
17.     <beanid="sessionFactory"  
18.             class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">  
19.         <propertyname="configLocation"value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"/>  
20.         <propertyname="configurationClass"value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"/>
21.     </bean>  
22.     <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->  
23.     <beanid="transactionManager"
24.         class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
25.         <propertyname="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory"/>
26.     </bean>
27. </beans>

此时在DAO上需加上@Transactional注解，如下：

1. package com.bluesky.spring.dao; 
2. import java.util.List; 
3. import org.hibernate.SessionFactory; 
4. import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; 
5. import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport; 
6. import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; 
7. import com.bluesky.spring.domain.User; 
8. @Transactional 
9. @Component("userDao") 
10. public class UserDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements UserDao { 
11.     public List<User> listUsers() { 
12.         return this.getSession().createQuery("from User").list(); 
13.     }    
14. }