uboot之nand flash相关(1)
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这几天在做和nandflash相关的东西,之前uboot中nandflash部分搞得模模糊糊。这次就将uboot中nand flash相关部分分析清楚
。本文uboot版本1.3.3
按照uboot的执行流程,在lib_arm/board.c文件中的start_armboot函数中会调用到nand初始化。
初始化的调用流程大致为:
start_armboot
nand_init//driver/mtd/nand/nand.c
nand_init_chip //driver/mtd/nand/nand.c
board_nand_init//cpu/sep4020/nand_flash.c
nand_scan //driver/mtd/nand/nand_base.c
start_armboot函数中,nand初始化部分
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- #if defined(CONFIG_CMD_NAND)/*有nand的板都会定义CONFIG_CMD_NAND*/
- puts ("NAND: ");
- nand_init();/* go init the NAND*/
- #endif
nand_init()在driver/mtd/nand/nand.c文件中定义,此为nand初始化入口函数。
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- void nand_init(void)
- {
- int i;
- unsigned int size = 0;
- for (i = 0; i < CFG_MAX_NAND_DEVICE; i++){ //(1)
- nand_init_chip(&nand_info[i],&nand_chip[i], base_address[i]);//(2)
- size += nand_info[i].size;//(3)
- if (nand_curr_device== -1)
- nand_curr_device = i;
- }
- printf("%lu MiB\n", size/ (1024 * 1024));
- #ifdef CFG_NAND_SELECT_DEVICE
- /*
- * Select the chipin the board/cpu specific driver
- */
- board_nand_select_device(nand_info[nand_curr_device].priv, nand_curr_device);
- #endif
- }
(1)CFG_MAX_NAND_DEVICE,nand的数量,一般板上有一个nand,就定义为1
(2)此函数初始化一个nand flash。首先看函数参数的3个变量。
参数1 nand_info[i],其定义如
nand_info_t nand_info[CFG_MAX_NAND_DEVICE];//driver/mtd/nand/nand.c
定义了一个nand_info_t类型的全局数组,当然这里其CFG_MAX_NAND_DEVICE等于1,只有一个成员,再看nand_info_t定义
typedef struct mtd_info nand_info_t; //include/Nand.h
mtd_info定义在include/linux/mtd/mtd.h中,它表示一个mtd设备的结构体,包含了mtd属性和其操作函数。
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- struct mtd_info {
- u_char type;
- u_int32_t flags;
- u_int32_t size; /* Total size of the MTD */
- /* "Major" erase size for the device. Na飗e users may take this
- * to be the onlyerase size available,or may use the more detailed
- * information below if they desire
- */
- u_int32_t erasesize;
- u_int32_t oobblock; /* Size of OOB blocks (e.g. 512)*/
- u_int32_t oobsize; /* Amount of OOB data per block (e.g. 16)*/
- u_int32_t oobavail; /* Number of bytes in OOB area available for fs */
- u_int32_t ecctype;
- u_int32_t eccsize;
- /* Kernel-only stuff starts here.*/
- char *name;
- int index;
- /* oobinfois a nand_oobinfo structure, which can beset by iotcl (MEMSETOOBINFO)*/
- struct nand_oobinfo oobinfo;
- /* Datafor variable erase regions.If numeraseregions is zero,
- * it means that the whole device has erasesize as given above.
- */
- int numeraseregions;
- struct mtd_erase_region_info *eraseregions;
- /* This really shouldn't be here. It can go awayin 2.5 */
- u_int32_t bank_size;
- int (*erase)(struct mtd_info *mtd, struct erase_info*instr);
- /* This stufffor eXecute-In-Place*/
- int (*point)(struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t from, size_tlen, size_t*retlen, u_char**mtdbuf);
- /* We probably shouldn't allow XIPif the unpoint isn't aNULL */
- void (*unpoint)(struct mtd_info *mtd, u_char* addr, loff_t from, size_tlen);
- int (*read)(struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t from, size_tlen, size_t*retlen, u_char*buf);
- int (*write)(struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_tto, size_t len, size_t *retlen, const u_char*buf);
- int (*read_ecc)(struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t from, size_tlen, size_t*retlen, u_char*buf, u_char
- *eccbuf, struct nand_oobinfo*oobsel);
- int (*write_ecc)(struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_tto, size_t len, size_t *retlen, const u_char*buf, u_char
- *eccbuf, struct nand_oobinfo*oobsel);
- int (*read_oob)(struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t from, size_tlen, size_t*retlen, u_char*buf);
- int (*write_oob)(struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_tto, size_t len, size_t *retlen, const u_char*buf);
- /*
- * Methods to access the protection register area, presentin some
- * flash devices. The user datais one time programmable but the
- * factory data is read only.
