Windows 内核版本列表
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Kernel Versions
Each new name for a Windows package bringsat least a change of the minor version number until contemporaneous client andserver editions are reunited for version 6.0:
File Version
Distribution
3.51
Windows NT 3.51
4.0
Windows NT 4.0
5.0
Windows 2000
5.1
Windows XP
5.2
Windows Server 2003
6.0
Windows Vista
Windows Server 2008
6.1
Windows 7
Windows Server 2008 R2
After version 6.0, the next change in theminor version number is a change of name in client ediitions but is just an epithetfor the contemporaneous server edition.
Files
The NT kernel is distributed with eachWindows package in as many as four files:
- NTOSKRNL.EXE, single-processor without PAE;
- NTKRNLMP.EXE, multi-processor without PAE;
- NTKRNLPA.EXE, single-processor with PAE (version 5.0 and higher);
- NTKRPAMP.EXE, multi-processor with PAE (version 5.0 and higher).
An installed system has either thesingle-processor kernels or the multi-processor kernels but not both. If themulti-processor kernels are installed, they are renamed as if for asingle-processor system. Put another way, the single-processor kernels have thestandard names.
The difference concerning Physical AddressExtension (PAE) is mostly a matter of specialising the memory manager to use32-bit or 64-bit page table entries exclusively. Users can select the one orthe other at boot time, through the /PAE and /NOPAE switchesin BOOT.INI or the pae optionin the Boot Configuration Data (BCD). Later versions also allow for selectionof the PAE kernel to be forced by a /NOEXECUTE switch or nx option.
The loader has the standard nameshard-coded. Unless an alternative is specified by a /KERNEL switchor kernel option,the kernel that is loaded is whatever file is named NTOSKRNL.EXE ordinarily orNTKRNLPA.EXE if PAE is wanted.
Builds
The following builds have been inspectedfor these notes. Most are from MSDN discs. Some, especially since Microsoftgreatly reduced its shipment of operating systems on MSDN discs, are fromservice packs downloaded (typically as self-extracting executables) from aMicrosoft website.
Builds are arranged in increasing order ofthe file version as recorded in the executable’s resources. This version numberis readily visible using Windows Explorer either in a so-called infotip for thefile or by accessing the Version tab in the Properties dialog for the file.Programmers know this version number as coming from the so-called root block ofthe version-information resource, specifically from the dwFileVersionMS and dwFileVersionLS membersof a VS_FIXEDFILEINFO structure.
The date stamp shown for each version ismore obscure. File dates are easily modified after the executable is built andare anyway liable to be shown differently when read from different time zones.However, there is in each executable’s header a date stamp which is set whenthe executable is built and which is not commonly changed afterwards. It isreadily accessible to anyone with programming knowledge and appropriate tools,e.g., Microsoft’s own DUMPBIN utility.
File Version
File Header Date Stamp
File Size
Package
3.51.1025.1
2FC653BC (27th May 1995)
2FC653E6
804,864
816,592
Windows NT 3.51
3.51.1057.6
321A03D2 (21st August 1996)
321A03F0
809,488
821,296
Windows NT 3.51 SP5
4.0.1381.1
3255A915 (5th October 1996)
3255A937
868,288
884,928
Windows NT 4.0
4.0.1381.4
337546BF (11th May 1997)
337546EF
914,688
934,016
Windows NT 4.0 SP3
4.0.1381.133
36224CDA (13th October 1998)
36224D24
927,552
947,584
Windows NT 4.0 SP4
4.0.1381.204
371CD681 (21st April 1999)
371CD6A1
928,576
948,544
Windows NT 4.0 SP5
4.0.1381.335
37E8005B (22nd September 1999)
37E80077
931,584
951,808
Windows NT 4.0 SP6
5.0.2195.1
384D9B17 (8th December 1999)
384D5A76
384D5A86
384D5A97
1,640,976
1,611,712
1,611,840
1,632,000
Windows 2000
5.0.2195.1620
39760637 (20th July 2000)
3975DFDF
3975DFFA
3975DFFA
1,702,800
1,677,696
1,677,760
1,698,304
Windows 2000 SP1
5.0.2195.5438
3D366B8B (18th July 2002)
3D362A77
3D362A90
3D362A99
1,712,720
1,687,552
1,687,360
1,707,904
Windows 2000 SP3
5.0.2195.6717
3EE6C002 (11th June 2003)
3EE650B3
3EE650C9
3EE650CD
1,719,056
1,694,976
1,694,080
1,715,008
Windows 2000 SP4
5.1.2600.0
3B7DE38F (18th August 2001)
3B7DC674
3B7D82F5
3B7D82F9
1,982,208
1,897,984
1,896,704
1,869,824
Windows XP
5.1.2600.1106
3D6DE35C (29th August 2002)
3D6DD59C
3D6DD59C
3D6DD59C
2,042,240
1,891,840
1,947,904
