[C] 让VC、BCB支持C99的整数类型（stdint.h、inttypes.h）（兼容GCC）

C99标准定义了stdint.h、inttypes.h，用于统一的跨平台数据定义。可惜VC、BCB等编译器对C99的兼容性较差，有些版本没有该头文件。本文对此进行探讨，编写了一套兼容VC、BCB、GCC的stdint.h、inttypes.h。

一、心得

1.1 检查

　　先检查一下各个编译器对stdint.h、inttypes.h的支持情况——
VC6：stdint.h、inttypes.h都没有。
VC2003：stdint.h、inttypes.h都没有。
VC2005：stdint.h、inttypes.h都没有。
VC2010：有stdint.h，没有inttypes.h。
BCB6：有stdint.h，没有inttypes.h。
GCC 4.7.0（Fedora 17）：stdint.h、inttypes均有。
GCC 4.6.2（MinGW (20120426)）：stdint.h、inttypes均有。

1.2 msinttypes

　　在网上搜索，发现了msinttypes，它提供了兼容VC的stdint.h、inttypes.h。地址是——
http://code.google.com/p/msinttypes/

　　msinttypes的安装方法——将压缩包中的stdint.h、inttypes.h放在VC的include目录。

　　我试用了一下，msinttypes基本上能解决问题，但觉得该方法有存在以下缺点——
1. 配置麻烦。如果安装了多个版本的VC，每个目录下都要复制一份stdint.h、inttypes.h。
2. VC版本区别。VC2010支持了stdint.h，是否还需要复制msinttypes的stdint.h呢？
3. 只支持VC平台。msinttypes的头文件用条件编译检查是不是VC编译器，不允许在其他编译器上编译。
4. 存在一些小Bug，例如——VC6不支持“I32”长度控制字符串、VC6编译C++程序时wchar.h会报错。

1.3 我的做法

　　我希望有这一套头文件——自动判断当前编译器是否支持C99标准的stdint.h、inttypes.h，如果支持就使用编译器的，否则使用自己来定义。

　　这套头文件叫什么名字呢？就叫stdint.h、inttypes.h。它们和程序源码放在一起，程序源码使用include引号方式包含这些头文件。而在这些头文件中，可以使用include尖括号方式包含系统的头文件。（注：include尖括号方式只搜索系统目录中的头文件。而include引号方式是优先搜索用户目录，找不到时再搜索系统目录。）
　　对于主程序来说，只需将“#include <stdint.h>”改为“#include "stdint.h"”就能使这些头文件生效了。而且就算用户目录下没有这些头文件（例如删除了），include引号方式就会使用系统目录中的stdint.h、inttypes.h，程序依然能成功编译。

