C语言基础_上课代码

2010年=================================================================================03251、类和函数名以大写字母开头，按照匈牙利命名法命名2、变量名以小写字母开头，按照匈牙利命名法命名3、有从属关系的语句，遵守缩进规则，即一个tab，占用4格空格位4、花括号本身不要缩进5、左花括号右边置空，不要再跟语句6、右花括号单独列在一行Ctrl+Tab   子窗口之间进行切换Alt+Tab    在应用程序之间进行切换Ctrl+Home   定位到文档头Ctrl+End   定位到文档尾Home    定位到行首End     定位到行尾PageUp    向上翻页PageDown   向下翻页Ctrl+g num   定位到第num行Ctrl+箭头   单词间跳动Ctrl+Shift+箭头   选中一个单词Shift+Home   选中到行首Shift+End   选中到行尾???????????????   存盘Ctrl+f    查找Ctrl+h    替换Tab     缩进Shift+Tab   向左缩进=================================================================================0326a//理解编译链接原理#include "stdafx.h"void MyPrintf(char *a);int main(int argc, char* argv[]){ MyPrintf("zhang"); return 0;}b// 03026b.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.//编译调试与重复包涵#include "stdafx.h"#include "0306b.h"#include "0306b.h"#include "0306b.h"int main(int argc, char* argv[]){ //printf("Hello World!\n"); int num,x,y; int i=0; scanf("%d",&i); printf("%d",i); printf("输入两个数:"); scanf("%d,%d",&x,&y); num=add(x,y); printf("%d",num); return 0;}int add(int x,int y){ return x+y;}// 03026b.hint add(int x,int y); c#include <stdio.h>//格式化输出#define HH 111int main(int argv,char *args[]){ int i=123; float f=4.123f; double d=3.14; char c='a'; printf("%d\t",i); printf("%f\t",f); printf("%d",d); printf("%0.2f\t",f); printf("%8f\t",f); printf("%x\t",c); printf("%u\n",c);#ifdef __DEBUG__ printf("DEBUG is on\t");#else printf("DEBUG is off\t");#endif   printf("%d\t",HH);   printf("%s\t",__FILE__);  // printf("%s\t",__cplusplus);    return 0;} d// 03026d.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.//查看内存存储原理#include "stdafx.h"int main(int argc, char* argv[]){ int i; char c;/* i=0x80; c=i; printf("%x\n",c); */ c=0x40; i=c; i=0x40; printf("%x\n",i);  return 0;}//fun.c#include "stdio.h"int fun(){ return 0;}//fun.h#ifndef _XX_#define _XX_int fun();#endif=================================================================================0330a// 0330a.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.//查看内存和彷汇编代码#include "stdafx.h"int main(int argc, char* argv[]){ int i; int *pi; pi=&i; i=1; *pi=2; return 0;}b// 0330b.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.//指针变量强制存放整行变量#include "stdafx.h"int main(int argc, char* argv[]){ int i=0xaabbccdd; int j; char *pch; pch=(char*)i; j=(int)pch; printf("j:%x",j); return 0;}c// 0330c.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.//整形指针变量指向字符变量#include "stdafx.h"int main(int argc, char* argv[]){ char ch; int *pi; char*pch; pi=(int*)&ch; pch=(char*)pi; *pch='a'; return 0;}d// 0330d.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.//内存访问越界问题（整形指针变量访问字符变量）//系统不报错并不代表没有错误#include "stdafx.h"int main(int argc, char* argv[]){ char ch; int *pi; pi=(int*)&ch; *pi='a';//整形变量的其它位被0填充  61 00 00 00 C0  a.... return 0;}f// 0330f.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.//void指针与特定内存指针的区别// 可以指向任意类型变量#include "stdafx.h"int main(int argc, char* argv[]){ char ch='a'; void *p=&ch; //*p='b';//不能表示内存单元，作用于中间结果 char *pch; pch=(char*)p; *pch='b';  return 0;}g// 0330g.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.//空指针NULL#include "stdafx.h"int main(int argc, char* argv[]){ int *pi; //*pi=3;//未初始化指针报错 int *pj=NULL; //*pj=5;//空指针不允许访问 int *pk=NULL; pk=(int*)0x23435588; //危险指定内存地址 *pk=123; return 0;}h// 0330h.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.//指针的传递#include "stdafx.h"void Func(int *pi){ //pi=NULL; int j=7; pi=&j;}int main(int argc, char* argv[]){ int i; int *pi=&i; /*printf("%p\n",pi); Func(pi); printf("%p\n",pi);*/ printf("%p\n",pi); Func(pi); printf("%p\n",pi); return 0;}i// 0330i.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.//指针的移动#include "stdafx.h"int main(int argc, char* argv[]){ int n;/* int *pi1=(int*)0x0012ff60;  int *pi2=(int*)0x0012ff70; n=pi2-pi1; printf("%d",n);*/ char *pi1=(char*)0x0012ff60;  char*pi2=(char*)0x0012ff70; n=pi2-pi1; printf("%d",n); char *p1=(char*)32;  char*p2=(char*)23; n=p2-p1; printf("%d",n);/* void*pi1=(void*)0x0012ff60;  void *pi2=(void*)0x0012ff70; n=pi2-pi1; printf("%d",n);*/ return 0;}o// 0330o.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.