linux中mail/mailx使用外部smtp发送邮件

一、LINUX下的mail \ mailx为什么无法使用外部SMTP发邮件？

from:http://blog.csdn.net/islandstar/article/details/7868916

 

有时为了达到某种需求统一使用某一SMTP服务器作为发送邮件报告。

通常的做法都是，关闭本机的sendmail服务，修改/etc/mail.rc，增加一下类似两行，指定外部的smtp服务器地址、帐号密码等。

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1. # vi /etc/mail.rc  
2. set from=[e-mail] smtp=smtp.qq.com  
3. set smtp-auth-user=demo smtp-auth-password=demopass smtp-auth=login  

# vi /etc/mail.rcset from=[e-mail] smtp=smtp.qq.comset smtp-auth-user=demo smtp-auth-password=demopass smtp-auth=login

然后通过命令来发送邮件

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1. echo  hello word | mail -s "demo title" [e-mail]  

echo  hello word | mail -s "demo title" [e-mail]

可是发现在RHEL6运行是没有问题，在RHEL5下，mail命令始终是调用本地的sendmail服务来发送邮件的。到底RHEL6和RHEL5下的mail和mailx又有着什么关系呢？

RHEL6下

mail  链接到 mailx 命令，mailx版本为12.4

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1. # rpm -qa|grep mailx  
2. mailx-12.4-6.el6.x86_64  
3. # ll /bin/mail*  
4. lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root      5  7月 22 2011 /bin/mail -> mailx  
5. -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 390424  2月 16 2010 /bin/mailx  
6. # mail -V  
7. 12.4 7/29/08  

# rpm -qa|grep mailxmailx-12.4-6.el6.x86_64# ll /bin/mail*lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root      5  7月 22 2011 /bin/mail -> mailx-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 390424  2月 16 2010 /bin/mailx# mail -V12.4 7/29/08

RHEL5下，则发现了一些不同

mailx  链接到  mail 命令，mailx版本为8.1

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1. # rpm -qa|grep mailx  
2. mailx-8.1.1-44.2.2  
3. # ll /bin/mail*  
4. -rwxr-xr-x 1 root mail 84856 Jun  6  2007 /bin/mail  
5. lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root     4 Apr 12 18:03 /bin/mailx -> mail  
6. # mail -V     此处运行就会出错，没有-V这个参数  

# rpm -qa|grep mailxmailx-8.1.1-44.2.2# ll /bin/mail*-rwxr-xr-x 1 root mail 84856 Jun  6  2007 /bin/maillrwxrwxrwx 1 root root     4 Apr 12 18:03 /bin/mailx -> mail# mail -V     此处运行就会出错，没有-V这个参数

也就是说，在RHEL6\5下，运行mail 和mailx，实际上都是一个命令，而mail版本不同，导致了RHEL5下mail命令无法调用外部SMTP服务器。

安装mailx新版本可解决此问题。

mailx官方站点 http://heirloom.sourceforge.net/

下载最新版本mailx-12.4.tar.bz2 (271.5 kB)    http://sourceforge.net/projects/heirloom/files/latest/download?source=files

解压、安装。下载的压缩包里有安装说明（见INSTALL 文件）。默认安装是make ; make install

同时安装说明也说了，如果make install 出错，则换为 make install UCBINSTALL=/usr/bin/install命令试试。

命令：

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1. # tar jxvf mailx-12.4.tar.bz2  
2. # cd mailx-12.4  
3. # make  
4. # make install UCBINSTALL=/usr/bin/install  

# tar jxvf mailx-12.4.tar.bz2# cd mailx-12.4# make# make install UCBINSTALL=/usr/bin/install

我在make install很长时间没有反应，只有Ctrl + C 中断了，输入make install UCBINSTALL=/usr/bin/install 则可以成功安装

查看mailx程序默认安装位置、及版本

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1. # whereis mailx  
2. mailx: /usr/local/bin/mailx /usr/share/man/man1p/mailx.1p.gz  
3. # mailx -V  
4. 12.4 7/29/08  

# whereis mailxmailx: /usr/local/bin/mailx /usr/share/man/man1p/mailx.1p.gz# mailx -V12.4 7/29/08

安装后的mailx使用的是 /etc/nail.rc 配置，不是 /etc/mail.rc 这个需要注意下。
用mailx命令测试发送邮件

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1. # echo hello word | mailx -v -s "demo title" [e-mail]  

# echo hello word | mailx -v -s "demo title" [e-mail]

成功发送的话，就可以看到类似的提示

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1. 235 2.7.0 Authentication successful  
2. >>> MAIL FROM:<[e-mail]>  
3. 250 2.1.0 Ok  
4. >>> RCPT TO:<[e-mail]>  
5. 250 2.1.5 Ok  
6. >>> DATA  
7. 354 End data with <CR><LF>.<CR><LF>  
8. >>> .  
9. 250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as 9291963494  
10. >>> QUIT  
11. 221 2.0.0 Bye  

