python+pyGame 黑白棋游戏

注：以下程序为根据相应的字符界面程序改编而来，写的不好，若有好的建议，望留言告知。而若能帮助一二访客，幸甚！

继续学习python。

为了学习起来更有趣，继续以游戏的方式来学习。

注：前几天学习了Invent Your Own Computer Games with Python 一书中的一些游戏例子程序，有一个字符界面的黑白棋程序，为了更便于操作和美观，我决定把它改为图形界面的程序，但多数代码修改或借用的原始程序。

1.绘制棋盘

import pygame, sys, randomfrom pygame.locals import *BACKGROUNDCOLOR = (255, 255, 255)FPS = 40# 退出def terminate():    pygame.quit()    sys.exit()# 初始化pygame.init()mainClock = pygame.time.Clock()# 加载图片boardImage = pygame.image.load('board.png')boardRect = boardImage.get_rect()blackImage = pygame.image.load('black.png')blackRect = blackImage.get_rect()whiteImage = pygame.image.load('white.png')whiteRect = whiteImage.get_rect()# 设置窗口windowSurface = pygame.display.set_mode((boardRect.width, boardRect.height))pygame.display.set_caption('黑白棋')# 游戏主循环while True:    for event in pygame.event.get():        if event.type == QUIT:            terminate()    windowSurface.fill(BACKGROUNDCOLOR)    windowSurface.blit(boardImage, boardRect, boardRect)        pygame.display.update()    mainClock.tick(FPS)

2.绘制棋子

1）黑白棋的规则，开局时先放置上黑白各两个棋子在中间

2）用一个8x8列表保存棋子

CELLWIDTH = 50CELLHEIGHT = 50PIECEWIDTH = 47PIECEHEIGHT = 47BOARDX = 35BOARDY = 35

# 重置棋盘def resetBoard(board):    for x in range(8):        for y in range(8):            board[x][y] = 'none'    # Starting pieces:    board[3][3] = 'black'    board[3][4] = 'white'    board[4][3] = 'white'    board[4][4] = 'black'# 开局时建立新棋盘def getNewBoard():    board = []    for i in range(8):        board.append(['none'] * 8)    return board

mainBoard = getNewBoard()resetBoard(mainBoard)

for x in range(8):        for y in range(8):            rectDst = pygame.Rect(BOARDX+x*CELLWIDTH+2, BOARDY+y*CELLHEIGHT+2, PIECEWIDTH, PIECEHEIGHT)            if mainBoard[x][y] == 'black':                windowSurface.blit(blackImage, rectDst, blackRect)            elif mainBoard[x][y] == 'white':                windowSurface.blit(whiteImage, rectDst, whiteRect)

3.鼠标事件

1）鼠标操纵

2）轮流走棋

# 谁先走def whoGoesFirst():    if random.randint(0, 1) == 0:        return 'computer'    else:        return 'player'

turn = whoGoesFirst()if turn == 'player':    playerTile = 'black'    computerTile = 'white'else:    playerTile = 'white'    computerTile = 'black'

for event in pygame.event.get():        if event.type == QUIT:            terminate()        if turn == 'player' and event.type == MOUSEBUTTONDOWN and event.button == 1:            x, y = pygame.mouse.get_pos()            col = int((x-BOARDX)/CELLWIDTH)            row = int((y-BOARDY)/CELLHEIGHT)            if makeMove(mainBoard, playerTile, col, row) == True:                if getValidMoves(mainBoard, computerTile) != []:                    turn = 'computer'    windowSurface.fill(BACKGROUNDCOLOR)    windowSurface.blit(boardImage, boardRect, boardRect)    if (turn == 'computer'):        x, y = getComputerMove(mainBoard, computerTile)        makeMove(mainBoard, computerTile, x, y)        savex, savey = x, y        # 玩家没有可行的走法了        if getValidMoves(mainBoard, playerTile) != []:            turn = 'player'    windowSurface.fill(BACKGROUNDCOLOR)    windowSurface.blit(boardImage, boardRect, boardRect)

