Unable to load configuration. - [unknown location]

严重: Exception starting filter struts2
Unable to load configuration. - [unknown location]
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init(Dispatcher.java:428)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.InitOperations.initDispatcher(InitOperations.java:69)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.init(StrutsPrepa
reAndExecuteFilter.java:51)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.initFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.ja
va:273)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.getFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.jav
a:254)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.setFilterDef(ApplicationFilterConfig.
java:372)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.<init>(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:9
8)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.filterStart(StandardContext.java:4584)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext$2.call(StandardContext.java:5262)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext$2.call(StandardContext.java:5257)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask$Sync.innerRun(FutureTask.java:303)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:138)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.runTask(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:886)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:908)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:619)
Caused by: Unable to load configuration. - [unknown location]
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(ConfigurationMana
ger.java:69)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init_PreloadConfiguration(Dispatcher.java:371
)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init(Dispatcher.java:415)
... 14 more
Caused by: Cannot locate the chosen ObjectFactory implementation: spring - [unknown locati
on]
at org.apache.struts2.config.BeanSelectionProvider.alias(BeanSelectionProvider.java:293)
at org.apache.struts2.config.BeanSelectionProvider.alias(BeanSelectionProvider.java:264)
at org.apache.struts2.config.BeanSelectionProvider.register(BeanSelectionProvider.java:20
2)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.impl.DefaultConfiguration.reloadContainer(DefaultConfig
uration.java:180)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(ConfigurationMana
ger.java:66)

... 16 more

1.只有struts框架

<package name="a"  extends="struts-default">
<action name="login" class="LoginAction">
<result name="error">
/failed.jsp
</result>
</action>
</package>

2.在struts框架上整合spring且struts上测试通过，spring失败

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="3.0" 
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" 
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee 
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd">
 <listener>
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
  </listener>
  <context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
  </context-param>
  <display-name></display-name>
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
  <filter>
  <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
  <filter-class>
  org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter
  </filter-class>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
  <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
  <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping></web-app>

是否导入

struts2-spring-plugin-2.2.3.1.jar

有些需要

?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.1//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.1.dtd">
<struts>
<constant name="struts.objectFactory" value="spring" />
<package name="a"  extends="struts-default">
<action name="login" class="LoginAction">
<result name="error">
/failed.jsp
</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>