Oracle启动，关闭过程

1，oracle启动过程

nomount(instance started) -> mount(database mounted) -> open(database opened)

SQL> startup  ORACLE instance started.    Total System Global Area  599785472 bytes  Fixed Size                  2022632 bytes  Variable Size             121635608 bytes  Database Buffers          473956352 bytes  Redo Buffers                2170880 bytes  Database mounted.  Database opened.  

启动数据库的后台日志：

Thu Nov  8 20:01:04 2012Starting ORACLE instance (normal)                          --start instanceLICENSE_MAX_SESSION = 0LICENSE_SESSIONS_WARNING = 0Picked latch-free SCN scheme 1Using LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10 parameter default value as USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DESTAutotune of undo retention is turned on. IMODE=BRILAT =18LICENSE_MAX_USERS = 0SYS auditing is disabledksdpec: called for event 13740 prior to event group initializationStarting up ORACLE RDBMS Version: 10.2.0.1.0.System parameters with non-default values:  processes                = 150  __shared_pool_size       = 163577856  __large_pool_size        = 4194304  __java_pool_size         = 4194304  __streams_pool_size      = 0  nls_date_language        = american  nls_date_format          = yyyy-mm-dd  nls_timestamp_format     = yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss  sga_target               = 599785472  control_files            = /home/oracle/oracle/oradata/TESTDB/control01.ctl, /home/oracle/oracle/oradata/TESTDB/control02.ctl, /home/oracle/oracle/oradata/TESTDB/control03.ctl  db_block_size            = 8192  __db_cache_size          = 423624704  compatible               = 10.2.0.1.0  db_file_multiblock_read_count= 16  db_recovery_file_dest    = /home/oracle/oracle/flash_recovery_area  db_recovery_file_dest_size= 2147483648  undo_management          = AUTO  undo_tablespace          = UNDOTBS1  remote_login_passwordfile= EXCLUSIVE  db_domain                =   dispatchers              = (PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=LCDMP2XDB)  job_queue_processes      = 10  background_dump_dest     = /home/oracle/oracle/admin/TESTDB/bdump  user_dump_dest           = /home/oracle/oracle/admin/TESTDB/udump  core_dump_dest           = /home/oracle/oracle/admin/TESTDB/cdump  audit_file_dest          = /home/oracle/oracle/admin/TESTDB/adump  db_name                  = TESTDB  open_cursors             = 300  pga_aggregate_target     = 199229440PMON started with pid=2, OS id=22564PSP0 started with pid=3, OS id=22566MMAN started with pid=4, OS id=22568DBW0 started with pid=5, OS id=22570LGWR started with pid=6, OS id=22572CKPT started with pid=7, OS id=22574SMON started with pid=8, OS id=22576RECO started with pid=9, OS id=22578CJQ0 started with pid=10, OS id=22580MMON started with pid=11, OS id=22582MMNL started with pid=12, OS id=22584Thu Nov  8 20:01:04 2012starting up 1 dispatcher(s) for network address '(ADDRESS=(PARTIAL=YES)(PROTOCOL=TCP))'...starting up 1 shared server(s) ...Thu Nov  8 20:01:04 2012ALTER DATABASE   MOUNT                                     --mountThu Nov  8 20:01:08 2012Setting recovery target incarnation to 2Thu Nov  8 20:01:08 2012Successful mount of redo thread 1, with mount id 1508843648Thu Nov  8 20:01:08 2012Database mounted in Exclusive ModeCompleted: ALTER DATABASE   MOUNT                          --mount overThu Nov  8 20:01:09 2012ALTER DATABASE OPEN                                        --db openThu Nov  8 20:01:09 2012Thread 1 opened at log sequence 3442  Current log# 1 seq# 3442 mem# 0: /home/oracle/oracle/oradata/TESTDB/redo01.logSuccessful open of redo thread 1Thu Nov  8 20:01:09 2012MTTR advisory is disabled because FAST_START_MTTR_TARGET is not setThu Nov  8 20:01:09 2012SMON: enabling cache recoveryThu Nov  8 20:01:09 2012Successfully onlined Undo Tablespace 1.Thu Nov  8 20:01:09 2012SMON: enabling tx recoveryThu Nov  8 20:01:09 2012Database Characterset is AL32UTF8replication_dependency_tracking turned off (no async multimaster replication found)Starting background process QMNCQMNC started with pid=17, OS id=22594Thu Nov  8 20:01:10 2012db_recovery_file_dest_size of 2048 MB is 0.00% used. This is auser-specified limit on the amount of space that will be used by thisdatabase for recovery-related files, and does not reflect the amount ofspace available in the underlying filesystem or ASM diskgroup.Thu Nov  8 20:01:11 2012Completed: ALTER DATABASE OPEN                             --db open over

instance started （启动数据库实例）：

既然是启动实例，那么oracle首先根据参数文件参数创建实例，分配内存，启动后台进程。

进程信息中pid表示进程在数据库内部的标识符号，os id表示进程在操作系统上的进程编号

PMON started with pid=2, OS id=22564

[oracle@oracle ~]$ ps -ef|grep 22564oracle   2530  2504  0 11:46 pts/1    00:00:00 grep 22564oracle  22564     1  0 Nov08 ?        00:00:00 ora_pmon_TESTDB

2，oracle关闭过程

与启动过程正好相反，为逆向过程

database closed -> database dismounted -> instance shut down

SQL> shutdown immediate;  Database closed.  Database dismounted.  ORACLE instance shut down. 

关闭数据库的后台日志：

Thu Nov  8 19:54:47 2012Starting background process EMN0EMN0 started with pid=25, OS id=22441Thu Nov  8 19:54:47 2012Shutting down instance: further logons disabledThu Nov  8 19:54:48 2012Stopping background process CJQ0Thu Nov  8 19:54:48 2012Stopping background process QMNCThu Nov  8 19:54:50 2012Stopping background process MMNLThu Nov  8 19:54:51 2012Stopping background process MMONThu Nov  8 19:54:52 2012Shutting down instance (immediate)License high water mark = 9Thu Nov  8 19:54:52 2012Stopping Job queue slave processesThu Nov  8 19:54:57 2012Process OS id : 22429 alive after killErrors in file Thu Nov  8 19:54:57 2012Job queue slave processes stoppedAll dispatchers and shared servers shutdownThu Nov  8 19:55:09 2012PMON failed to acquire latch, see PMON dumpThu Nov  8 19:55:10 2012ALTER DATABASE CLOSE NORMALThu Nov  8 19:55:10 2012SMON: disabling tx recoverySMON: disabling cache recoveryThu Nov  8 19:55:10 2012Shutting down archive processesArchiving is disabledArchive process shutdown avoided: 0 activeThread 1 closed at log sequence 3442Successful close of redo thread 1Thu Nov  8 19:55:10 2012Completed: ALTER DATABASE CLOSE NORMALThu Nov  8 19:55:10 2012ALTER DATABASE DISMOUNTCompleted: ALTER DATABASE DISMOUNTARCH: Archival disabled due to shutdown: 1089Shutting down archive processesArchiving is disabledArchive process shutdown avoided: 0 activeARCH: Archival disabled due to shutdown: 1089Shutting down archive processesArchiving is disabledArchive process shutdown avoided: 0 active