seq_file文件的内核读取过程

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FROM:http://www.cnblogs.com/Wandererzj/archive/2012/04/16/2452209.html

seq_file文件的内核读取过程

1 问题
seq_file只是在普通的文件read中加入了内核缓冲的功能,从而实现顺序多次遍历,读取大数据量的简单接口。seq_file一般只提供只读接口,在使用seq_file操作时,主要靠下述四个操作来完成内核自定义缓冲区的遍历的输出操作,其中pos作为遍历的iterator,在seq_read函数中被多次使用,用以定位当前从内核自定义链表中读取的当前位置,当多次读取时,pos非常重要,且pos总是遵循从0,1,2...end+1遍历的次序,其即必须作为遍历内核自定义链表的下标,也可以作为返回内容的标识。但是我在使用中仅仅将其作为返回内容的标示,并没有将其作为遍历链表的下标,从而导致返回数据量大时造成莫名奇妙的错误,注意:start返回的void*v如果非0,被show输出后,在作为参数传递给next函数,next可以对其修改,也可以忽略;当next或者start返回NULL时,在seq_open中控制路径到达seq_end。

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struct seq_operations {    void * (*start) (struct seq_file *m, loff_t *pos);    void (*stop) (struct seq_file *m, void *v);    void * (*next) (struct seq_file *m, void *v, loff_t *pos);    int (*show) (struct seq_file *m, void *v);};
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2 seq_file操作细节
2.0 struct seq_file结构体描述

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struct seq_file {    char *buf;       //在seq_open中分配,大小为4KB    size_t size;     //4096    size_t from;     //struct file从seq_file中向用户态缓冲区拷贝时相对于buf的偏移地址    size_t count;    //可以拷贝到用户态的字符数目    loff_t index;    //从内核态向seq_file的内核态缓冲区buf中拷贝时start、next的处理的下标pos数值,即用户自定义遍历iter    loff_t read_pos; //当前已拷贝到用户态的数据量大小,即struct file中拷贝到用户态的数据量    u64 version;     struct mutex lock; //保护该seq_file的互斥锁结构    const struct seq_operations *op; //seq_start,seq_next,set_show,seq_stop函数结构体    void *private;};*色为自定义内核相对于seq_file内核缓冲*色为seq_file内核缓冲相对于用户态缓冲区
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2.1普通文件struct file的open函数建立seq_file于struct file即seq_file与struct seq_operation操作函数的连接关系

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/** *    seq_open -    initialize sequential file *    @file: file we initialize *    @op: method table describing the sequence * *    seq_open() sets @file, associating it with a sequence described *    by @op.  @op->start() sets the iterator up and returns the first *    element of sequence. @op->stop() shuts it down.  @op->next() *    returns the next element of sequence.  @op->show() prints element *    into the buffer.  In case of error ->start() and ->next() return *    ERR_PTR(error).  In the end of sequence they return %NULL. ->show() *    returns 0 in case of success and negative number in case of error. *    Returning SEQ_SKIP means "discard this element and move on".如果初始化出现问题:start,next返回ERR_PTR如果结束时出现问题:遍历结束时返回NULL显示正确时,show返回0,如果显示错误则返回负值*/
int seq_open(struct file *file, const struct seq_operations *op){    struct seq_file *p = file->private_data;    if (!p) {        p = kmalloc(sizeof(*p), GFP_KERNEL);        if (!p)            return -ENOMEM;        file->private_data = p;    }    memset(p, 0, sizeof(*p));    mutex_init(&p->lock);    p->op = op;    /*     * Wrappers around seq_open(e.g. swaps_open) need to be     * aware of this. If they set f_version themselves, they     * should call seq_open first and then set f_version.     */    file->f_version = 0;    /*     * seq_files support lseek() and pread().  They do not implement     * write() at all, but we clear FMODE_PWRITE here for historical     * reasons.     *     * If a client of seq_files a) implements file.write() and b) wishes to     * support pwrite() then that client will need to implement its own     * file.open() which calls seq_open() and then sets FMODE_PWRITE.     */    file->f_mode &= ~FMODE_PWRITE;    return 0;}EXPORT_SYMBOL(seq_open);
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2.2 普通文件struct file的读取函数为seq_read,完成seq_file的读取过程
正常情况下分两次完成:第一次执行执行seq_read时:start->show->next->show...->next->show->next->stop,此时返回内核自定义缓冲区所有内容,即copied !=0,所以会有第二次读取操作
第二次执行seq_read时:由于此时内核自定义内容都返回,根据seq_file->index指示,所以执行start->stop,返回0,即copied=0,并退出seq_read操作
整体来看,用户态调用一次读操作,seq_file流程为:该函数调用struct seq_operations结构体顺序为:start->show->next->show...->next->show->next->stop->start->stop来读取顺序文件

