通过Keepalived实现Redis Failover自动故障切换功能
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通过Keepalived实现Redis Failover自动故障切换功能[实践分享]
目前,Redis还没有一个类似于MySQL Proxy或Oracle RAC的官方HA方案。
Redis作者有一个名为Redis Sentinel的计划(http://redis.io/topics/sentinel),据称将会有监控,报警和自动故障转移三大功能,非常不错。
但可惜的是短期内恐怕还不能开发完成。
因此,如何在出现故障时自动转移是一个需要解决的问题。
通过对网上一些资料的搜索,有建议采用HAProxy或Keepalived来实现的,事实上如果是做Failover而非负载均衡的话,Keepalived的效率肯定是超过HAProxy的,所以我决定采用Keepalived的方案。
环境介绍:
Master: 10.6.1.143
Slave: 10.6.1.144
Virtural IP Address (VIP): 10.6.1.200
设计思路:
当 Master 与 Slave 均运作正常时, Master负责服务,Slave负责Standby;
当 Master 挂掉,Slave 正常时, Slave接管服务,同时关闭主从复制功能;
当 Master 恢复正常,则从Slave同步数据,同步数据之后关闭主从复制功能,恢复Master身份,于此同时Slave等待Master同步数据完成之后,恢复Slave身份。
然后依次循环。
需要注意的是,这样做需要在Master与Slave上都开启本地化策略,否则在互相自动切换的过程中,未开启本地化的一方会将另一方的数据清空,造成数据完全丢失。
下面,是具体的实施步骤:
在Master和Slave上安装Keepalived
$ sudo apt-get install keepalived
修改Master和Slave的/etc/hosts文件
$ sudo vim /etc/hosts
1
127.0.0.1 localhost
2
10.6.1.143 redis
3
10.6.1.144 redis-slave
默认安装完成keepalived之后是没有配置文件的,因此我们需要手动创建:
首先,在Master上创建如下配置文件:
$ sudo vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
01
vrrp_script chk_redis {
02
script
"/etc/keepalived/scripts/redis_check.sh"
###监控脚本
03
interval 2
###监控时间
04
}
05
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
06
state MASTER
###设置为MASTER
07
interface eth0
###监控网卡
08
virtual_router_id 51
09
priority 101
###权重值
10
authentication {
11
auth_type PASS
###加密
12
auth_pass redis
###密码
13
}
14
track_script {
15
chk_redis
###执行上面定义的chk_redis
16
}
17
virtual_ipaddress {
18
10.6.1.200
###VIP
19
}
20
notify_master /etc/keepalived/scripts/redis_master.sh
21
notify_backup /etc/keepalived/scripts/redis_backup.sh
22
notify_fault /etc/keepalived/scripts/redis_fault.sh
23
notify_stop /etc/keepalived/scripts/redis_stop.sh
24
}
然后,在Slave上创建如下配置文件:
$ sudo vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
01
vrrp_script chk_redis {
02
script
"/etc/keepalived/scripts/redis_check.sh"
###监控脚本
03
interval 2
###监控时间
04
}
05
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
06
state BACKUP
###设置为BACKUP
07
interface eth0
###监控网卡
08
virtual_router_id 51
09
priority 100
###比MASTRE权重值低
10
authentication {
11
auth_type PASS
12
auth_pass redis
###密码与MASTRE相同
13
}
14
track_script {
15
chk_redis
###执行上面定义的chk_redis
16
}
17
virtual_ipaddress {
18
10.6.1.200
###VIP
19
}
20
notify_master /etc/keepalived/scripts/redis_master.sh
21
notify_backup /etc/keepalived/scripts/redis_backup.sh
22
notify_fault /etc/keepalived/scripts/redis_fault.sh
23
notify_stop /etc/keepalived/scripts/redis_stop.sh
24
}
在Master和Slave上创建监控Redis的脚本
$ sudo mkdir /etc/keepalived/scripts
$ sudo vim /etc/keepalived/scripts/redis_check.sh
01
#!/bin/bash
02
03
ALIVE=`/opt/redis/bin/redis-cli PING`
04
if
[
"$ALIVE"
==
"PONG"
];
then
05
echo
$ALIVE
06
exit
0
07
else
08
echo
$ALIVE
09
exit
1
10
fi
编写以下负责运作的关键脚本:
notify_master /etc/keepalived/scripts/redis_master.sh
notify_backup /etc/keepalived/scripts/redis_backup.sh
notify_fault /etc/keepalived/scripts/redis_fault.sh
notify_stop /etc/keepalived/scripts/redis_stop.sh
因为Keepalived在转换状态时会依照状态来呼叫:
当进入Master状态时会呼叫notify_master
当进入Backup状态时会呼叫notify_backup
当发现异常情况时进入Fault状态呼叫notify_fault
当Keepalived程序终止时则呼叫notify_stop
首先,在Redis Master上创建notity_master与notify_backup脚本:
$ sudo vim /etc/keepalived/scripts/redis_master.sh
01
#!/bin/bash
02
03
REDISCLI=
"/opt/redis/bin/redis-cli"
04
LOGFILE=
"/var/log/keepalived-redis-state.log"
05
06
echo
"[master]"
>> $LOGFILE
07
date
>> $LOGFILE
08
echo
"Being master...."