- */
- int (*read_user_prot_reg)(struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t from, size_tlen, size_t*retlen, u_char*buf);
- int (*read_fact_prot_reg)(struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t from, size_tlen, size_t*retlen, u_char*buf);
- /* Thisfunction isnot yet implemented */
- int (*write_user_prot_reg)(struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t from, size_tlen, size_t*retlen, u_char*buf);
- /* Sync*/
- void (*sync)(struct mtd_info *mtd);
- /* Bad block management functions*/
- int (*block_isbad)(struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t ofs);
- int (*block_markbad)(struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t ofs);
- void *priv;
- struct module *owner;
- int usecount;
- };
参数2 nand_chip[i] ,如下
static struct nand_chip nand_chip[CFG_MAX_NAND_DEVICE];
再看struct nand_chip定义,当前文件(driver/mtd/nand/nand.c)包含nand.h(include目录),nand.h又包含#include <linux/mtd/nand.h>,所以nand_chip的定义是linux/mtd/nand.h中的。不是nand_legacy.h。这个结构体表示一个nand flash其包含所有属性和操作函数。
点击(此处)折叠或打开
- /**
- * struct nand_chip - NAND Private Flash Chip Data
- * @IO_ADDR_R:[BOARDSPECIFIC] addressto read the 8 I/O lines of the flash device
- * @IO_ADDR_W:[BOARDSPECIFIC] addressto write the 8 I/O lines of the flash device
- * @read_byte:[REPLACEABLE] read one byte from the chip
- * @write_byte:[REPLACEABLE] write one byteto the chip
- * @read_word:[REPLACEABLE] read one word from the chip
- * @write_word:[REPLACEABLE] write one wordto the chip
- * @write_buf:[REPLACEABLE] write data from the bufferto the chip
- * @read_buf:[REPLACEABLE] read data from the chip into the buffer
- * @verify_buf:[REPLACEABLE] verify buffer contents against the chip data
- * @select_chip:[REPLACEABLE]select chip nr
- * @block_bad:[REPLACEABLE] check,if the block is bad
- * @block_markbad:[REPLACEABLE] mark the block bad
- * @hwcontrol:[BOARDSPECIFIC] hardwarespecificfunction for accesing control-lines
- * @dev_ready:[BOARDSPECIFIC] hardwarespecificfunction for accesing device ready/busy line
- * If set to NULL no accessto ready/busyis available and the ready/busy information
- * is read from the chip status register
- * @cmdfunc:[REPLACEABLE] hardwarespecificfunction for writing commandsto the chip
- * @waitfunc:[REPLACEABLE] hardwarespecificfunction for waiton ready
- * @calculate_ecc:[REPLACEABLE]function for ecc calculationor readback from ecc hardware
- * @correct_data:[REPLACEABLE]function for ecc correction, matchingto ecc generator (sw/hw)
- * @enable_hwecc:[BOARDSPECIFIC]function to enable(reset) hardware ecc generator. Must only
- * be provided if a hardware ECC is available
- * @erase_cmd:[INTERN] erase command write function, selectable dueto AND support
- * @scan_bbt:[REPLACEABLE]function to scan bad block table
- * @eccmode:[BOARDSPECIFIC] mode of ecc, see defines
- * @eccsize:[INTERN] databytes used per ecc-calculation
- * @eccbytes:[INTERN] number of ecc bytes per ecc-calculationstep
- * @eccsteps:[INTERN] number of ecc calculation steps per page
- * @chip_delay:[BOARDSPECIFIC] chip dependent delayfor transfering data from array to read regs (tR)