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  1 /**  2 * seq_read - ->read() method for sequential files.  3 * @file: the file to read from  4 * @buf: the buffer to read to  5 * @size: the maximum number of bytes to read  6 * @ppos: the current position in the file  7 *  8 * Ready-made ->f_op->read()  9 */ 10 ssize_t seq_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *ppos) 11 { 12     struct seq_file *m = (struct seq_file *)file->private_data; 13     size_t copied = 0; 14     loff_t pos; 15     size_t n; 16     void *p; 17     int err = 0; 18  19     mutex_lock(&m->lock); 20  21     /* Don't assume *ppos is where we left it */ 22     if (unlikely(*ppos != m->read_pos))  //如果用户已经读取内容和seq_file中不一致,要将seq_file部分内容丢弃 23     { 24         m->read_pos = *ppos; 25         while ((err = traverse(m, *ppos)) == -EAGAIN) //如果是这样,首先通过seq_start,seq_show,seq_next,seq_show...seq_next,seq_show,seq_stop读取*pos大小内容到seq_file的buf中 26             ; 27         if (err) 28         { 29             /* With prejudice... */ 30             m->read_pos = 0; 31             m->version = 0; 32             m->index = 0; 33             m->count = 0; 34             goto Done; 35         } 36     } 37  38     /* 39     * seq_file->op->..m_start/m_stop/m_next may do special actions 40     * or optimisations based on the file->f_version, so we want to 41     * pass the file->f_version to those methods. 42     * 43     * seq_file->version is just copy of f_version, and seq_file 44     * methods can treat it simply as file version. 45     * It is copied in first and copied out after all operations. 46     * It is convenient to have it as part of structure to avoid the 47     * need of passing another argument to all the seq_file methods. 48     */ 49     m->version = file->f_version; 50     /* grab buffer if we didn't have one */ 51     if (!m->buf)   如果第一次读取seq_file,申请4K大小空间 52     { 53         m->buf = kmalloc(m->size = PAGE_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL); 54         if (!m->buf) 55             goto Enomem; 56     } 57     /* if not empty - flush it first */ 58     if (m->count)  //如果seq_file中已经有内容,可能在前面通过traverse考了部分内容 59     { 60         n = min(m->count, size); 61         err = copy_to_user(buf, m->buf + m->from, n); //拷贝到用户态 62         if (err) 63             goto Efault; 64         m->count -= n; 65         m->from += n; 66         size -= n; 67         buf += n; 68         copied += n; 69         if (!m->count) //如果正好通过seq_序列操作拷贝了count个字节,从下个位置开始拷贝,不太清楚,traverse函数中,m->index已经增加过了,这里还要加? 70             m->index++; 71         if (!size) 72             goto Done; 73     } 74     /* we need at least one record in buffer */ 75     pos = m->index;              //假设该函数从这里开始执行,pos=0,当第二次执行时,pos =上次遍历的最后下标 + 1 >0,所以在start中,需要对pos非0特殊处理 76     p = m->op->start(m, &pos);   //p为seq_start返回的字符串指针,pos=0; 77     while (1) 78     { 79         err = PTR_ERR(p); 80         if (!p || IS_ERR(p))       //如果通过start或next遍历出错,即返回的p出错,则退出循环,一般情况下,在第二次seq_open时,通过start即出错[pos变化],退出循环 81             break; 82         err = m->op->show(m, p);   //将p所指的内容显示到seq_file结构的buf缓冲区中 83         if (err < 0)               //如果通过show输出出错,退出循环,此时表明buf已经溢出 84             break; 85         if (unlikely(err))         //如果seq_show返回正常[即seq_file的buf未溢出,则返回0],此时将m->count设置为0,要将m->count设置为0 86             m->count = 0;    87         if (unlikely(!m->count))   //一般情况下,m->count==0,所以该判定返回false,#define unlikely(x) __builtin_expect(!!(x), 0)用于分支预测,提高系统流水效率 88         { 89             p = m->op->next(m, p, &pos); 90             m->index = pos; 91             continue; 92         }                               93         if (m->count < m->size)  //一般情况下,经过seq_start->seq_show到达这里[基本上是这一种情况],或者在err!=0 [即show出错] && m->count != 0时到达这里 94             goto Fill; 95         m->op->stop(m, p); 96         kfree(m->buf); 97         m->buf = kmalloc(m->size <<= 1, GFP_KERNEL); 98         if (!m->buf) 99             goto Enomem;100         m->count = 0;101         m->version = 0;102         pos = m->index;103         p = m->op->start(m, &pos);104     }105     m->op->stop(m, p);   正常情况下,进入到这里,此时已经将所有的seq_file文件拷贝到buf中,且buf未溢出,这说明seq序列化操作返回的内容比较少,少于4KB106     m->count = 0;107     goto Done;108 Fill:109     /* they want more? let's try to get some more */110     while (m->count < size)111     {112         size_t offs = m->count;          113         loff_t next = pos;114         p = m->op->next(m, p, &next);   //一般情况在上面的while循环中只经历了seq_start和seq_show函数,然后进入到这里,在这个循环里,执行下面循环:115         if (!p || IS_ERR(p))            //如果seq_file的buf未满: seq_next,seq_show,....seq_next->跳出116         {                               //如果seq_file的buf满了:则offs表示了未满前最大的读取量,此时p返回自定义结构内容的指针,但是后面show时候只能拷贝了该117             err = PTR_ERR(p);           //内容的一部分,导致m->cont == m->size判断成立,从而m->count回滚到本次拷贝前,后面的pos++表示下次从下一个开始拷贝118             break;119         }120         err = m->op->show(m, p);   //我遇到的实际问题是show后,直接到stop,所以从这里退出了,应该是seq_file的buf填满导致的问题,这里肯定是m->count == m->size121         if (m->count == m->size || err)  //如果seq_file的buf满:   seq_next,seq_show,....seq_next,seq_show->跳出122         {123             m->count = offs;124             if (likely(err <= 0))125                 break;126         }127         pos = next;128     }129     m->op->stop(m, p);     最后执行seq_stop函数130     n = min(m->count, size);131     err = copy_to_user(buf, m->buf, n); //将最多size大小的内核缓冲区内容拷贝到用户态缓冲区buf中132     if (err)133         goto Efault;134     copied += n;135     m->count -= n;136     if (m->count) 如果本次给用户态没拷贝完,比如seq_file中count=100,但是n=10,即拷贝了前10个,则下次从10位置开始拷贝,这种情况一般不会出现137         m->from = n;138     else //一般情况下,pos++,下次遍历时从next中的下一个开始,刚开始时,让seq_func遍历指针递减,但是每次以k退出后,下次继续从k递减,原来是这里++了,所以遍历最好让指针递增139         pos++;140     m->index = pos;141 Done:142     if (!copied)143         copied = err;   //copied = 0144     else145     {146         *ppos += copied;147         m->read_pos += copied;148     }149     file->f_version = m->version;150     mutex_unlock(&m->lock);151     return copied;   //返回拷贝的字符数目,将copied个字符内容从seq_file的buf中拷贝到用户的buf中152 Enomem:153     err = -ENOMEM;154     goto Done;155 Efault:156     err = -EFAULT;157     goto Done;158 }
我的情况是:
执行流程为:... next->show->stop->start->stop->start->stop,这种问题出现是因为,在某次调用show过程中发现seq_file的buf满了,此时m->count回退到调用前,然后调用stop函数,由于stop内容非常小,所以可以填入seq_file的buf,从而完成第一次fill_buf操作时,顺带有stop信息,操作完之后,此时pos=0,由于在seq_read末尾将其++,导致seq_file->index=1,然后第二次进入到seq_read中,此时可能出现err,导致该函数以非0返回,第3次时,才返回0.
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2.3 将数据从自定义核心中拷贝到seq_file结构体的buf缓冲中的操作函数