>> $LOGFILE 2>&1
09
10
echo
"Run SLAVEOF cmd ..."
>> $LOGFILE
11
$REDISCLI SLAVEOF 10.6.1.144 6379 >> $LOGFILE 2>&1
12
sleep
10
#延迟10秒以后待数据同步完成后再取消同步状态
13
14
echo
"Run SLAVEOF NO ONE cmd ..."
>> $LOGFILE
15
$REDISCLI SLAVEOF NO ONE >> $LOGFILE 2>&1
$ sudo vim /etc/keepalived/scripts/redis_backup.sh
01
#!/bin/bash
02
03
REDISCLI=
"/opt/redis/bin/redis-cli"
04
LOGFILE=
"/var/log/keepalived-redis-state.log"
05
06
echo
"[backup]"
>> $LOGFILE
07
date
>> $LOGFILE
08
echo
"Being slave...."
>> $LOGFILE 2>&1
09
10
sleep
15
#延迟15秒待数据被对方同步完成之后再切换主从角色
11
echo
"Run SLAVEOF cmd ..."
>> $LOGFILE
12
$REDISCLI SLAVEOF 10.6.1.144 6379 >> $LOGFILE 2>&1
接着,在Redis Slave上创建notity_master与notify_backup脚本:
$ sudo vim /etc/keepalived/scripts/redis_master.sh
01
#!/bin/bash
02
03
REDISCLI=
"/opt/redis/bin/redis-cli"
04
LOGFILE=
"/var/log/keepalived-redis-state.log"
05
06
echo
"[master]"
>> $LOGFILE
07
date
>> $LOGFILE
08
echo
"Being master...."
>> $LOGFILE 2>&1
09
10
echo
"Run SLAVEOF cmd ..."
>> $LOGFILE
11
$REDISCLI SLAVEOF 10.6.1.143 6379 >> $LOGFILE 2>&1
12
sleep
10
#延迟10秒以后待数据同步完成后再取消同步状态
13
14
echo
"Run SLAVEOF NO ONE cmd ..."
>> $LOGFILE
15
$REDISCLI SLAVEOF NO ONE >> $LOGFILE 2>&1
$ sudo vim /etc/keepalived/scripts/redis_backup.sh
01
#!/bin/bash
02
03
REDISCLI=
"/opt/redis/bin/redis-cli"
04
LOGFILE=
"/var/log/keepalived-redis-state.log"
05
06
echo
"[backup]"
>> $LOGFILE
07
date
>> $LOGFILE
08
echo
"Being slave...."
>> $LOGFILE 2>&1
09
10
sleep
15
#延迟15秒待数据被对方同步完成之后再切换主从角色
11
echo
"Run SLAVEOF cmd ..."