- * @chip_lock:[INTERN] spinlock usedto protect access to this structure and the chip
- * @wq: [INTERN] wait queue to sleep on if a NAND operation is in progress
- * @state:[INTERN] the current state of the NAND device
- * @page_shift:[INTERN] number of address bitsin a page (column address bits)
- * @phys_erase_shift:[INTERN] number of address bitsin a physical eraseblock
- * @bbt_erase_shift:[INTERN] number of address bitsin a bbt entry
- * @chip_shift:[INTERN] number of address bitsin one chip
- * @data_buf:[INTERN] internal bufferfor one page + oob
- * @oob_buf:[INTERN] oob bufferfor one eraseblock
- * @oobdirty:[INTERN] indicates that oob_buf must be reinitialized
- * @data_poi:[INTERN] pointerto a data buffer
- * @options:[BOARDSPECIFIC] various chip options. They can partly beset to inform nand_scan about
- * special functionality. See the definesfor further explanation
- * @badblockpos:[INTERN] position of the bad block markerin the oob area
- * @numchips:[INTERN] number of physical chips
- * @chipsize:[INTERN] the size of one chipfor multichip arrays
- * @pagemask:[INTERN] page number mask= number of (pages/ chip) - 1
- * @pagebuf:[INTERN] holds the pagenumber whichis currently in data_buf
- * @autooob:[REPLACEABLE] the default(auto)placement scheme
- * @bbt:[INTERN] bad block table pointer
- * @bbt_td:[REPLACEABLE] bad block table descriptorfor flash lookup
- * @bbt_md:[REPLACEABLE] bad block table mirror descriptor
- * @badblock_pattern:[REPLACEABLE] bad block scan pattern usedfor initial bad block scan
- * @controller:[OPTIONAL] a pointerto a hardware controller structure which is shared among multiple independend devices
- * @priv:[OPTIONAL] pointerto private chipdate
- */
- struct nand_chip {
- void __iomem *IO_ADDR_R;
- void __iomem *IO_ADDR_W;
- u_char (*read_byte)(struct mtd_info*mtd);
- void (*write_byte)(struct mtd_info*mtd, u_char byte);
- u16 (*read_word)(struct mtd_info*mtd);
- void (*write_word)(struct mtd_info*mtd, u16 word);
- void (*write_buf)(struct mtd_info*mtd, const u_char *buf,int len);
- void (*read_buf)(struct mtd_info*mtd, u_char*buf, int len);
- int (*verify_buf)(struct mtd_info*mtd, const u_char *buf,int len);
- void (*select_chip)(struct mtd_info*mtd, int chip);
- int (*block_bad)(struct mtd_info*mtd, loff_t ofs,int getchip);
- int (*block_markbad)(struct mtd_info*mtd, loff_t ofs);
- void (*hwcontrol)(struct mtd_info*mtd, int cmd);
- int (*dev_ready)(struct mtd_info*mtd);
- void (*cmdfunc)(struct mtd_info*mtd, unsigned command,int column,int page_addr);
- int (*waitfunc)(struct mtd_info*mtd, struct nand_chip*this, int state);
- int (*calculate_ecc)(struct mtd_info*mtd, const u_char *dat, u_char*ecc_code);
- int (*correct_data)(struct mtd_info*mtd, u_char*dat, u_char*read_ecc, u_char*calc_ecc);
- void (*enable_hwecc)(struct mtd_info*mtd, int mode);
- void (*erase_cmd)(struct mtd_info*mtd, int page);
- int (*scan_bbt)(struct mtd_info*mtd);
- int eccmode;
- int eccsize;
- int eccbytes;
- int eccsteps;
- int chip_delay;
- #if 0
- spinlock_t chip_lock;
