Android自定义控件以及控件属性的自定义

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自定义控件在android中无处不见，自定义控件给了我们很大的方便。比如说，一个视图为imageview ，imagebutton ,textview 等诸多控件的组合，用的地方有很多，我们不可能每次都来写3个的组合，既浪费时间，效率又低。在这种情况下，我们就可以自定义一个view来替换他们，不仅提升了效率并且在xml中运用也是相当的美观。

一、控件自定义属性介绍

以下示例中代码均在values/attrs.xml 中定义，属性均可随意命名。

1. reference：参考某一资源ID。

示例：

            <declare-styleable name = "名称">                   <attr name = "background" format = "reference" />                   <attr name = "src" format = "reference" />            </declare-styleable>

2. color：颜色值。
示例：

            <declare-styleable name = "名称">                   <attr name = "textColor" format = "color" />            </declare-styleable>

3. boolean：布尔值。
示例：

            <declare-styleable name = "名称">                   <attr name = "focusable" format = "boolean" />            </declare-styleable>

4. dimension：尺寸值。
示例：

            <declare-styleable name = "名称">                   <attr name = "layout_width" format = "dimension" />            </declare-styleable>

5. float：浮点值。
示例：

            <declare-styleable name = "名称">                   <attr name = "fromAlpha" format = "float" />                   <attr name = "toAlpha" format = "float" />            </declare-styleable>

6. integer：整型值。
示例：

            <declare-styleable name = "名称">                   <attr name = "frameDuration" format="integer" />                   <attr name = "framesCount" format="integer" />            </declare-styleable>

7. string：字符串。
示例：

            <declare-styleable name = "名称">                   <attr name = "text" format = "string" />            </declare-styleable>

8. fraction：百分数。
示例：

            <declare-styleable name="名称">                   <attr name = "pivotX" format = "fraction" />                   <attr name = "pivotY" format = "fraction" />            </declare-styleable>

9. enum：枚举值。
示例：

            <declare-styleable name="名称">                   <attr name="orientation">                          <enum name="horizontal" value="0" />                          <enum name="vertical" value="1" />                   </attr>                       </declare-styleable>

10. flag：位或运算。

示例：

             <declare-styleable name="名称">                    <attr name="windowSoftInputMode">                            <flag name = "stateUnspecified" value = "0" />                            <flag name = "stateUnchanged" value = "1" />                            <flag name = "stateHidden" value = "2" />                            <flag name = "stateAlwaysHidden" value = "3" />                     </attr>                     </declare-styleable>

11.多类型。
示例：

            <declare-styleable name = "名称">                   <attr name = "background" format = "reference|color" />            </declare-styleable>

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二、属性的使用以及自定义控件的实现

1、构思控件的组成元素，思考所需自定义的属性。

比如：我要做一个 <带阴影的按钮，按钮正下方有文字说明>（类似9宫格按钮）

新建values/attrs.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><resources>    <declare-styleable name="custom_view">        <attr name="custom_id" format="integer" />        <attr name="src" format="reference" />        <attr name="background" format="reference" />        <attr name="text" format="string" />        <attr name="textColor" format="color" />        <attr name="textSize" format="dimension" />    </declare-styleable></resources>

以上，所定义为custom_view，custom_id为按钮id，src为按钮，background为阴影背景，text为按钮说明，textColor为字体颜色，textSize为字体大小。

