无线操作模式Wireless Operating Modes

Wireless Operating Modes

目录

1. Wireless Operating Modes
   1. Station (STA) infrastructure mode
   2. AccessPoint (AP) infrastructure mode
   3. Monitor (MON) mode
   4. Ad-Hoc (IBSS) mode
   5. Wireless Distribution System (WDS) mode
   6. Mesh

A WNIC always operates in one of the following operating modes. The mode sets the main functionality of the wireless link. It is possible to run in two modes at the same time.

Station (STA) infrastructure mode

任何的无线驱动都有这个功能. 因此也作为默认模式. 两个无线网卡都用STA模式,不能互联. 他们需要再用个无线网卡做AP模式!一个STA模式,连接一个AP模式的无线网卡,通过发送确定的管理帧. 这个过程称为认证和关联.在AP发送成功关联的返回值时,STA网卡就已经连入无线网络.

这个模式在iwconfig工具中称为managed

AccessPoint (AP) infrastructure mode

在一个托管的无线网络,Access Point扮演着一个主设备.它通过托管和维护关联的STA列表保留了网络连接状态.也负责安全策略.MAC地址之后的AP网络(BSSID).人们通过SSID查看网络，也可以通过AP设置.

To use AP mode in Linux you need to usehostapd, at least a current 0.6 release, preferably from git. Cf.http://wireless.erley.org

Monitor (MON) mode

Monitor模式只是一个被动模式,没有帧被主动传输.所有进来的包都未被过滤的转发给电脑.这个模式在观察网络状态很有用.

With mac80211, it is possible to have a network device in monitor mode in addition to a regular device, this is useful to observe the network whilst using it. However, not all hardware fully supports this as not all hardware can be configured to show all packets while in one of the other operating modes. Monitor mode interfaces always work on a "best effort" basis.

With mac80211, it's also possible to transmit packets in monitor mode, which is known as packet injection. This is useful for applications that wish to implement MLME work in userspace, for example to support nonstandard MAC extensions of IEEE 802.11.

• See also: radiotap.

Ad-Hoc (IBSS) mode

Ad-Hoc模式又叫做IBBS (独立基础服务集Independent Basic Service Set)模式,用过创建一个没有AP的无线网络.所有在IBSS范围内的工作站都自己管理网络. Ad-Hoc在两个或更多电脑之间连接没有AP设备的环境.

Wireless Distribution System (WDS) mode

分布系统通过有线连接AP,无线分布系统无线等同有线.无线分布系统充当一个无线通信路径在不同的AP之间(通常一个ESS),可以用来取代布线.请阅读iw WDS文档如何使用它,但也可以使用4-address模式.

Mesh

Mesh接口用来允许多个设备互联通过建立智能的路由动态获取.

Please see Wikipedia's entry on 802.11s. and Wireless mesh network(WMN).

In order to achieve mesh portal functionality, you can bridge a mesh interface with a regular Ethernet interface.