二、Linux5中使用mailx利用SMTP发送邮件

from:http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4d22b97201019yav.html

 

Linux5中使用mailx利用SMTP发送邮件

 

 

Linux中mail/mailx默认使用sendmail发送邮件,我们可以关闭sendmail让其使用外部SMTP发送mail。

 

由于Linux 5级以下的版本默认使用sendmail发送mail,关闭sendmail之后将无法发送mail，而Linux 6却可以，他们主要区别是使用mailx的版本不一样.Linux 6使用mailx 版本mailx-12.4-6.el6.x86_64而Linux 5使用mailx版本mailx-8.1.1-44.2.2 。

 

故为了让linux 5在关闭sendmail的情况下，使用外部SMTP发送mail，需要在Linux5上安装mailx-12.4-6.el6.x86_64.

 

下载mailx-12.4-6.el6.x86_64

mailx官方站点 http://heirloom.sourceforge.net/

下载最新版本mailx-12.4.tar.bz2 (271.5 kB) http://sourceforge.net/projects/heirloom/files/latest/download?source=files

 

 

安装mailx-12.4-6.el6.x86_64

 

[root@zabbix opt]# tar -jxvf mailx-12.4.tar.bz2

[root@zabbix opt]# cd mailx-12.4

[root@zabbix opt]# make

[root@zabbix opt]# make install UCBINSTALL=/usr/bin/install

 

配置mailx-12.4-6.el6.x86_64(以QQ SMTP为例)

[root@zabbix etc]# pwd

/etc

[root@zabbix etc]# cat /etc/nail.rc

# This is the configuration file for Heirloom mailx (formerly

# known under the name "nail".

# See mailx(1) for further options.

# This file is not overwritten when 'make install' is run in

# the mailx build process again.

#set from=[e-mail] smtp=mail.qiye.163.com

#set smtp-auth-user=zabbix smtp-auth-password=zabbix123 smtp-auth=login

set from=[e-mail] smtp=smtp.qq.com

set smtp-auth-user=1141680682 smtp-auth-password=xxxxxx smtp-auth=login

# Sccsid @(#)nail.rc    2.10 (gritter) 3/4/06

 

# Do not forward to mbox by default since this is likely to be

# irritating for most users today.

set hold

 

# Append rather than prepend when writing to mbox automatically.

# This has no effect unless 'hold' is unset again.

set append

 

# Ask for a message subject.

set ask

 

# Assume a CRT-like terminal and invoke a pager.

set crt

 

# Messages may be terminated by a dot.

set dot

 

# Do not remove empty mail folders in the spool directory.

# This may be relevant for privacy since other users could

# otherwise create them with different permissions.

set keep

 

# Do not remove empty private mail folders.

set emptybox

 

# Quote the original message in replies by "> " as usual on the Internet.

set indentprefix="> "

 

# Automatically quote the text of the message that is responded to.

set quote

 

# Outgoing messages are sent in ISO-8859-1 if all their characters are

# representable in it, otherwise in UTF-8.

set sendcharsets=iso-8859-1,utf-8

 

# Display sender's real names in header summaries.

set showname

 

# Display the recipients of messages sent by the user himself in

# header summaries.

set showto

 

# Automatically check for new messages at each prompt, but avoid polling

# of IMAP servers or maildir folders.

set newmail=nopoll

 

# If threaded mode is activated, automatically collapse thread.

set autocollapse

 

# Hide some header fields which are uninteresting for most human readers.

ignore received in-reply-to message-id references

ignore mime-version content-transfer-encoding

 

# Only include selected header fields when forwarding messages.

fwdretain subject date from to

[root@zabbix etc]#

 

测试mailx-12.4-6.el6.x86_64

[root@zabbix etc]# echo hello world |mailx -s "test10" [e-mail]

[root@zabbix etc]# could not connect: Connection refused

"/root/dead.letter" 11/296

. . . message not sent.

 

出现以上Error，由于发送邮件是我的QQ邮箱，在外的QQ邮箱发现如下一份mail：

尊敬的QQ邮箱用户：

我们发现您尝试设置SMTP服务，但设置未成功。 您可以检查以下的细节来解决：

1.    您是否在邮箱中开启了这项服务，如果尚未开启，请您在【邮箱设置】的【帐号】中开启相关服务。

2.    您是否设置了邮箱独立密码，如果您设置了独立密码，在客户端设置时，密码输入项需填写邮箱独立密码。

其他可能对您有用的帮助信息：
POP3/SMTP服务设置帮助

于是，查看QQ邮箱的SMTP设置，果然SMTP服务没有开启，开启后继续测试：

[root@zabbix etc]# echo hello word | mailx -v -s "demo title" [e-mail]

Resolving host smtp.qq.com . . . done.

