Code First Migrations更新数据库结构(数据迁移)

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背景

code first起初当修改model后,要持久化至数据库中时,总要把原数据库给删除掉再创建(DropCreateDatabaseIfModelChanges),此时就会产生一个问题,当我们的旧数据库中包含一些测试数据时,当持久化更新后,原数据将全部丢失,故我们可以引入EF的数据迁移功能来完成。


要求

  1. 已安装NuGet

过程示例
//原model
using System.Collections;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;public class Lesson {    public int lessonID { get; set; }    [Required]    [MaxLength(50)]    public string lessonName { get; set; }    [Required]    public string teacherName { get; set; }    public virtual UserInfo UserInfo{get;set;}}
//新model
using System.Collections;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;public class Lesson {    public int lessonID { get; set; }    [Required]    [MaxLength(50)]    public string lessonName { get; set; }    [Required]    [MaxLength(10)]    public string teacherName { get; set; }    public virtual UserInfo UserInfo{get;set;}}
注:区别在于,我们给teacherName属性加了一个长度限制。


接下来,我们将开始持久化此model至数据库中(我们现在只是对属性作修改,此时数据库中此字段的长度为nvarchar(max),并不是nvarchar(10))


1:在config中配置数据库连接:

  <connectionStrings>    <add name="TestUsersDB" connectionString="Integrated Security=SSPI;Persist Security Info=False;Initial Catalog=TestUsersDB;Data Source=XCL-PC\SQLEXPRESS" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" />  </connectionStrings>

2:打开NuGet控制台:




3:运行命令Enable-Migrations

可能会出现如下错误:

Checking if the context targets an existing database...
Detected database created with a database initializer. Scaffolded migration '201212090821166_InitialCreate' corresponding to existing database. To use an automatic migration instead, delete the Migrations folder and re-run Enable-Migrations specifying the -EnableAutomaticMigrations parameter.
Code First Migrations enabled for project MvcApplication1.

此时项目会出现如下文件夹:



打开configuation.cs,将作出如下修改:

        public Configuration()        {            AutomaticMigrationsEnabled = true;        }

再次执行Update-Database:

因为我把长度从max改为10,在更新数据结构时,它认为此操作会导致数据丢失,如下:

Specify the '-Verbose' flag to view the SQL statements being applied to the target database.
No pending code-based migrations.
Applying automatic migration: 201212090848057_AutomaticMigration.
Automatic migration was not applied because it would result in data loss.

如果确保没事,只需给此命令加个强制执行的参数即可:

Enable-Migrations -Force

最后再次执行:Update-Database



数据库中的原数据也没有丢失!


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