- wait_queue_head_t wq;
- nand_state_t state;
- #endif
- int page_shift;
- int phys_erase_shift;
- int bbt_erase_shift;
- int chip_shift;
- u_char *data_buf;
- u_char *oob_buf;
- int oobdirty;
- u_char *data_poi;
- unsigned int options;
- int badblockpos;
- int numchips;
- unsigned long chipsize;
- int pagemask;
- int pagebuf;
- struct nand_oobinfo *autooob;
- uint8_t *bbt;
- struct nand_bbt_descr *bbt_td;
- struct nand_bbt_descr *bbt_md;
- struct nand_bbt_descr *badblock_pattern;
- struct nand_hw_control *controller;
- void *priv;
- };
参数3 base_address[i],如下
static ulong base_address[CFG_MAX_NAND_DEVICE] = CFG_NAND_BASE_LIST;
CFG_NAND_BASE_LIST如下,
#ifndef CFG_NAND_BASE_LIST
#define CFG_NAND_BASE_LIST { CFG_NAND_BASE }
#endif
CFG_NAND_BASE是在include/configs/UB4020.h中配置为
#define CFG_NAND_BASE 0x11000200 (nand FIFO 数据寄存器)
(3)计算出总共nandflash多少容量,在紧随其后的printf语句中打印出来。
接着看同文件(driver/mtd/nand/nand.c)中nand_init_chip函数的分析
点击(此处)折叠或打开
- static void nand_init_chip(struct mtd_info*mtd, struct nand_chip*nand, ulong base_addr)
- {
- mtd->priv= nand;
- nand->IO_ADDR_R= nand->IO_ADDR_W= (void __iomem*)base_addr;//(1)
- if (board_nand_init(nand)== 0){ //(2)
- if (nand_scan(mtd, 1)== 0){ //(3)
- if (!mtd->name)//这个名字在nand_scan中设置,如果在table中找到就有了。
- mtd->name= (char *)default_nand_name;
- } else
- mtd->name= NULL;
- } else {
- mtd->name= NULL;
- mtd->size= 0;
- }
- }
(1)从上面的nand_chip结构体中写道IO_ADDR_R,IO_ADDR_W是nand flash的读写地址, base_add这里设置为0x11000200,正好的nand FIFO的数据寄存器,读写flash的接口寄存器。
(2)此函数设置相关的nand 初始化,它和具体的体现结构有关系,不是共性的东西,在cpu/xxx/Nand_flash.c文件中。
(3) 此函数设置通用默认处理,获得flash id,并匹配等等。
这里我们分析的是sep4020 cpu的board_nand_init() 在cpu/sep4020/nand_flash.c
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- int board_nand_init( struct nand_chip*chip )
- {
- memset((char*) chip, 0, sizeof(struct nand_chip));
- INTC_IMR = 0XFFFFFFFF;//(REGW(INTC_BASE+0X008))IRQ中断屏蔽寄存器 置1为屏蔽 0为通过
- INTC_IMR = 0X00000000;
- EMI_NAND_CONF1 = 0x06402857;//(1)
- EMI_NAND_CONF2 = 0x00d14353;//(2)
- vaddr = malloc(2112);//(3)
- oob64 = malloc(2112);
- memset(vaddr,0,2112);
- memset(oob64,0,2112);
- int erasepage;
- /*设置nand_chip结构中的各个函数指针*/
- /* Set address of NAND IO lines */
- chip->IO_ADDR_R= (void *) EMI_NAND_DATA_RAW;//设置nand flash读写寄存器地址,其实在调用函数中已经设置过了
- chip->IO_ADDR_W= (void *) EMI_NAND_DATA_RAW;
- /* Set address of hardware control function*/
- chip->hwcontrol= sep4020_hwcontrol;
- /* 15 us command delaytime */
- chip->dev_ready= sep4020_nand_dev_ready;
- chip->chip_delay= 15;
- chip->write_buf= sep4020_nand_write_buf;
- chip->read_buf= sep4020_nand_read_buf;
- chip->write_byte= sep4020_nand_write_byte;
- chip->read_byte= sep4020_nand_read_byte;
- chip->eccmode= NAND_ECC_SOFT;
- chip->select_chip= sep4020_nand_select_chip;
- chip->cmdfunc= sep4020_nand_command;
- chip->erase_cmd= sep4020_nand_cmd_erase;
- /* Return happy*/
- return 0;
- }
(1)NAND FLASH的配置器存器1 110-0--100--000000--101000--0101--0111 可查看芯片手册,其中一项设置成5级地址
(2)NAND FLASH的配置器存器2 1--1--0--100--010100--0011--01--01--00--11 可查看芯片手册,页大小配置为2K
(3)分配一个整页空间,后续的读写操作中会用到它来暂存一页数据。
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