　　至于判断当前编译器是否支持C99标准的stdint.h、inttypes.h。可以根据编译器的预定义宏来判断。

二、全部代码

　　stdint.h——

#ifndef _STDINT_H_ALL_#define _STDINT_H_ALL_// _STDINT_H_SYS_: 编译器是否提供了<stdint.h>#undef _STDINT_H_SYS_#if defined(__GNUC__)    // GCC.    #define _STDINT_H_SYS_#elif defined(_MSC_VER)    // MSVC. VC6至VC2005均没有, 似乎从VC2010才支持的.    #if _MSC_VER >=1600    // VC2010        #define _STDINT_H_SYS_    #endif    // #if _MSC_VER >=1600    // VC2010#elif defined(__BORLANDC__)    // BCB. BCB6是支持的.    #if __BORLANDC__ >=0x0560    // BCB6        #define _STDINT_H_SYS_    #endif    // #if __BORLANDC__ >=0x0560    // BCB6#else    #define _INTTYPES_H_SYS_    // 假设其他编译器支持C99.#endif    // _STDINT_H_SYS_#ifdef _STDINT_H_SYS_// 使用编译器提供的<stdint.h>#include <stdint.h>#else// 采用自定义的stdint.h. 参考了 msinttypes: http://code.google.com/p/msinttypes/#ifndef _MSC_STDINT_H_ // [#define _MSC_STDINT_H_#include <limits.h>// For Visual Studio 6 in C++ mode and for many Visual Studio versions when// compiling for ARM we should wrap <wchar.h> include with 'extern "C++" {}'// or compiler give many errors like this://   error C2733: second C linkage of overloaded function 'wmemchr' not allowed//#ifdef __cplusplus//extern "C" {//#endif//#  include <wchar.h>//#ifdef __cplusplus//}//#endif// 在VC6下测试时, 发现上面的方法会报告很多C2733错误. 还是直接include算了.#include <wchar.h>// Define _W64 macros to mark types changing their size, like intptr_t.#ifndef _W64#  if !defined(__midl) && (defined(_X86_) || defined(_M_IX86)) && _MSC_VER >= 1300#     define _W64 __w64#  else#     define _W64#  endif#endif// 7.18.1 Integer types// 7.18.1.1 Exact-width integer types// Visual Studio 6 and Embedded Visual C++ 4 doesn't// realize that, e.g. char has the same size as __int8// so we give up on __intX for them.#if (_MSC_VER < 1300)   typedef signed char       int8_t;   typedef signed short      int16_t;   typedef signed int        int32_t;   typedef unsigned char     uint8_t;   typedef unsigned short    uint16_t;   typedef unsigned int      uint32_t;#else   typedef signed __int8     int8_t;   typedef signed __int16    int16_t;   typedef signed __int32    int32_t;   typedef unsigned __int8   uint8_t;   typedef unsigned __int16  uint16_t;   typedef unsigned __int32  uint32_t;#endiftypedef signed __int64       int64_t;typedef unsigned __int64     uint64_t;// 7.18.1.2 Minimum-width integer typestypedef int8_t    int_least8_t;typedef int16_t   int_least16_t;typedef int32_t   int_least32_t;typedef int64_t   int_least64_t;typedef uint8_t   uint_least8_t;typedef uint16_t  uint_least16_t;typedef uint32_t  uint_least32_t;typedef uint64_t  uint_least64_t;// 7.18.1.3 Fastest minimum-width integer typestypedef int8_t    int_fast8_t;typedef int16_t   int_fast16_t;typedef int32_t   int_fast32_t;typedef int64_t   int_fast64_t;typedef uint8_t   uint_fast8_t;typedef uint16_t  uint_fast16_t;typedef uint32_t  uint_fast32_t;typedef uint64_t  uint_fast64_t;// 7.18.1.4 Integer types capable of holding object pointers#ifdef _WIN64 // [   typedef signed __int64    intptr_t;   typedef unsigned __int64  uintptr_t;#else // _WIN64 ][   typedef _W64 signed int   intptr_t;   typedef _W64 unsigned int uintptr_t;#endif // _WIN64 ]// 7.18.1.5 Greatest-width integer typestypedef int64_t   intmax_t;typedef uint64_t  uintmax_t;// 7.18.2 Limits of specified-width integer types#if !defined(__cplusplus) || defined(__STDC_LIMIT_MACROS) // [   