4.游戏规则

1）是否允许落子

2）落子后的翻转

3）电脑AI走法

前几天不会玩时总被电脑虐，如今略微会玩了，图为我执黑，大胜电脑AI，看来这个AI算法并不咋地啊……

完整程序：

import pygame, sys, randomfrom pygame.locals import *BACKGROUNDCOLOR = (255, 255, 255)BLACK = (255, 255, 255)BLUE = (0, 0, 255)CELLWIDTH = 50CELLHEIGHT = 50PIECEWIDTH = 47PIECEHEIGHT = 47BOARDX = 35BOARDY = 35FPS = 40# 退出def terminate():    pygame.quit()    sys.exit()# 重置棋盘def resetBoard(board):    for x in range(8):        for y in range(8):            board[x][y] = 'none'    # Starting pieces:    board[3][3] = 'black'    board[3][4] = 'white'    board[4][3] = 'white'    board[4][4] = 'black'# 开局时建立新棋盘def getNewBoard():    board = []    for i in range(8):        board.append(['none'] * 8)    return board# 是否是合法走法def isValidMove(board, tile, xstart, ystart):    # 如果该位置已经有棋子或者出界了，返回False    if not isOnBoard(xstart, ystart) or board[xstart][ystart] != 'none':        return False    # 临时将tile 放到指定的位置    board[xstart][ystart] = tile    if tile == 'black':        otherTile = 'white'    else:        otherTile = 'black'    # 要被翻转的棋子    tilesToFlip = []    for xdirection, ydirection in [ [0, 1], [1, 1], [1, 0], [1, -1], [0, -1], [-1, -1], [-1, 0], [-1, 1] ]:        x, y = xstart, ystart        x += xdirection        y += ydirection        if isOnBoard(x, y) and board[x][y] == otherTile:            x += xdirection            y += ydirection            if not isOnBoard(x, y):                continue            # 一直走到出界或不是对方棋子的位置            while board[x][y] == otherTile:                x += xdirection                y += ydirection                if not isOnBoard(x, y):                    break            # 出界了，则没有棋子要翻转OXXXXX            if not isOnBoard(x, y):                continue            # 是自己的棋子OXXXXXXO            if board[x][y] == tile:                while True:                    x -= xdirection                    y -= ydirection                    # 回到了起点则结束                    if x == xstart and y == ystart:                        break                    # 需要翻转的棋子                    tilesToFlip.append([x, y])    # 将前面临时放上的棋子去掉，即还原棋盘    board[xstart][ystart] = 'none' # restore the empty space    # 没有要被翻转的棋子，则走法非法。翻转棋的规则。    if len(tilesToFlip) == 0:   # If no tiles were flipped, this is not a valid move.        return False    return tilesToFlip# 是否出界def isOnBoard(x, y):    return x >= 0 and x <= 7 and y >= 0 and y <=7# 获取可落子的位置def getValidMoves(board, tile):    validMoves = []    for x in range(8):        for y in range(8):            if isValidMove(board, tile, x, y) != False:                validMoves.append([x, y])    return validMoves# 获取棋盘上黑白双方的棋子数def getScoreOfBoard(board):    xscore = 0    oscore = 0    for x in range(8):        for y in range(8):            if board[x][y] == 'black':                xscore += 1            if board[x][y] == 'white':                oscore += 1    return {'black':xscore, 'white':oscore}# 谁先走def whoGoesFirst():    if random.randint(0, 1) == 0:        return 'computer'    else:        return 'player'# 将一个tile棋子放到(xstart, ystart)def makeMove(board, tile, xstart, ystart):    tilesToFlip = isValidMove(board, tile, xstart, ystart)    if tilesToFlip == False:        return False    board[xstart][ystart] = tile    for x, y in tilesToFlip:        board[x][y] = tile    return True# 复制棋盘def getBoardCopy(board):    dupeBoard = getNewBoard()    for x in range(8):        for y in range(8):            dupeBoard[x][y] = board[x][y]    return dupeBoard# 是否在角上def isOnCorner(x, y):    