//数组编译时确定大小#include "stdafx.h"int main(int argc, char* argv[]){ //int array[];不允许 const int iCount = 4; int *pi =(int*)&iCount; *pi=5; printf("%d",*pi); int array[iCount]={0};//编译时已经确定为4 array数组 return 0;}p// p.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.//数组转换和使用#include "stdafx.h"void Func(int array[]){ //数组作为型参实际是当指针使用 int i=sizeof(array);//4 *array++=60;}int main(int argc, char* argv[]){ int array[4] = {0};//数组初始化为0 /* int *pi; pi = array; *(pi+2) = 2; pi[3] = 3;//指针当数组使用 *array = 9;//数组当指针使用 *(array+2) = 10;//移动 sizeof(array);//??? sizeof(pi);//?? *pi++=50; //*array++=60;  错误 */ Func(array); return 0;}x// 0330x.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.//实现aabbccdd--ddccbbaa倒序#include "stdafx.h"/*int ByteReverse(int num)//自己倒序{ char *res=(char*)&num; char temp; temp=*res; *res=*(res+3); *(res+3)=temp; temp=*(res+1); *(res+1)=*(res+2); *(res+2)=temp; return num;}*///借助中间变量int ByteReverse(int num){ int ret; char *rsu=(char*)&num; char *set=(char*)&ret; for(int i=0;i<4;i++)  //*(set+i)=*(rsu+3-i);     set[i] = rsu[3-i];//字符数组当指针 return ret;}int main(int argc, char* argv[]){ int j,k; scanf("%x",&j); k=ByteReverse(j); printf("%x\n",k); return 0;} =================================================================================    0329a// 0329a.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.//#include "stdafx.h"int main(int argc, char* argv[]){  /*unsigned int i=1;  int j=-5;  //if(i&&j)  if(i+j>0)   printf("ok");//is ok  else   printf("no");*/    /*int i=0; if(i=1)  printf("ok"); else  printf("no");*/  /*int i=5; i|=1<<15;//32位第15位置位1 i&=~(1<<19);//32位19位置为0 printf("%x",i);*/  return 0;} b// 0329b.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.//#include "stdafx.h"int main(int argc, char* argv[]){ int sum=0; int i=2;  for(;i<=100;i+=2) {  sum+=i; }     printf("%d\n",sum);  while(i<=100) {  sum+=i;  i+=2; } printf("%d\n",sum); do{   sum+=i;   i+=2; }while(i<=100); printf("%d\n",sum); return 0;} c// 03029c.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.//递归函数#include "stdafx.h"int add(int i){ if(i<100)  return i+add(i+2); else  return i;}int add2(int i){ if(i>2)  return i+add2(i-2); else  return i;}int main(int argc, char* argv[]){ int sum=0; sum=add(2); printf("%d\n",sum); int sum2=0; sum2=add2(100); printf("%d\n",sum2); return 0;} d// 03029d.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.//#include "stdafx.h"int func(int i){ if(i<100)  return i*i+func(i+2); else   return i*i;}int func2(int i){ if(i>2)  return i*i+func2(i-2); else   return i*i;}int main(int argc, char* argv[]){ int sum=0; sum=func(2); printf("%d\n",sum); int sum2=0; sum2=func2(100); printf("%d\n",sum2); return 0;}e// 03029e.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.//可变参数传值#include "stdafx.h"#include <stdarg.h>void Myprint(int i,...){ int j; char *str=NULL; va_list ls;//定义 va_start(ls,i);//初始化 j=va_arg(ls,int);//取值 j=va_arg(ls,int); j=va_arg(ls,int); str=va_arg(ls,char*); str=va_arg(ls,char*); va_end(ls);//结束 printf("%d",j);}/*void Myprint(char fmt,...){ int j; char *str=NULL; va_list ls; va_start(ls,fmt); while(fmt里面还有格式化字符) {  if(格式化字符是%d)   j=va_arg(ls,int);  else if(格式化字符是%c)   j=va_arg(ls,int);  else if(格式化是%s)  {   str=va_arg(ls,char*);  } }    va_end(ls);}*/int main(int argc, char* argv[]){ Myprint(1,2,3,"abc","hello"); return 0;} f// 0329f.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.//#include "stdafx.h"#include <stdarg.h>int Min(int i,...){ int j,arg,min; va_list ls;//定义 va_start(ls,i);//初始化 min=va_arg(ls,int); //printf("%d\n",min); for(j=1;j<i;j++) {  arg=va_arg(ls,int);  if(arg<min)   min=arg; } va_end(ls); return min;}int main(int argc, char* argv[]){ int iMin; iMin=Min(5,33,45,16,60,9); printf("%d\n",iMin); return 0;} =================================================================================0331a// 0331a.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.//4p#include "stdafx.h"#include <stdlib.h>void Func(){ /* char *pch=(char *)malloc(1); int *pi= (int *)malloc(4); int *pj= (int *)malloc(40*1024*1024); */ char *pch1=NULL; free(pch1); //free(pch1);//不能重复释放 char *pch2; free(pch2);//不能释放站空间 call tack 查看 /*char ch; char *pch3=&ch; free(pch3); */ char *pch4=(char*)malloc(0); //char *pch4=(char*)malloc(size); free(pch4); char *pch=(char *)malloc(1); *pch='a'; *pch=0xa; printf("%x/n",*pch); free(pch); if(pch==NULL){  puts("free success"); }else{  puts("free error"); }}int main(int argc, char* argv[]){ Func(); return 0;} b// 0331b.