See footnote 220 at page 257 and footnote 221 at page 259// 7.18.2.1 Limits of exact-width integer types#define INT8_MIN     ((int8_t)_I8_MIN)#define INT8_MAX     _I8_MAX#define INT16_MIN    ((int16_t)_I16_MIN)#define INT16_MAX    _I16_MAX#define INT32_MIN    ((int32_t)_I32_MIN)#define INT32_MAX    _I32_MAX#define INT64_MIN    ((int64_t)_I64_MIN)#define INT64_MAX    _I64_MAX#define UINT8_MAX    _UI8_MAX#define UINT16_MAX   _UI16_MAX#define UINT32_MAX   _UI32_MAX#define UINT64_MAX   _UI64_MAX// 7.18.2.2 Limits of minimum-width integer types#define INT_LEAST8_MIN    INT8_MIN#define INT_LEAST8_MAX    INT8_MAX#define INT_LEAST16_MIN   INT16_MIN#define INT_LEAST16_MAX   INT16_MAX#define INT_LEAST32_MIN   INT32_MIN#define INT_LEAST32_MAX   INT32_MAX#define INT_LEAST64_MIN   INT64_MIN#define INT_LEAST64_MAX   INT64_MAX#define UINT_LEAST8_MAX   UINT8_MAX#define UINT_LEAST16_MAX  UINT16_MAX#define UINT_LEAST32_MAX  UINT32_MAX#define UINT_LEAST64_MAX  UINT64_MAX// 7.18.2.3 Limits of fastest minimum-width integer types#define INT_FAST8_MIN    INT8_MIN#define INT_FAST8_MAX    INT8_MAX#define INT_FAST16_MIN   INT16_MIN#define INT_FAST16_MAX   INT16_MAX#define INT_FAST32_MIN   INT32_MIN#define INT_FAST32_MAX   INT32_MAX#define INT_FAST64_MIN   INT64_MIN#define INT_FAST64_MAX   INT64_MAX#define UINT_FAST8_MAX   UINT8_MAX#define UINT_FAST16_MAX  UINT16_MAX#define UINT_FAST32_MAX  UINT32_MAX#define UINT_FAST64_MAX  UINT64_MAX// 7.18.2.4 Limits of integer types capable of holding object pointers#ifdef _WIN64 // [#  define INTPTR_MIN   INT64_MIN#  define INTPTR_MAX   INT64_MAX#  define UINTPTR_MAX  UINT64_MAX#else // _WIN64 ][#  define INTPTR_MIN   INT32_MIN#  define INTPTR_MAX   INT32_MAX#  define UINTPTR_MAX  UINT32_MAX#endif // _WIN64 ]// 7.18.2.5 Limits of greatest-width integer types#define INTMAX_MIN   INT64_MIN#define INTMAX_MAX   INT64_MAX#define UINTMAX_MAX  UINT64_MAX// 7.18.3 Limits of other integer types#ifdef _WIN64 // [#  define PTRDIFF_MIN  _I64_MIN#  define PTRDIFF_MAX  _I64_MAX#else  // _WIN64 ][#  define PTRDIFF_MIN  _I32_MIN#  define PTRDIFF_MAX  _I32_MAX#endif  // _WIN64 ]#define SIG_ATOMIC_MIN  INT_MIN#define SIG_ATOMIC_MAX  INT_MAX#ifndef SIZE_MAX // [#  ifdef _WIN64 // [#     define SIZE_MAX  _UI64_MAX#  else // _WIN64 ][#     define SIZE_MAX  _UI32_MAX#  endif // _WIN64 ]#endif // SIZE_MAX ]// WCHAR_MIN and WCHAR_MAX are also defined in <wchar.h>#ifndef WCHAR_MIN // [#  define WCHAR_MIN  0#endif  // WCHAR_MIN ]#ifndef WCHAR_MAX // [#  define WCHAR_MAX  _UI16_MAX#endif  // WCHAR_MAX ]#define WINT_MIN  0#define WINT_MAX  _UI16_MAX#endif // __STDC_LIMIT_MACROS ]// 7.18.4 Limits of other integer types#if !defined(__cplusplus) || defined(__STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS) // [   See footnote 224 at page 260// 7.18.4.1 Macros for minimum-width integer constants#define INT8_C(val)  val##i8#define INT16_C(val) val##i16#define INT32_C(val) val##i32#define INT64_C(val) val##i64#define UINT8_C(val)  val##ui8#define UINT16_C(val) val##ui16#define UINT32_C(val) val##ui32#define UINT64_C(val) val##ui64// 7.18.4.2 Macros for greatest-width integer constants#define INTMAX_C   INT64_C#define UINTMAX_C  UINT64_C#endif // __STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS ]#endif // _MSC_STDINT_H_ ]#endif // #ifdef _STDINT_H_SYS_#endif // #ifndef _STDINT_H_ALL_

