【开源自动化测试疑难FAQ】【WebDriver】不可编辑域和日历控件域的输入

      网页上往往会有些输入域是readonly的，但是它的值又可以通过其他控件进行赋值，比如日历控件。这种可编辑域的输入通过selenium.type或者WebDriver.sendKeys都无法做到，但是我们可以考虑通过DOM赋值，下面仅以WebDriver为例，简单讲解一下如何做到。请注意，相关的被引用的对象和方法的声明请参见http://blog.csdn.net/fudax/article/details/7879910和http://blog.csdn.net/fudax/article/details/7879915这两个完整的工具类，整个工程的代码参见https://github.com/fudax/star-framework。

      这里先讲一下document的几个getElement的方法：

1、  document.getElementById，由于ID是页面元素的唯一性标示属性，所以这种方法返回的元素是单个的。

2、  document.getElementsByName，与ID不同，Name不是唯一标示属性，所以返回的是一个对象数组，可以从字面上看出是getElements而不是getElement；

3、  document.getElementsByTagName，与getElementsByName原理相同。

      了解了这三种方法，我们就可以通过执行JS去修改控件属性值了，可编辑域要输入的内容一般都是value属性，当然innertext也是可以的。具体方法如下：

/** * readonly text box or richtext box input. *  * @param by the attribute of the element, default support is TagName/Name/Id * @param byValue the attribute value of the element * @param text the text you want to input to element * @param index the index of the elements shared the same attribute value * @throws RuntimeException * @throws IllegalArgumentException */protected void sendKeysByDOM(String by, String byValue, String text, int index) {String js = null;boolean isSucceed = false;if (by.equalsIgnoreCase("tagname")) {js = "document.getElementsByTagName('" + byValue + "')[" + index + "].value='" + text + "'";} else if (by.equalsIgnoreCase("name")) {js = "document.getElementsByName('" + byValue + "')[" + index + "].value='" + text + "'";} else if (by.equalsIgnoreCase("id")) {js = "document.getElementById('" + byValue + "').value='" + text + "'";} else {throw new IllegalArgumentException("only can find element by TagName/Name/Id");}try {driver.executeScript(js);isSucceed = true;pass("input text [ " + text + " ] to element [ " + by + " ]...");} catch (WebDriverException e) {LOG.error(e);} catch (Exception e) {throw new RuntimeException(e.getMessage());}operationCheck(isSucceed);}

      可以看得出这个测试方法有4个参数，使用起来不是很方便，我们可以继续重载出更简单实用的方法：

/** * readonly text box or richtext box input, finding elements by element id. *  * @param elementId the id of the element * @param text the text you want to input to element * @throws RuntimeException * @throws IllegalArgumentException */protected void sendKeysById(String elementId, String text) {sendKeysByDOM("Id", elementId, text, 0);}/** * readonly text box or richtext box input, finding elements by element name. *  * @param elementName the name of the element * @param text the text you want to input to element * @param elementIndex the index of the elements shared the same name, begins with 0 * @throws RuntimeException * @throws IllegalArgumentException */protected void sendKeysByName(String elementName, String text, int elementIndex) {sendKeysByDOM("Name", elementName, text, elementIndex);}/** * readonly text box or richtext box input, finding elements by element tag name. *  * @param elementTagName the tag name of the element * @param text the text you want to input to element * @param elementIndex the index of the elements shared the same tag name, begins with 0 * @throws RuntimeException * @throws IllegalArgumentException */protected void sendKeysByTagName(String elementTagName, String text, int elementIndex) {sendKeysByDOM("TagName", elementTagName, text, elementIndex);}