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.//#include "stdafx.h"#include <stdlib.h>void Func(){ int i,iSize=3; char *pch=(char*)malloc(iSize); for(i=0;i<iSize;i++)  pch[i]='a'+i; //*pch++'a'+i;//不能释放 *(pch+0)='a'; *(pch+1)='b'; *(pch+2)='c'; pch[0]='a'; pch[1]='b'; pch[2]='c'; free(pch);}int main(int argc, char* argv[]){ Func(); return 0;} c// 0331c.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.//a7#include "stdafx.h"#include <stdlib.h>#include <string.h>void Func(){ const int COUNT=8; int i; char *pch=(char*)malloc(COUNT);//int...COUNT*4 char *pch2=(char*)malloc(COUNT);  for(i=0;i<COUNT;i++)  pch[i]='a'+i; memset(pch,0,COUNT);//...COUNT*4   初始化元素位0 memcpy(pch2,pch,COUNT);//把pch里的值拷贝到pch2 free(pch2); free(pch);}int main(int argc, char* argv[]){ Func(); return 0;} d// 0331d.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.//扩充分配大小//pch,8查看全部数组(pch[0,pch[1]...])#include "stdafx.h"#include <stdlib.h> void Func(){ int i; char *pch=(char*)malloc(3); for(i=0;i<3;i++)  pch[i]='a'+i; pch=(char*)realloc(pch,8);//扩充函数 for(i=3;i<8;i++)  pch[i]='a'+i; free(pch);}int main(int argc, char* argv[]){ Func(); return 0;}e// 0331e.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.//函数外部分配，内部使用#include "stdafx.h"#include <stdlib.h>void Func(char *pch,int iCount){ int i; for(i=0;i<iCount;i++)  pch[i]='a'+i;}int main(int argc, char* argv[]){ char *pch=(char*)malloc(8); Func(pch,8); free(pch); return 0;} f// 0331f.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.//函数内部分配，外部使用#include "stdafx.h"#include <stdlib.h>void Func(char *pch){ pch=(char*)malloc(8);//内存泄露}int main(int argc, char* argv[]){ char *pch=NULL;  int i; Func(pch); for(i=0;i<8;i++)  pch[i]='a'+i;// 报错 free(pch); return 0;} g// 0331g.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.//函数分配空间，返回指针#include "stdafx.h"#include <stdlib.h>char *Func(){ char *pch=(char*)malloc(8); return pch;}int main(int argc, char* argv[]){ char *pch=NULL; int i; pch=Func(); for(i=0;i<8;i++)  pch[i]='a'+i; free(pch); return 0;} j// 0331j.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.//二级指针#include "stdafx.h"#include <stdlib.h>int main(int argc, char* argv[]){ /* char **ppch;  ppch=(char**)malloc(4); *ppch=(char*)malloc(1); **ppch='a'; free(*ppch); free(ppch); */ char **ppch; char *array[4];//数组指针 ppch=array; //array[1]=(char*)malloc(1); //*array[1]='a'; //*(ppch+1)=(char*)malloc(1); ppch[1]=(char*)malloc(1); *ppch[1]='b';  free(*(ppch+1)); //free(ppch[1]); //free(ppch); //free(ppch+1); //free(*ppch[1]); return 0;} k#include "stdafx.h"#include <stdlib.h>int main(int argc, char* argv[]){ return 0;}l// 0331l.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.//#include "stdafx.h"void Func(char **ppch){ //@ *ppch=NULL;//错误试图访问不存在的值 //  ppch=NULL; //ppch=NULL; *ppch=NULL;}int main(int argc, char* argv[]){ //@char **ch; // Func(ch); char *pch; Func(&pch); return 0;} m// 0331m.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.//#include "stdafx.h"#include <stdlib.h>#include <string.h>void Func(char **ppch){ *ppch=(char*)malloc(1);//pch=(char*)malloc(1); **ppch='a';}int main(int argc, char* argv[]){ char *pch; Func(&pch); printf("%c\n",*pch); free(pch); return 0;} x// 0331X.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.//从键盘输入整数存放在字符数组里，打印出来（个数，数值）#include "stdafx.h"#include <stdlib.h>int main(int argc, char* argv[]){ int i,n; printf("输入整数个数: "); scanf("%d",&n); int *pi=(int*)malloc(4*n); printf("输入数值:  "); for(i=0;i<n;i++)  scanf("%d",&pi[i]); printf("打印输入的数值:  "); for(i=0;i<n;i++)  printf("%d  ",pi[i]); return 0;} y// 0331y.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.//#include "stdafx.h"#include <stdlib.h>int main(int argc, char* argv[]){ int **pi; int *ary[2]; pi=ary;  int array1[]={1,2}; int array2[]={3,4}; *pi=(int*)malloc(8); *pi=array1; *(pi+1)=array2;  return 0;}=================================================================================0401a b c// 0401c.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.