 

　　inttypes.h——

#ifndef _INTTYPES_H_ALL_#define _INTTYPES_H_ALL_// _INTTYPES_H_SYS_: 编译器是否提供了<inttypes.h>#undef _INTTYPES_H_SYS_#if defined(__GNUC__)    // GCC.    #define _INTTYPES_H_SYS_#elif defined(_MSC_VER)    // MSVC. VC2010仍不支持.#elif defined(__BORLANDC__)    // BCB. BCB6仍不支持.#else    #define _INTTYPES_H_SYS_    // 假设其他编译器支持C99.#endif    // _INTTYPES_H_SYS_#ifdef _INTTYPES_H_SYS_// 使用编译器提供的<inttypes.h>#include <inttypes.h>#else// 采用自定义的inttypes.h. 参考了 msinttypes: http://code.google.com/p/msinttypes/#ifndef _MSC_INTTYPES_H_ // [#define _MSC_INTTYPES_H_#include "stdint.h"// 7.8 Format conversion of integer typestypedef struct {   intmax_t quot;   intmax_t rem;} imaxdiv_t;// 7.8.1 Macros for format specifiers#if !defined(__cplusplus) || defined(__STDC_FORMAT_MACROS) // [   See footnote 185 at page 198// The fprintf macros for signed integers are:#define PRId8       "d"#define PRIi8       "i"#define PRIdLEAST8  "d"#define PRIiLEAST8  "i"#define PRIdFAST8   "d"#define PRIiFAST8   "i"#define PRId16       "hd"#define PRIi16       "hi"#define PRIdLEAST16  "hd"#define PRIiLEAST16  "hi"#define PRIdFAST16   "hd"#define PRIiFAST16   "hi"#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER<=1200    // VC6#define PRId32       "d"#define PRIi32       "i"#define PRIdLEAST32  "d"#define PRIiLEAST32  "i"#define PRIdFAST32   "d"#define PRIiFAST32   "i"#else#define PRId32       "I32d"#define PRIi32       "I32i"#define PRIdLEAST32  "I32d"#define PRIiLEAST32  "I32i"#define PRIdFAST32   "I32d"#define PRIiFAST32   "I32i"#endif#define PRId64       "I64d"#define PRIi64       "I64i"#define PRIdLEAST64  "I64d"#define PRIiLEAST64  "I64i"#define PRIdFAST64   "I64d"#define PRIiFAST64   "I64i"#define PRIdMAX     "I64d"#define PRIiMAX     "I64i"#define PRIdPTR     "Id"#define PRIiPTR     "Ii"// The fprintf macros for unsigned integers are:#define PRIo8       "o"#define PRIu8       "u"#define PRIx8       "x"#define PRIX8       "X"#define PRIoLEAST8  "o"#define PRIuLEAST8  "u"#define PRIxLEAST8  "x"#define PRIXLEAST8  "X"#define PRIoFAST8   "o"#define PRIuFAST8   "u"#define PRIxFAST8   "x"#define PRIXFAST8   "X"#define PRIo16       "ho"#define PRIu16       "hu"#define PRIx16       "hx"#define PRIX16       "hX"#define PRIoLEAST16  "ho"#define PRIuLEAST16  "hu"#define PRIxLEAST16  "hx"#define PRIXLEAST16  "hX"#define PRIoFAST16   "ho"#define PRIuFAST16   "hu"#define PRIxFAST16   "hx"#define PRIXFAST16   "hX"#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER<=1200    // VC6#define PRIo32       "o"#define PRIu32       "u"#define PRIx32       "x"#define PRIX32       "X"#define PRIoLEAST32  "o"#define PRIuLEAST32  "u"#define PRIxLEAST32  "x"#define PRIXLEAST32  "X"#define PRIoFAST32   "o"#define PRIuFAST32   "u"#define PRIxFAST32   "x"#define PRIXFAST32   "X"#else#define PRIo32       "I32o"#define PRIu32       "I32u"#define PRIx32       "I32x"#define PRIX32       "I32X"#define PRIoLEAST32  "I32o"#define PRIuLEAST32  "I32u"#define PRIxLEAST32  "I32x"#define PRIXLEAST32  "I32X"#define PRIoFAST32   "I32o"#define PRIuFAST32   "I32u"#define PRIxFAST32   "I32x"#define PRIXFAST32   "I32X"#endif#define PRIo64       "I64o"#define PRIu64       "I64u"#define PRIx64       "I64x"#define PRIX64       "I64X"#define PRIoLEAST64  "I64o"#define PRIuLEAST64  "I64u"#define PRIxLEAST64  "I64x"#define PRIXLEAST64  "I64X"#define PRIoFAST64   "I64o"#define PRIuFAST64   "I64u"#define PRIxFAST64   "I64x"#define PRIXFAST64   "I64X"#define PRIoMAX     "I64o"#define PRIuMAX     "I64u"#define PRIxMAX     "I64x"#define PRIXMAX     "I64X"#define