Linux 下的线程读写锁

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Linux 下的线程读写锁
有一种写优先读写锁,有如下特点:
1)多个读者可以同时进行读
2)写者必须互斥(只允许一个写者写,也不能读者写者同时进行)
3)写者优先于读者(一旦有写者,则后续读者必须等待,唤醒时优先考虑写者)

在Solaris 中直接提供了读写锁, 但是在Linux 中只提供了线程的读写锁, 这里记录了一些读写锁的资料.

1.Solaris .vs. Linux Posix 库函数

Solaris 库(lib 线程)Linux POSIX 库(libp 线程)操作sema_destroy()sem_destroy()销毁信号状态。sema_init()sem_init()初始化信号。sema_post()sem_post()增加信号。sema_wait()sem_wait()阻止信号计数。sema_trywait()sem_trywait()减少信号计数。mutex_destroy()pthread_mutex_destroy()销毁或禁用与互斥对象相关的状态。mutex_init()pthread_mutex_init()初始化互斥变量。mutex_lock()pthread_mutex_lock()锁定互斥对象和块,直到互斥对象被释放。mutex_unlock()pthread_mutex_unlock()释放互斥对象。cond_broadcast()pthread_cond_broadcast()解除对等待条件变量的所有线程的阻塞。cond_destroy()pthread_cond_destroy()销毁与条件变量相关的任何状态。cond_init()pthread_cond_init()初始化条件变量。cond_signal()pthread_cond_signal()解除等待条件变量的下一个线程的阻塞。cond_wait()pthread_cond_wait()阻止条件变量,并在最后释放它。rwlock_init()pthread_rwlock_init()初始化读/写锁。rwlock_destroy()pthread_rwlock_destroy()锁定读/写锁。rw_rdlock()pthread_rwlock_rdlock()读取读/写锁上的锁。rw_wrlock()pthread_rwlock_wrlock()写读/写锁上的锁。rw_unlock()pthread_rwlock_unlock()解除读/写锁。rw_tryrdlock()pthread_rwlock_tryrdlock()读取非阻塞读/写锁上的锁。rw_trywrlock()pthread_rwlock_trywrlock()写非阻塞读/写锁上的锁。

2.使用mutex 来实现

设置三个互斥信号量:
rwmutex        用于写者与其他读者/写者互斥的访问共享数据
rmutex        用于读者互斥的访问读者计数器readcount
nrmutex        用于写者等待已进入读者退出,所有读者退出前互斥写操作

var   rwmutex,rmutex,nrmutex:semaphore:=1,1,1;  
int   readcount=0;

cobegin
    reader begin
        P(rwmutex);
        P(rmutex);
        readcount++;
        if (readcount == 1) P(nrmutex);  //有读者进入,互斥写操作
        V(rmutex);
        V(rwmutex);  //及时释放读写互斥信号量,允许其它读、写进程申请资源读数据;
        
        P(rmutex);
        readcount--;
        if(readcount == 0) V(nrmutex);  //所有读者退出,允许写更新
        V(rmutex);
    End
    
    writer begin
        P(rwmutex);    //互斥后续其它读者、写者
        P(nrmutex);    //如有读者正在读,等待所有读者读完
        写更新;
        V(nrmutex);    //允许后续新的第一个读者进入后互斥写操作  
        V(rwmutex);    //允许后续新读者及其它写者
    End  
coend   

3. 利用pthread_cond_* & pthread_mutex_* 实现rw_lock

#include <pthread.h>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <ctime>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class RWLock {

private :
    pthread_mutex_t cnt_mutex;
    pthread_cond_t rw_cond;
    int rd_cnt, wr_cnt;

    RWLock(const RWLock&);
    RWLock& operator= (const RWLock&);

public :
    RWLock(): rd_cnt(0),wr_cnt(0)
        {
            pthread_mutex_init(&cnt_mutex, NULL);
            pthread_cond_init(&rw_cond, NULL);
        }

    void get_shared_lock()
        {
            pthread_mutex_lock(&cnt_mutex);
            while (wr_cnt >0)
                {
                    pthread_cond_wait(&rw_cond,&cnt_mutex);
                }
            rd_cnt++;
            pthread_mutex_unlock(&cnt_mutex);
        }

    void release_shared_lock()
        {
            pthread_mutex_lock(&cnt_mutex);
            rd_cnt--;
            if (0 == rd_cnt)
                {
                    pthread_cond_signal(&rw_cond);
                }
            pthread_mutex_unlock(&cnt_mutex);
        }

    void get_exclusive_lock()
        {
            pthread_mutex_lock(&cnt_mutex);
            while (rd_cnt+wr_cnt>0)
                {
                    pthread_cond_wait(&rw_cond,&cnt_mutex);
                }
            wr_cnt++;
            pthread_mutex_unlock(&cnt_mutex);
        }

    void release_exclusive_lock()
        {
            pthread_mutex_lock(&cnt_mutex);
            wr_cnt--;
            pthread_cond_broadcast(&rw_cond);
            pthread_mutex_unlock(&cnt_mutex);
        }

    ~RWLock()
        {
            pthread_mutex_destroy(&cnt_mutex);
            pthread_cond_destroy(&rw_cond);
        }
};

class Test
{

private :    
    RWLock lock;
    
    static void* shared_task_handler(void* arg)
        {
            Test* testptr = static_cast<Test*>(arg);

            testptr->lock.get_shared_lock();
            //do the shared task here
            testptr->lock.release_shared_lock();
        }


    static void * exclusive_task_handler(void * arg)
        {
            Test* testptr = static_cast<Test*>(arg);
            testptr->lock.get_exclusive_lock();
            //do the exclusive task here
            testptr->lock.release_exclusive_lock();
        }

public :
    typedef void* (*ThreadFunc) (void*);

    void start()
        {
            srand(time(NULL));

            const int THREADS_NO=rand()%100;
            pthread_t* threads = new pthread_t[THREADS_NO];

            for(int i=0; i<THREADS_NO; i++)
                {
                    ThreadFunc tmpfunc = rand()%2? shared_task_handler : exclusive_task_handler;
                    if (pthread_create(threads+i,NULL,tmpfunc,this))
                        {
                            cerr << "pthread_create fails" << endl;
                            exit(1);
                        }
                }

            for(int i=0; i<THREADS_NO; i++)
                {
                    pthread_join(threads[i],NULL);
                }

            delete[] threads;
        }
};

int main()
{
    Test tmptest;
    tmptest.start();
}

--------------------------
参考:
Solaris 執行緒與同步機制之實例
Posix线程编程指南
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