//函数指针#include "stdafx.h"typedef void *(*FN)(int);//定义数据类型void Func1(){ puts("Func1");}void *Func2(int i){ puts("Func2"); return NULL;}void *Func3(int i){ puts("Func3"); return NULL;}int main(int argc, char* argv[]){ void *p=Func1;//void *p=Func1; 函数指针取地址 Func1(); //不带参函数指针 void (*pfn)()=Func1;//返回void 无参数 Func1(); pfn();//直接跳转到pfn指向的地址 //带参函数指针 void *(*pfn2)(int)=Func2;//返回为void* 带参数 的函数指针 Func2(2); pfn2(4); //定义数据类型，实例化指针  FN pfn3=Func2;//实例化指针  Func2(2);  pfn3(5);  //函数指针的数组  FN pfn4[2];  pfn4[0]=Func2;  pfn4[1]=Func3;  pfn4[0](5);  pfn4[1](6); return 0;}d e// 0401e.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.//字符串：以0结尾的字符数组 (0 是必须的，但数组大小可以为0)#include "stdafx.h"int main(int argc, char* argv[]){ char szBuf1[]="he\nllo"; //不可打印字符的字符串 \n char *pszBuf2="hello";  //指向字符串数组地址 char *pszBuf3=szBuf1; char szBuf4[8]={0}; char szBuf5[8]=""; char *pszBuf6=""; char szBuf7[8]={'a','b','c',0}; char szBuf8[8]={'a','b','c',0,'d','e','f',0}; int i=0x636261; char *pszBuf9=(char*)&i; char *pszBuf10=szBuf1+2; puts(pszBuf9); char *psaBuf11=(char *)malloc(4); psaBuf11="abc";//不会释放 puts(pszBuf11);// char szBuf11[8];// char szBuf12[5]="hello"; return 0;} f// 0401f.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.//strlen #include "stdafx.h"#include <string.h>#include <stdlib.h>int main(int argc, char* argv[]){ int size; char str1[] = "hello world"; char str2[] = ""; size = strlen(str1); printf("%d\n",size);  strcpy(str2,str1); puts(str2); int i = strcmp(str1,str2);//比较字符串大小 printf("\n%d\n",i);/* char *ch = strchr(str1,'e'); int result = ch - str1 + 1; if(ch!=NULL)  printf("%d\n",result); else   puts("no"); char *pch = strstr(str1,"world"); int ret = ch - str1 + 1; if(ch!=NULL)  printf("%d\n",ret); else   puts("no");*/   strcat( str1, " haha " );   printf( "%s\n", str1 ); char *s = "9885 aa";      int k; k = atoi(s); printf( "string: %s\t\tinteger: %d\n", s, k );   char buffer[] = "buffer";   char *newstring;   printf( "%s\n", buffer );   newstring = _strdup( buffer );   printf( "%s\n", newstring );   free( newstring ); return 0;}x// testX.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.//模仿strlen strcmp#include "stdafx.h"size_t Mystrlen(char *pzBuf){ size_t len=0; while(*pzBuf++)  len++;  return len;} char* Mystrcpy(char *strDst,const char* strRes){ char *pszRet=strDst; while(*strDst++=*strRes++)  ; return pszRet;}int main(int argc, char* argv[]){ char str1[]="hello"; int num=Mystrlen(str1); printf("%d\n",num); char str[]=""; Mystrcpy(str,str1); puts(str); return 0;} =================================================================================0402a// 0402a.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.//strcmp 按英文字典，逐个字母比较，区分大小写// strchr atoi#include "stdafx.h"#include <string.h>int main(int argc, char* argv[]){ char szBuf1[]="hello"; char szBuf2[]="Hello"; int n=strcmp(szBuf1,szBuf2); printf("%d\n",n); char *pszBuf; pszBuf=strchr(szBuf1,'e'); if(pszBuf!=NULL)  printf("e是hello里的第%d个字符\n",pszBuf-szBuf1); else  printf("is no char 1"); int i=1234; char szNum[32]; sprintf(szNum,"%d",i);//数字转换为字符串 return 0;} b// 0402b.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.//字符串返回#include "stdafx.h"#include <string.h>void Func(char *pszBuf){ pszBuf="hello";//1 只是拷贝一份地址 /*   pszBuf=(char*)malloc(8);   strcpy(pszBuf,"hello"); */}int main(int argc, char* argv[]){ char *pszBuf; Func(pszBuf); puts(pszBuf); return 0;} c// 0402c.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.//#include "stdafx.h"#include <stdlib.h>#include <string.h>void Func(char **pszBuf){ *pszBuf=(char*)malloc(8); strcpy(*pszBuf,"hello");}int main(int argc, char* argv[]){ char *pszBuf; Func(&pszBuf); puts(pszBuf); free(pszBuf); return 0;} d// 0403d.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.//p05字符串作为返回值#include "stdafx.h"char *Func(){// char szBuf[]="hello";//返回时局部变量释放 static char szBuf[8]; scanf("%7s",szBuf);//建议键盘输入字符限制个数 return szBuf;}int main(int argc, char* argv[]){ char *pszBuf=Func(); printf("%s\n",pszBuf); return 0;} e// 0402e.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.//字符串作为返回值#include "stdafx.h"#include <stdlib.h>#include <string.h>char *Func(){   /*char szBuf[8];   char *pszBuf;   scanf("%7s",szBuf);   pszBuf=(char*)malloc(8);   return strcpy(pszBuf,szBuf);   */   char szBuf[8];   scanf("%7s",szBuf);   return strdup(szBuf);//...