2、怎么自定义控件呢，怎么使用这些属性呢？话不多说请看代码，CustomView ：

package com.nanlus.custom;import com.nanlus.custom.R;import android.content.Context;import android.content.res.TypedArray;import android.graphics.Color;import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;import android.util.AttributeSet;import android.view.Gravity;import android.view.View;import android.view.View.OnClickListener;import android.widget.FrameLayout;import android.widget.ImageButton;import android.widget.ImageView;import android.widget.TextView;public class CustomView extends FrameLayout implements OnClickListener {private CustomListener customListener = null;private Drawable mSrc = null, mBackground = null;private String mText = "";private int mTextColor = 0;private float mTextSize = 20;private int mCustomId = 0;private ImageView mBackgroundView = null;private ImageButton mButtonView = null;private TextView mTextView = null;private LayoutParams mParams = null;public CustomView(Context context) {super(context);}public CustomView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {super(context, attrs);TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs,R.styleable.custom_view);mSrc = a.getDrawable(R.styleable.custom_view_src);mBackground = a.getDrawable(R.styleable.custom_view_background);mText = a.getString(R.styleable.custom_view_text);mTextColor = a.getColor(R.styleable.custom_view_textColor,Color.WHITE);mTextSize = a.getDimension(R.styleable.custom_view_textSize, 20);mCustomId = a.getInt(R.styleable.custom_view_custom_id, 0);mTextView = new TextView(context);mTextView.setTextSize(mTextSize);mTextView.setTextColor(mTextColor);mTextView.setText(mText);mTextView.setGravity(Gravity.CENTER);mTextView.setLayoutParams(new LayoutParams(LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT,LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT));mButtonView = new ImageButton(context);mButtonView.setImageDrawable(mSrc);mButtonView.setBackgroundDrawable(null);mButtonView.setLayoutParams(new LayoutParams(LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT,LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT));mButtonView.setOnClickListener(this);mBackgroundView = new ImageView(context);mBackgroundView.setImageDrawable(mBackground);mBackgroundView.setLayoutParams(new LayoutParams(LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT, LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT));addView(mBackgroundView);addView(mButtonView);addView(mTextView);this.setOnClickListener(this);a.recycle();}@Overrideprotected void onAttachedToWindow() {super.onAttachedToWindow();mParams = (LayoutParams) mButtonView.getLayoutParams();if (mParams != null) {mParams.gravity = Gravity.CENTER_HORIZONTAL | Gravity.TOP;mButtonView.setLayoutParams(mParams);}mParams = (LayoutParams) mBackgroundView.getLayoutParams();if (mParams != null) {mParams.gravity = Gravity.CENTER_HORIZONTAL | Gravity.TOP;mBackgroundView.setLayoutParams(mParams);}mParams = (LayoutParams) mTextView.getLayoutParams();if (mParams != null) {mParams.gravity = Gravity.CENTER_HORIZONTAL | Gravity.BOTTOM;mTextView.setLayoutParams(mParams);}}public void setCustomListener(CustomListener l) {customListener = l;}@Overridepublic void onClick(View v) {if (customListener != null) {customListener.onCuscomClick(v, mCustomId);}}public interface CustomListener {void onCuscomClick(View v, int custom_id);}}

代码很简单，就不多说，下面来看看我们的CustomView是怎么用的，请看：

3、自定义控件的使用

话不多说，请看代码，main.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"    xmlns:nanlus="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.nanlus.custom"    android:layout_width="fill_parent"    android:layout_height="fill_parent" >    <LinearLayout        android:layout_width="wrap_content"        android:layout_height="wrap_content"        android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"         android:layout_centerVertical="true"        android:orientation="horizontal" >        <com.nanlus.custom.CustomView            android:id="@+id/custom1"            android:layout_width="wrap_content"            android:layout_height="wrap_content"            android:layout_weight="1"            nanlus:background="@drawable/background"            nanlus:custom_id="1"            nanlus:src="@drawable/style_button"            nanlus:text="按钮1" >        </com.nanlus.custom.CustomView>    </LinearLayout></RelativeLayout>

在这里需要解释一下，

xmlns:nanlus="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.nanlus.custom"
nanlus为在xml中的前缀，com.nanlus.custom为包名

4、在Activity中，直接上代码

package com.nanlus.custom;import android.os.Bundle;import android.view.View;import android.widget.ImageButton;import android.widget.ImageView;import android.widget.TextView;import android.widget.Toast;import com.nanlus.BaseActivity;import com.nanlus.custom.R;import com.nanlus.custom.CustomView.CustomListener;public class CustomActivity extends BaseActivity implements CustomListener {@Overrideprotected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);setContentView(R.layout.main);((CustomView) this.findViewById(R.id.custom1)).setCustomListener(this);}@Overridepublic void onCuscomClick(View v, int custom_id) {switch (custom_id) {case 1:Toast.makeText(this, "hello !!!", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();break;default:break;}}}

至此，自定义控件属性以及运用讲解完毕，谢谢大家。本文链接：http://blog.csdn.net/nanlus/article/details/8219868