>> $LOGFILE
12
$REDISCLI SLAVEOF 10.6.1.143 6379 >> $LOGFILE 2>&1
然后在Master与Slave创建如下相同的脚本:
$ sudo vim /etc/keepalived/scripts/redis_fault.sh
1
#!/bin/bash
2
3
LOGFILE=/var/log/keepalived-redis-state.log
4
5
echo
"[fault]"
>> $LOGFILE
6
date
>> $LOGFILE
$ sudo vim /etc/keepalived/scripts/redis_stop.sh
1
#!/bin/bash
2
3
LOGFILE=/var/log/keepalived-redis-state.log
4
5
echo
"[stop]"
>> $LOGFILE
6
date
>> $LOGFILE
给脚本都加上可执行权限:
$ sudo chmod +x /etc/keepalived/scripts/*.sh
脚本创建完成以后,我们开始按照如下流程进行测试:
1.启动Master上的Redis
$ sudo /etc/init.d/redis start
2.启动Slave上的Redis
$ sudo /etc/init.d/redis start
3.启动Master上的Keepalived
$ sudo /etc/init.d/keepalived start
4.启动Slave上的Keepalived
$ sudo /etc/init.d/keepalived start
5.尝试通过VIP连接Redis:
$ redis-cli -h 10.6.1.200 INFO
连接成功,Slave也连接上来了。
role:master
slave0:10.6.1.144,6379,online
6.尝试插入一些数据:
$ redis-cli -h 10.6.1.200 SET Hello Redis
OK
从VIP读取数据
$ redis-cli -h 10.6.1.200 GET Hello
"Redis"
从Master读取数据
$ redis-cli -h 10.6.1.143 GET Hello
"Redis"
从Slave读取数据
$ redis-cli -h 10.6.1.144 GET Hello
"Redis"
下面,模拟故障产生:
将Master上的Redis进程杀死:
$ sudo killall -9 redis-server
查看Master上的Keepalived日志
$ tailf /var/log/keepalived-redis-state.log
[fault]
Thu Sep 27 08:29:01 CST 2012
同时Slave上的日志显示:
$ tailf /var/log/keepalived-redis-state.log
[master]
Fri Sep 28 14:14:09 CST 2012
Being master....
Run SLAVEOF cmd ...
OK
Run SLAVEOF NO ONE cmd ...
OK
然后我们可以发现,Slave已经接管服务,并且担任Master的角色了。
$ redis-cli -h 10.6.1.200 INFO
$ redis-cli -h 10.6.1.144 INFO
role:master
然后我们恢复Master的Redis进程
$ sudo /etc/init.d/redis start
查看Master上的Keepalived日志
$ tailf /var/log/keepalived-redis-state.log
[master]
Thu Sep 27 08:31:33 CST 2012
Being master....
Run SLAVEOF cmd ...
OK
Run SLAVEOF NO ONE cmd ...
OK
同时Slave上的日志显示:
$ tailf /var/log/keepalived-redis-state.log
[backup]
Fri Sep 28 14:16:37 CST 2012
Being slave....
Run SLAVEOF cmd ...
OK
可以发现目前的Master已经再次恢复了Master的角色,故障切换以及自动恢复都成功了。
- Comments (6)
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#1 by 过客 on 2012/10/30 - 11:08
你好,我想问一下,那个VIP的IP是怎么来的?
#2 by tnt on 2012/11/16 - 10:20
请好,我按照您的方法做很顺利 但是当到最后的时候:
我的主服务器也是如下的日志:
$ tailf /var/log/keepalived-redis-state.log
[fault]
Thu Sep 27 08:29:01 CST 2012
但是从服务器的日志如下:
[master]
Fri Nov 16 10:12:15 CST 2012
Being master....
Run SLAVEOF cmd ...
Could not connect to Redis at 127.0.0.1:6379: Connection refused
Run SLAVEOF NO ONE cmd ...
Could not connect to Redis at 127.0.0.1:6379: Connection refused
请问这个为什么呢 麻烦大神了 谢谢
#3 by mcsrainbow on 2012/11/16 - 11:43
Redis连接不上,检查下Redis的配置,关于Redis的安装配置我博客上也有。
#4 by tnt on 2012/11/16 - 14:13
重新调整过后现在是
当master端 redis 服务停掉后 VIP迁移不到 slave端;并且也不出现在master端了
当master端 redis服务起来后 VIP也是不出现的 要重启keepalived才能再次出现VIP 请问是什么问题类
#5 by tnt on 2012/11/16 - 14:49
LZ 我解决问题 问题是在同一网段内virtual_router_id 值不能相同,如果相同会在messages中收到VRRP错误包
所以在master virtual_router_id 51改成50就可以了
谢谢 LZ分享
#6 by tnt on 2012/11/16 - 17:18
悲剧,当master端 redis 服务停掉后 VIP迁移不到 slave端;并且也不出现在master端了 又出现这种现象了 在从服务器上面 重复出现这种日志
Nov 16 16:16:03 localhost Keepalived_vrrp: ip address associated with VRID not present
in received packet : -1358845760
Nov 16 16:16:03 localhost Keepalived_vrrp: one or more VIP associated with VRID mismatc
h actual MASTER advert
Nov 16 16:16:03 localhost Keepalived_vrrp: bogus VRRP packet received on eth0 !!!
Nov 16 16:16:03 localhost Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) ignoring received advert
isment...
LZ 求助啊