}int main(int argc, char* argv[]){ char *pszBuf=Func(); printf("%s\n",pszBuf); free(pszBuf); return 0;} f// 0402f.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.//strtokj分隔符取字符串#include "stdafx.h"#include <string.h>int main(int argc, char* argv[]){ char szBuf[128]; char *pszWord; fgets(szBuf,sizeof(szBuf),stdin); pszWord=strtok(szBuf," ,\n");//可以是分隔符集合 while(pszWord){  puts(pszWord);  pszWord=strtok(NULL," "); } return 0;} x// 0401c.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.//从键盘上输入字符串，创建一个数组指针//指向单个字符串，用函数获取输出#include "stdafx.h"#include <stdlib.h>#include <string.h>void Func(int iWordCount,char *pszWords[]){ int i; for(i=0; i<iWordCount; i++)  printf("word %d:%s\n",i,pszWords[i]);}int main(){ char szBuf[128]; char *pszWord; char **szWords =NULL; int i=0; fgets(szBuf,sizeof(szBuf),stdin); pszWord=strtok(szBuf," \n,"); while(pszWord){  szWords=(char**)realloc(szWords,(i+1)*4);  szWords[i++]=pszWord;    pszWord=strtok(NULL," \n,");  } Func(i,szWords); free(szWords); return 0;} y// 0401c.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.//#include "stdafx.h"#include <stdlib.h>#include <string.h>char *GetWord(char **ppszSrc,const char *pszDelim){ char *pszRet; char *pszHead,*pszTail; pszHead=*ppszSrc; while(*pszHead && strchr(pszDelim,*pszHead))  pszHead++; if(*pszHead == '\0')  return NULL; pszTail=pszHead+1; while(*pszTail && !strchr(pszDelim,*pszTail))  pszTail++; *ppszSrc=pszTail; pszRet=(char *)malloc(pszTail-pszHead+1); memcpy(pszRet,pszHead,pszTail-pszHead);  pszRet[pszTail-pszHead]='\0'; return pszRet;}char **Split(const char *pszSrc,const char *pszDelim){ char **ppszWords=NULL; char *pszWord; int i=1; pszWord=GetWord((char **)&pszSrc,pszDelim); ppszWords=(char **)malloc(4); while(pszWord){  ppszWords=(char **)realloc(ppszWords,++i*4);  ppszWords[i-2]=pszWord;  pszWord=GetWord((char **)&pszSrc,pszDelim); } ppszWords[i-1]=NULL; return ppszWords;}void PrintWords(char *pszWords[]){ int i=0; while(pszWords[i]){  printf("word %d:%s\n",i,pszWords[i]);  i++; }}void FreeWords(char *pszWords[]){ int i=0; while(pszWords[i]){  free(pszWords[i]);  i++; } free(pszWords);}int main(){ char szBuf[128]; char **ppszWords; fgets(szBuf,sizeof(szBuf),stdin); ppszWords=Split(szBuf," \n,"); PrintWords(ppszWords); FreeWords(ppszWords); return 0;} =================================================================================0406a//a.c#include <stdio.h>typedef struct tagINFO{/*1 int i;//内存依次存放 char c; int j;*/ char c1:2;//使用2个比特位 char c2:3; char c3:3; /* unsigned char c1:2; unsigned char c2:3; unsigned char c3:3;*/}INFO,*pINFO;int main(int argc, char* argv[]){/*1 INFO info={1,'a',2};//结构体赋值 info.i=1; info.c='b'; info.j=2;*/  INFO info;  info.c1=2;//-2  info.c2=3;//3  info.c3=4;//-4 return 0;}b// 求结构体的大小 输出#include <stdio.h>#pragma pack(8) //#pragma pack() 设置缺省对齐方式typedef struct tagINFO{  int i; char c;}INFO,*PINFO;int main(int argc, char* argv[]){ INFO info={1,'a'};  PINFO pInfo=&info; printf("sizeof(struct):%d",sizeof(info)); //printf("i:%d,c:%d\n",(*pInfo).c,(*pInfo).c); printf("i:%d,c:%c\n",pInfo->i,pInfo->c); return 0;}c//结构体之间赋值#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <string.h>#pragma pack()typedef struct tagINFO{  int i; char szName[8];}INFO,*PINFO;int main(int argc, char* argv[]){ INFO info={1,"zhang"}; // INFO info2; // info2=info;  PINFO pInfo=(PINFO)malloc(sizeof(INFO)); pInfo->i=2; strcpy(pInfo->szName,"zhang"); *pInfo=info; // memcpy(pInfo,&info,sizeof(info)); free(pInfo);  printf("sizeof(info):%d",sizeof(info));  return 0;}d//内存布局查看 结构体与函数#include <stdio.h>#include <string.h>#include <stdlib.h>typedef struct tagINFO{  int i; char szName[8]; char *pazBuf;}INFO,*PINFO;void Func(PINFO pInfo){ strcpy(pInfo->szName,"sum"); pInfo->pazBuf="zhang";}int main(int argc, char* argv[]){ //INFO info={1,"zhang","abc"}; INFO info; Func(&info);//指针传递‘ printf("%s,%s\n",info.szName,info.pazBuf);  return 0;}e// 0406a.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.