1,920,512
Windows XP SP1
5.1.2600.2180
41108004 (4th August 2004)
41107FAA
41107B0C
41107B0D
2,180,992
2,148,352
2,056,832
2,015,232
Windows XP SP2
5.1.2600.5512
48025EAB (14th April 2008)
48025DE7
4802516A
4802516A
2,188,928
2,145,280
2,065,792
2,023,936
Windows XP SP3
5.2.3790.0
3E800A79 (25th March 2003)
3E8015C6
3E800012
3E800013
2,201,600
2,401,792
2,062,848
2,105,344
Windows Server 2003
5.2.3790.1830
42435E33 (25th March 2005)
42435E60
42435B14
42435B14
2,414,592
2,452,480
2,266,624
2,306,560
Windows Server 2003 SP1
5.2.3790.3959
45D6A072 (17th February 2007)
45D6A0AF
45D69710
45D69710
2,430,464
2,469,888
2,280,960
2,321,408
Windows Server 2003 SP2
6.0.6000.16386
4549AD6C (2nd November 2006)
4549AE00
3,467,880
3,502,184
Windows Vista
6.0.6001.18000
47918B0A (19th January 2008)
47918B12
3,548,728
3,600,440
Windows Vista SP1, Windows Server 2008
6.0.6002.18005
49E01996 (11th April 2009)
49E0199E
3,549,672
3,601,896
Windows Vista SP2
6.1.7600.16385
4A5BBFFC (14th July 2009)
4A5BC007
3,899,472
3,954,768
Windows 7
6.1.7601.17514
4CE78A06 (20th November 2010)
4CE78A09
3,911,040
3,966,848
Windows 7 SP1
The kernel files for each build are listedin the order: NTOSKRNL.EXE, NTKRNLMP.EXE, NTKRNLPA.EXE, NTKRPAMP.EXE. Versionsbefore 5.0 have only NTOSKRNL.EXE and NTKRNLMP.EXE. Versions from 6.0 onwardsare built with both single-processor and multi-processor kernels in the samepattern as for earlier versions, but the installation image on the distributionmedia has only the multi-processor kernels, and these are already renamed toNTOSKRNL.EXE and NTKRNLPA.EXE.
A self-extracting executable for Windows2000 SP2 has been inspected for these notes but no kernels were found.
Each kernel in Windows Server 2008 is thesame as in Windows Vista SP1, byte for byte.
64-Bit Windows
Microsoft’s distribution of 64-bit Windowson MSDN discs is even less reliable than is my renewal of subscriptions. I seemnever to have received a 64-bit edition of Windows XP, which is therefore notincluded in this study. Though correspondents tell me that 64-bit Windows Vistawas readily available the moment that Windows Vista was released, my experienceis instead that an MSDN subscription in 2007 produced no x64 build of theoriginal Windows Vista. The copy inspected of that is from an OEM disc. Thoughall service-pack builds that have been inspected for this study are availablethrough an MSDN subscription, the copies studied have instead been downloadedas self-extracting executables from Microsoft’s free websites since, for whoknows what reason, the MSDN site that I pay for is intolerably slow—not that mytolerance is high, given that Microsoft leaves me to the tedium of burningdisks and labelling them and has the nerve to tell me that doing so isenvironmentally friendly.
File Version
File Header Date Stamp
File Size
Package
5.2.3790.1830
42436096 (25th March 2005)
42436123
4,443,648
4,416,000
Windows Server 2003 SP1
5.2.3790.3959
45D69A26 (17th February 2007)
45D69AB4
4,496,896
4,566,528
Windows Server 2003 SP2
6.0.6000.16386
4549B6C6 (2nd November 2006)
4,420,712
Windows Vista
6.0.6001.18000
479192B7 (19th January 2008)
4,694,072
Windows Vista SP1, Windows Server 2008
6.0.6002.18005
49E0237F (11th April 2009)
4,699,608
Windows Vista SP2
6.1.7600.16385
4A5BC600 (14th July 2009)
5,511,248
Windows 7, Windows Server 2008 R2
6.1.7601.17514
4CE7951A (20th November 2010)
5,563,776
Windows 7 SP1, Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1
The kernels for each build are listed inthe order: NTOSKRNL.EXE, NTKRNLMP.EXE. Versions from 6.0 onwards are built withboth single-processor and multi-processor kernels, but the installation imageon the distribution media has only a multi-processor kernel, which is alreadyrenamed to NTOSKRNL.EXE.
Where two packages are shown for the samebuild, the executables are identical. This identity is formalised for Windows 7SP1 and Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 since Microsoft provides the oneself-extracting executable for both product names.
Some Microsoft documentation, e.g., ofthe KeAcquireSpinLockRaiseToDpc function in the Windows DriverKit (WDK) version 7600.16385.0 for Windows 7, talks of “64-bit versions ofWindows 2000” but Idon’t believe the MSDN site has ever listed such things even as being availableto download.
http://www.geoffchappell.com/studies/windows/km/ntoskrnl/history/index.htm
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