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int seq_printf(struct seq_file *m, const char *f, ...){    va_list args;    int len;    if (m->count < m->size) {        va_start(args, f);        len = vsnprintf(m->buf + m->count, m->size - m->count, f, args);        va_end(args);        if (m->count + len < m->size) {            m->count += len;            return 0;     //成功返回0,此时buf未满        }    }    m->count = m->size;    return -1;   //如果buf缓冲已满,或者给buf输出后,导致buf溢出,返回-1}
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附件:

1 错误代码

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 1 static void * seqStart (struct seq_file *m, loff_t *pos) 2 { 3     printk("--------int seqstart\n"); 4     spin_lock(&diskLog.lock); 5     seq_printf(m,"the %d in seStart,pos =%lu\n",++countt,*pos); 6     if (i >= LOG_RECORD_NUM || *pos != 0)  7         return NULL; 8     else  9     {10         *pos = (diskLog.currPos == 0) ? (LOG_RECORD_NUM - 1):(diskLog.currPos-1);11         12       return diskLog.content[*pos];13     }14 }15 static void seqStop (struct seq_file *m, void *v)16 {17     spin_unlock(&diskLog.lock);18     printk("--------int seqstop\n");19     seq_printf(m,"in seqStop\n");20 }21 static void * seqNext (struct seq_file *m, void *v, loff_t *pos)22 {23     i++;24     printk("--------int seqnext\n");25     seq_printf(m,"in seqNext,i=%d\n",i);26     if(i >= LOG_RECORD_NUM)27         return NULL;28     if(*pos <= 0)29          *pos = LOG_RECORD_NUM - 1;30     else31          *pos -=1;32     poss = *pos; 33     return diskLog.content[*pos];34 }35 static int seqShow (struct seq_file *m, void *v)36 {37     printk("--------int seqshow\n");38     if(!i)39         seq_printf(m,"\t\t--------The Recently Log Record--------\n");40     if( *((char*)v) )41     seq_printf(m,"i:%d,pos is:%d,currPos:%d,content:%s\n",i,poss,diskLog.currPos,(char*)v);42     return 0;43 }
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