//结构体与函数#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <string.h>typedef struct tagINFO{ int i; char szName[8]; char *pszBuf;}INFO,*PINFO;void Func(INFO info){ strcpy(info.szName,"sun"); strcpy(info.pszBuf,"zhao");}int main(){ char chBuf[8]; INFO info; info.pszBuf=chBuf; Func(info); printf("%s,%s\n",info.szName,info.pszBuf);//??? return 0;} x// 0406c.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.//#include <stdio.h>typedef struct tagPerson{ int iId; char szName[16]; char szMajor[16];}Person,*PPerson;void WritePerson(const char *pszFileName){ Person person; FILE *fp=fopen(pszFileName,"wb"); if(fp==NULL){  printf("open file %s failed\n",pszFileName);  return; } while(1){  scanf("%d %s %s",&person.iId,   person.szName,person.szMajor);  if(person.iId<1)//控制台输入无效的ID，就表示结束输入   break;  fwrite(&person,1,sizeof(person),fp); } fclose(fp);}void ReadPerson(const char *pszFileName){ Person person; FILE *fp=fopen(pszFileName,"rb"); if(fp==NULL){  printf("open file %s failed\n",pszFileName);  return; } while(1){  if(fread(&person,sizeof(person),1,fp)!=1)   break;  printf("id:%d,name:%s,major:%s\n",   person.iId,person.szName,person.szMajor); } fclose(fp);}int main(){ //WritePerson("./student.dat"); ReadPerson("./student.dat"); return 0;} =================================================================================0407a// 0407a.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.//结构体包涵结构体#include "stdafx.h"#include "b.h"//使用者置声明使用相关的头文件#include "c.h"int main(int argc, char* argv[]){ struct B b; struct C c; b.j=1; b.a.i=2; c.k=3;// c.pa->i=4;//没有实例化的指针 return 0;}//a.h#ifndef __HA__#define __HA__struct A{ int i;};#endif//b.h #ifndef __HB__#define __HB__#include "a.h"//包涵结构体对象使用头文件struct B{ int j; struct A a;};#endif//c.h  #ifndef __HC__#define __HC__struct A;//包涵结构体指针声明结构体struct C{ int k; struct A *pa;};#endifb// 0407b.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.//单向链表 赋值和动态分配内存#include "stdafx.h"#include <stdlib.h>struct Node{ int iData; struct Node *pNext;};void Func(struct Node * pHead){ int i=1; while(pHead) {  pHead->iData=i++;  pHead=pHead->pNext; }}void Free(struct Node * pHead){ struct Node * pDelete; while(pHead) {  pDelete=pHead;  pHead=pHead->pNext;  free(pDelete); }}int main(int argc, char* argv[]){/* struct Node *pHead,node,node2,node3; pHead=&node; node.pNext=&node2; node2.pNext=&node3; node3.pNext=NULL; Func(pHead);*/ Node *pHead; pHead=(struct Node *)malloc(sizeof(struct Node)); pHead->pNext=(struct Node *)malloc(sizeof(struct Node)); pHead->pNext->pNext=(struct Node *)malloc(sizeof(struct Node)); pHead->pNext->pNext->pNext=(struct Node *)malloc(sizeof(struct Node)); pHead->pNext->pNext->pNext=NULL; Free(pHead); return 0;}x// 0407b.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.//链表实现学生信息储存#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <string.h>typedef struct tagPerson{ int iId; char szName[16]; char szMajor[16]; struct *pNext;}Person,*PPerson;PPerson GetPerson(){ PPerson pPerson=(PPerson)malloc(sizeof(Person)); scanf("%d %s %s",&pPerson->iId,   pPerson->szName,pPerson->szMajor); if(pPerson->iId<1){  free(pPerson);  return NULL; } return pPerson;}PPerson GetPersonList(){ PPerson pNode,pHead=NULL; while(pNode=GetPerson()){  pNode->pNext=pHead;  pHead=pNode; } return pHead;}void FreePersonList(PPerson pNode){ PPerson pDelete; while(pNode != NULL){  pDelete=pNode;  pNode=pNode->pNext;  free(pDelete); }}int main(){ PPerson pHead=GetPersonList();  FreePersonList(pHead); return 0;}y// 0407YYY.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.//单向链表插入和弹出数据，实现调用和功能实现分开#include "stdafx.h"void BuildData()//输入数据{ Person data; while(1){  scanf("%d %s %s",&data.iId,    data.szName,data.szMajor);  if(data.iId<1)   break;  Push(&data); }}void PrintData()//读取数据{ Person data; while(Pop(&data)){  printf("id:%d,name:%s,major:%s\n",   data.iId,data.szName,data.szMajor); }}int main(){ BuildData(); PrintData(); return 0;} //stack.cpp#include "stdafx.h"static Node *g_pHead=NULL;void Push(const Person *pDate)//插入数据{ Node *pNode=(Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node));//分配空间 pNode->date=*pDate;//赋值 pNode->pNext=g_pHead; g_pHead=pNode; }bool Pop(Person *pDate)//弹出数据{  Node *pDelete=g_pHead; if(g_pHead==NULL)  return false; *pDate=g_pHead->date; g_pHead=g_pHead->pNext; free(pDelete); return true;}//stack.h#if !defined  __STACK_H__#define __STACK_H__#include "stdafx.h"struct Person{ int iId; char szName[16]; char szMajor[16];};struct Node{    Person date; Node *pNext;};void Push(const Person *pDate);//插入数据bool Pop(Person *pDate);//弹出数据#endif//stdafx.h#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <string.h>#include "stack.h"=================================================================================0408a// 0408a.