return (x == 0 and y == 0) or (x == 7 and y == 0) or (x == 0 and y == 7) or (x == 7 and y == 7)# 电脑走法，AIdef getComputerMove(board, computerTile):    # 获取所以合法走法    possibleMoves = getValidMoves(board, computerTile)    # 打乱所有合法走法    random.shuffle(possibleMoves)    # [x, y]在角上，则优先走，因为角上的不会被再次翻转    for x, y in possibleMoves:        if isOnCorner(x, y):            return [x, y]    bestScore = -1    for x, y in possibleMoves:        dupeBoard = getBoardCopy(board)        makeMove(dupeBoard, computerTile, x, y)        # 按照分数选择走法，优先选择翻转后分数最多的走法        score = getScoreOfBoard(dupeBoard)[computerTile]        if score > bestScore:            bestMove = [x, y]            bestScore = score    return bestMove# 是否游戏结束def isGameOver(board):    for x in range(8):        for y in range(8):            if board[x][y] == 'none':                return False    return True# 初始化pygame.init()mainClock = pygame.time.Clock()# 加载图片boardImage = pygame.image.load('board.png')boardRect = boardImage.get_rect()blackImage = pygame.image.load('black.png')blackRect = blackImage.get_rect()whiteImage = pygame.image.load('white.png')whiteRect = whiteImage.get_rect()basicFont = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 48)gameoverStr = 'Game Over Score 'mainBoard = getNewBoard()resetBoard(mainBoard)turn = whoGoesFirst()if turn == 'player':    playerTile = 'black'    computerTile = 'white'else:    playerTile = 'white'    computerTile = 'black'print(turn) # 设置窗口windowSurface = pygame.display.set_mode((boardRect.width, boardRect.height))pygame.display.set_caption('黑白棋')gameOver = False# 游戏主循环while True:    for event in pygame.event.get():        if event.type == QUIT:            terminate()        if gameOver == False and turn == 'player' and event.type == MOUSEBUTTONDOWN and event.button == 1:            x, y = pygame.mouse.get_pos()            col = int((x-BOARDX)/CELLWIDTH)            row = int((y-BOARDY)/CELLHEIGHT)            if makeMove(mainBoard, playerTile, col, row) == True:                if getValidMoves(mainBoard, computerTile) != []:                    turn = 'computer'    windowSurface.fill(BACKGROUNDCOLOR)    windowSurface.blit(boardImage, boardRect, boardRect)    if (gameOver == False and turn == 'computer'):        x, y = getComputerMove(mainBoard, computerTile)        makeMove(mainBoard, computerTile, x, y)        savex, savey = x, y        # 玩家没有可行的走法了        if getValidMoves(mainBoard, playerTile) != []:            turn = 'player'    windowSurface.fill(BACKGROUNDCOLOR)    windowSurface.blit(boardImage, boardRect, boardRect)        for x in range(8):        for y in range(8):            rectDst = pygame.Rect(BOARDX+x*CELLWIDTH+2, BOARDY+y*CELLHEIGHT+2, PIECEWIDTH, PIECEHEIGHT)            if mainBoard[x][y] == 'black':                windowSurface.blit(blackImage, rectDst, blackRect)            elif mainBoard[x][y] == 'white':                windowSurface.blit(whiteImage, rectDst, whiteRect)    if isGameOver(mainBoard):        scorePlayer = getScoreOfBoard(mainBoard)[playerTile]        scoreComputer = getScoreOfBoard(mainBoard)[computerTile]        outputStr = gameoverStr + str(scorePlayer) + ":" + str(scoreComputer)        text = basicFont.render(outputStr, True, BLACK, BLUE)        textRect = text.get_rect()        textRect.centerx = windowSurface.get_rect().centerx        textRect.centery = windowSurface.get_rect().centery        windowSurface.blit(text, textRect)        pygame.display.update()    mainClock.tick(FPS)