PRIoPTR     "Io"#define PRIuPTR     "Iu"#define PRIxPTR     "Ix"#define PRIXPTR     "IX"// The fscanf macros for signed integers are:#define SCNd8       "d"#define SCNi8       "i"#define SCNdLEAST8  "d"#define SCNiLEAST8  "i"#define SCNdFAST8   "d"#define SCNiFAST8   "i"#define SCNd16       "hd"#define SCNi16       "hi"#define SCNdLEAST16  "hd"#define SCNiLEAST16  "hi"#define SCNdFAST16   "hd"#define SCNiFAST16   "hi"#define SCNd32       "ld"#define SCNi32       "li"#define SCNdLEAST32  "ld"#define SCNiLEAST32  "li"#define SCNdFAST32   "ld"#define SCNiFAST32   "li"#define SCNd64       "I64d"#define SCNi64       "I64i"#define SCNdLEAST64  "I64d"#define SCNiLEAST64  "I64i"#define SCNdFAST64   "I64d"#define SCNiFAST64   "I64i"#define SCNdMAX     "I64d"#define SCNiMAX     "I64i"#ifdef _WIN64 // [#  define SCNdPTR     "I64d"#  define SCNiPTR     "I64i"#else  // _WIN64 ][#  define SCNdPTR     "ld"#  define SCNiPTR     "li"#endif  // _WIN64 ]// The fscanf macros for unsigned integers are:#define SCNo8       "o"#define SCNu8       "u"#define SCNx8       "x"#define SCNX8       "X"#define SCNoLEAST8  "o"#define SCNuLEAST8  "u"#define SCNxLEAST8  "x"#define SCNXLEAST8  "X"#define SCNoFAST8   "o"#define SCNuFAST8   "u"#define SCNxFAST8   "x"#define SCNXFAST8   "X"#define SCNo16       "ho"#define SCNu16       "hu"#define SCNx16       "hx"#define SCNX16       "hX"#define SCNoLEAST16  "ho"#define SCNuLEAST16  "hu"#define SCNxLEAST16  "hx"#define SCNXLEAST16  "hX"#define SCNoFAST16   "ho"#define SCNuFAST16   "hu"#define SCNxFAST16   "hx"#define SCNXFAST16   "hX"#define SCNo32       "lo"#define SCNu32       "lu"#define SCNx32       "lx"#define SCNX32       "lX"#define SCNoLEAST32  "lo"#define SCNuLEAST32  "lu"#define SCNxLEAST32  "lx"#define SCNXLEAST32  "lX"#define SCNoFAST32   "lo"#define SCNuFAST32   "lu"#define SCNxFAST32   "lx"#define SCNXFAST32   "lX"#define SCNo64       "I64o"#define SCNu64       "I64u"#define SCNx64       "I64x"#define SCNX64       "I64X"#define SCNoLEAST64  "I64o"#define SCNuLEAST64  "I64u"#define SCNxLEAST64  "I64x"#define SCNXLEAST64  "I64X"#define SCNoFAST64   "I64o"#define SCNuFAST64   "I64u"#define SCNxFAST64   "I64x"#define SCNXFAST64   "I64X"#define SCNoMAX     "I64o"#define SCNuMAX     "I64u"#define SCNxMAX     "I64x"#define SCNXMAX     "I64X"#ifdef _WIN64 // [#  define SCNoPTR     "I64o"#  define SCNuPTR     "I64u"#  define SCNxPTR     "I64x"#  define SCNXPTR     "I64X"#else  // _WIN64 ][#  define SCNoPTR     "lo"#  define SCNuPTR     "lu"#  define SCNxPTR     "lx"#  define SCNXPTR     "lX"#endif  // _WIN64 ]#endif // __STDC_FORMAT_MACROS ]// 7.8.2 Functions for greatest-width integer types// 7.8.2.1 The imaxabs function#define imaxabs _abs64// 7.8.2.2 The imaxdiv function#ifdef _MSC_VER// This is modified version of div() function from Microsoft's div.c found// in %MSVC.NET%\crt\src\div.c#ifdef STATIC_IMAXDIV // [static#else // STATIC_IMAXDIV ][_inline#endif // STATIC_IMAXDIV ]imaxdiv_t __cdecl imaxdiv(intmax_t numer, intmax_t denom){   imaxdiv_t result;   result.quot = numer / denom;   result.rem = numer % denom;   if (numer < 0 && result.rem > 0) {      // did division wrong; must fix up      ++result.quot;      result.rem -= denom;   }   return result;}#endif  // #ifdef _MSC_VER// 7.8.2.3 The strtoimax and strtoumax functions#define strtoimax _strtoi64#define strtoumax _strtoui64// 7.8.2.4 The wcstoimax and wcstoumax functions#define wcstoimax _wcstoi64#define wcstoumax _wcstoui64#endif // _MSC_INTTYPES_H_ ]#endif // #ifdef _INTTYPES_H_SYS_#endif // #ifndef _INTTYPES_H_ALL_