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.//双链表#include "stdafx.h"int main(int argc, char* argv[]){ Person data1={1,"li","shuxue"}; Person data2={2,"wang","hanyu"}; Person data3={3,"zheng","computer"}; void *pPos1,*pPos2; pPos1=AddTail(&data1); pPos2=AddTail(&data2); InsertBefore(pPos2,&data3); Delete(pPos1); return 0;}//stack.cpp#include "stdafx.h"static Node *g_pHead = NULL;static Node *g_pTail = NULL;void *AddTail(const Person *pData)//从尾部增加节点{ Node *pNode=(Node *)malloc(sizeof(Node)); pNode->data=*pData; if(g_pHead)  g_pTail->pNext=pNode; else  g_pHead=pNode; pNode->pPrev=g_pTail; pNode->pNext=NULL; g_pTail=pNode; return pNode;}void *InsertBefore(void *pPos,const Person *pData)//指定节点前插入节点{ Node *pCurNode=(Node *)pPos; Node *pNewNode=(Node *)malloc(sizeof(Node)); pNewNode->data=*pData; if(g_pHead==pCurNode){ //说明当前节点是头节点    pNewNode->pNext=pCurNode;  pNewNode->pPrev=NULL;//pCurNode->pPrev  pCurNode->pPrev=pNewNode;  g_pHead=pNewNode; }else{  pNewNode->pNext=pCurNode;  pNewNode->pPrev=pCurNode->pPrev;  pCurNode->pPrev->pNext=pNewNode;  pCurNode->pPrev=pNewNode; } return pCurNode;}void Delete(void *pPos)//删除节点{ Node *pDel=(Node*)pPos; if(g_pHead==pDel)  g_pHead=pDel->pNext; else  pDel->pPrev->pNext=pDel->pNext; if(pDel == g_pTail)  g_pTail = pDel->pPrev; else     pDel->pNext->pPrev = pDel->pPrev;}//stack.h#include "stdafx.h"struct Person{ int iId; char namme[20]; char Major[20];}*pPerson;struct Node{ Person data; struct Node *pNext; struct Node *pPrev;;};void *AddTail(const Person *pDate);void *InsertBefore(void *pPos,const Person *pData);void Delete(void *pPos); //stdafx.h#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <string.h>#include "stack.h" b// 0408b.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.//环链表 #include "stdafx.h"struct Node{ int data; Node *pNext;};bool IsRing(Node *pHead)//判断是否是环链表{ Node *pFlow,*pFast; pFlow=pFast=pHead;  while(pFast&&pFast->pNext) {  pFlow = pFlow->pNext;  pFast = pFast->pNext->pNext;  if(pFlow==pFast)   return true; } return false;}int main(int argc, char* argv[]){ Node n1,n2,n3,n4; n1.data=1; n1.pNext=&n2; n2.data=2; n2.pNext=&n3; n3.data=3; n3.pNext=&n4; n4.data=4; n4.pNext=&n1; bool n=IsRing(&n1); return 0;}=================================================================================0409a// 0409a.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.//引用#include "stdafx.h"#include <stdlib.h>int main(int argc, char* argv[]){/* int i; int &iRef=i;//常量引用 iRef=1;*//* int array[5]={0,1,2,3,4}; int &iRefar=array[1];//数组引用 iRefar=20;*//* int *p; int *&piRef=p;//指针引用 piRef=NULL;*/ int *pi=(int*)malloc(4); int &iRef=*pi;//引用指向内存 iRef=0xab; free(pi); return 0;} b// 0409b.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.//引用函数参数传递与返回值的传递#include "stdafx.h"#include <stdlib.h>/*void Func(int &iRef){ iRef=1;}int main(int argc, char* argv[]){ int i; Func(i);//引用函数参数传递 return 0;}*/int &Func() //引用返回值的传递{// static int i=123;// return i; int *pi=(int*)malloc(4); *pi=234; return *pi;}int main(int argc, char* argv[]){// int &iRef=Func(); int &iRef=Func(); free(&iRef); return 0;} c// 0409c.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.//引用函数的传递#include "stdafx.h"#include <stdlib.h>void Func(int *&pi){ pi=(int *)malloc(4); *pi=456;}int main(int argc, char* argv[]){ int *pi; Func(pi); free(pi); return 0;} x// 0409X.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.