Connecting to 112.90.138.97 . . . connected.

220 smtp.qq.com Esmtp QQ Mail Server

>>> EHLO zabbix

250-smtp.qq.com

250-PIPELINING

250-SIZE 52428800

250-AUTH LOGIN PLAIN

250-AUTH=LOGIN

250-MAILCOMPRESS

250 8BITMIME

>>> AUTH LOGIN

334 VXNlcm5hbWU6

>>> MTE0MTY4MDY4Mg==

334 UGFzc3dvcmQ6

>>> MTIzNDU2Nzg5

235 Authentication successful

>>> MAIL FROM:<[e-mail]>

250 Ok

>>> RCPT TO:<[e-mail]>

250 Ok

>>> DATA

354 End data with <CR><LF>.<CR><LF>

>>> .

250 Ok: queued as

>>> QUIT

221 Bye

 

看起来发送成功了，但是此时QQ邮箱又收到如下mail：

尊敬的用户，您好！

很遗憾，您的邮件“demo title[c]hello word”未能成功发出。

原因是 您的邮件包含不合适的内容，请修改重试。

温馨提醒：未发送成功的邮件会保存在“草稿箱”中，建议登录网页邮箱尝试发送。
点击登录网页邮箱

腾讯邮箱运营团队

 

邮件的意思是邮件的内容包含不合适的内容，于是更换邮件内容：

[root@zabbix etc]# mailx -s "test" [e-mail] </etc/mail.rc

[root@zabbix etc]# mailx -s "test2" [e-mail] < /etc/mail.rc

 

 

终于，在我的[e-mail]/[e-mail]收到以上发送信息。

 

 

至此，整个配置结束。

 

三、本人测试过程：

1.upgrade mailx:

下载mailx-12.4-6.el6.x86_64

mailx官方站点 http://heirloom.sourceforge.net/

下载最新版本mailx-12.4.tar.bz2 (271.5 kB) http://sourceforge.net/projects/heirloom/files/latest/download?source=files

 

# tar jxvf mailx-12.4.tar.bz2 
# cd mailx-12.4 
# make 
# make install UCBINSTALL=/usr/bin/install 

2./etc/resolv.conf文件增加name server：

[root@oralin5 etc]# cat /etc/resolv.conf
#search localdomain
nameserver 8.8.8.8

 

3.配置/etc/nail.rc文件：

 

[root@oralin5 etc]# cat /etc/nail.rc

# This is the configuration file for Heirloom mailx (formerly
# known under the name "nail".
# See mailx(1) for further options.
# This file is not overwritten when 'make install' is run in
# the mailx build process again.

# Sccsid @(#)nail.rc    2.10 (gritter) 3/4/06

# Do not forward to mbox by default since this is likely to be
# irritating for most users today.
set from=[e-mail] smtp=smtp.163.com
set smtp-auth-user=testmail smtp-auth-password=testmail123 smtp-auth=login

set hold

# Append rather than prepend when writing to mbox automatically.
# This has no effect unless 'hold' is unset again.
set append

# Ask for a message subject.
set ask

# Assume a CRT-like terminal and invoke a pager.
set crt

# Messages may be terminated by a dot.
set dot

# Do not remove empty mail folders in the spool directory.
# This may be relevant for privacy since other users could
# otherwise create them with different permissions.
set keep

# Do not remove empty private mail folders.
set emptybox

# Quote the original message in replies by "> " as usual on the Internet.
set indentprefix="> "

# Automatically quote the text of the message that is responded to.
set quote

# Outgoing messages are sent in ISO-8859-1 if all their characters are
# representable in it, otherwise in UTF-8.
set sendcharsets=iso-8859-1,utf-8

# Display sender's real names in header summaries.
set showname

# Display the recipients of messages sent by the user himself in
# header summaries.
set showto

# Automatically check for new messages at each prompt, but avoid polling
# of IMAP servers or maildir folders.
set newmail=nopoll

# If threaded mode is activated, automatically collapse thread.
set autocollapse

# Hide some header fields which are uninteresting for most human readers.
ignore received in-reply-to message-id references
ignore mime-version content-transfer-encoding

# Only include selected header fields when forwarding messages.
fwdretain subject date from to

[root@oralin5 etc]#

只需要增加如下两行红色配置即可：

set from=[e-mail] smtp=smtp.163.com
set smtp-auth-user=testmail smtp-auth-password=testmail123 smtp-auth=login

 

4.测试mailx发送邮件情况：

echo hello world|mailx -s 'test' [e-mail]

 

5.成功接收邮件！

 

另外一篇参考：

LINUX下的mail\mailx为什么无法使用外部SMTP发邮件：

http://www.dedecms.com/knowledge/servers/linux-bsd/2012/0823/13194.html