 

　　测试代码：c99int.c——

#define __STDC_LIMIT_MACROS#define __STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS#define __STDC_FORMAT_MACROS#include <stdio.h>#include <wchar.h>#include "stdint.h"#include "inttypes.h"int main(int argc, char* argv[]){    uint8_t i8 = (uint8_t)INT8_C(-1);    uint16_t i16 = (uint16_t)INT16_C(-1);    uint32_t i32 = (uint32_t)INT32_C(-1);    uint64_t i64 = (uint64_t)INT64_C(-1);    printf("c99int:\t%" PRIu8 ", %" PRIu16 ", %" PRIu32 ", %" PRIu64 "\n", i8, i16, i32, i64);    return 0;}

 

三、测试结果

　　在以下编译器中成功编译——
VC6
VC2003
VC2005
VC2010（x86与x64）
BCB6
GCC 4.7.0（Fedora 17）
GCC 4.6.2（MinGW (20120426)）

参考文献——
《ISO/IEC 9899:1999 (C99)》。ISO/IEC，1999。www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n1124.pdf
《C99标准》。yourtommy。http://blog.csdn.net/yourtommy/article/details/7495033
msinttypes-r26. http://code.google.com/p/msinttypes/
《VC 里边怎么用C99》. http://hi.baidu.com/419836321/blog/item/bf643830976204b15edf0e3a.html
《[C/C++] 显示各种C/C++编译器的预定义宏（C11标准、C++11标准、VC、BCB、Intel、GCC）》. http://www.cnblogs.com/zyl910/archive/2012/08/02/printmacro.html

源码下载—— 
http://files.cnblogs.com/zyl910/c99int.rar