// 使用递归遍历、释放、插入二叉数#include "stdafx.h"#include <stdlib.h>struct Node{ int iDate; Node *pLeft; Node *pRight;};void PrintTree(const Node *pBoot){ if(pBoot==NULL)  return; printf("node:%d\n",pBoot->iDate); PrintTree(pBoot->pLeft); PrintTree(pBoot->pRight);}void FreeTree(Node *pBoot){ if(pBoot==NULL)  return; FreeTree(pBoot->pLeft); FreeTree(pBoot->pRight); printf("free:%d\n",pBoot->iDate);//34251 free(pBoot);  }void InsertTree(Node *&pRoot,int data){ if(pRoot == NULL) {   pRoot=(Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node));   pRoot->iDate=data;   pRoot->pLeft=pRoot->pRight=NULL;   return; } if(pRoot->iDate<data)  InsertTree(pRoot->pRight,data); else  InsertTree(pRoot->pLeft,data);} int main(int argc, char* argv[]){/* Node *pn1=(Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node)); Node *pn2=(Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node)); Node *pn3=(Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node)); Node *pn4=(Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node)); Node *pn5=(Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node));  pn1->iDate=1; pn2->iDate=2; pn3->iDate=3; pn4->iDate=4; pn5->iDate=5; pn1->pLeft=pn2; pn1->pRight=pn5; pn2->pLeft=pn3; pn2->pRight=pn4;   pn3->pLeft=NULL; pn3->pRight=NULL; pn4->pLeft=NULL; pn4->pRight=NULL; pn5->pLeft=NULL; pn5->pRight=NULL;  PrintTree(pn1); FreeTree(pn1); */ Node *pRoot=NULL; InsertTree(pRoot,5); InsertTree(pRoot,8); InsertTree(pRoot,3); InsertTree(pRoot,4); InsertTree(pRoot,2); PrintTree(pRoot); FreeTree(pRoot); return 0;}y// order.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.//排序#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>void Swap(int &num1,int &num2){ int temp=num1; num1=num2; num2=temp;}//选择排序法void SelectSort(int nums[],int count){ int i,j,k; for(i=0; i<count-1; i++){  k=i;//初始最小数的索引值  for(j=i+1; j<count; j++){   if(nums[j]<nums[k])    k=j;   }  if(k!=i)   Swap(nums[i],nums[k]);     }}//选择排序void SelectSort2(int array[],int n){ int i,j,temp; for(i=1;i<n;i++) {  temp = array[i];  for(j=i ; j>0 && temp < array[j-1] ; j--)  {   array[j]=array[j-1];  }  array[j]=temp; }}//选择排序法void Order(int order[],int count){ static int icount=0; int i,j,temp; for (i=0;i<count;i++)  for (j=i;j<count;j++){   if(order[i]>order[j+1]){    temp=order[i];    order[i]=order[j+1];    order[j+1]=temp;    icount++;   }  }}//冒牌排序void Bubble (int order[],int count){ int i,j,temp; for(i=0;j<count-1;i++)  for(j=count-1;j>i;j--)   if (order[j]<order[j-1])   {    temp=order[j];    order[j]=order[j-1];    order[j-1]=temp;   } /* for (j=0;j<count-i;j++)    if (order[j]>order[j+1]){    temp=order[j+1];    order[j+1] = order[j];    order[j]=temp;   }*/   for(i=0;i<count;i++)    printf("%d ",order[i]); }//插入排序void InsertSort(int nums[],int count){ int i,j,k; int temp; for(i=0; i<count-1; i++){  for(j=i; j>=0; j--){   if(nums[j]<nums[i+1]){    break;   }  }  temp=nums[i+1];  for(k=i; k>j; k--){   nums[k+1]=nums[k];  }  nums[j+1]=temp; }} int main(int argc, char* argv[]){ int nums[]={5,4,1,3,9,6}; //SelectSort(nums,sizeof(nums)/sizeof(nums[0])); //SelectSort2(nums,sizeof(nums)/sizeof(nums[0])); //Order(nums,sizeof(nums)/sizeof(nums[0])); Bubble (nums,sizeof(nums)/sizeof(nums[0])); return 0;}=================================================================================a// 0412a.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.//#include "stdafx.h"//连接符#define MY_TYPE(x,y)  x##y  //把一个字符转发为字符串#define MY_DATA(z) #z#define Min(x,y) ((x)<(y)?(x):(y))int main(int argc, char* argv[]){ //续行符号 char ch[]="the entry point for \the console application" ; char ch2[]="the entry point for"    "the console application" ; MY_TYPE(ch,ar) info[8]=MY_DATA(hello); // 相当于char info[8]="hello" Min(2,5);  return 0;} b// 0412b.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.//共同体(联合体) 枚举类型#include "stdafx.h"//共同占用一块内存union IP{ unsigned char bIP[4]; int iIP;};enum ERRNO //类型{ ERRNO1, //常量 从0开始 ERRNO2, //可以赋初始值，依次递增 ERRNO3,};ERRNO MyLogin(){// if()  return ERRNO1;//  if()  return  (ERRNO)1;//整形变量赋给枚举类型要强制转换}int main(){ IP ip; ip.bIP[0]=0xc0; ip.bIP[1]=0xa8; ip.bIP[2]=0x00; ip.bIP[3]=0x01;// ip.iIP=0x010008c0; //查看内存分布情况 int ret=MyLogin(); //枚举类型可以赋给整形变量 return 0;} c // 0412c.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.//new Delete 的使用#include "stdafx.h"struct INFO{ char c; int i;};int main(int argc, char* argv[]){ char *pc =  new char('a'); int *pi = new int(4); int *pi2 = new int[4]; INFO *pInfo= new INFO(); delete pc; delete pi; delete []pi2;//数组释放 delete pInfo; return 0;} =================================================================================