android 串口编程

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最近在android项目中要使用到串口编程,开始的时候为了省事,直接把以前在linux下用纯C写得串口程序封装成so库,再在JNI中调用so库,一点也没有问题。

虽说没有什么问题,总觉得在JAVA中使用纯C实现串口所有的操作很像是在“挂羊头卖狗肉”,而且也有点繁琐,想说JAVA应该把这些东西直接封装成API,于是在网上查资料,想找到类似于windows下的CreateFile的API接口,未果。

还好JAVA之中有个FileDescriptor类,可以把串口当作一个FileDescriptor,打开之后操作FileDescriptor就相当于操作串口。

不管是windows、linux、或是android操作系统,串口编程无非是以下几步:

  1. 打开串口
  2. 串口配置
  3. 串口操作(读写)
  4. 关闭串口

这是典型的流驱动设备,操作很简单,在C语言里无非就是open、write、read、close几个操作就能轻松搞定的东西。这跟文件的输入输出流其实是一个概念,所以在windows中可以用CreateFile操作串口,同样的道理,在java中可以使用FileDescriptor操作串口。

下面是android 串口编程的具体步骤,先创建一个串口类SerialPort:

private static final String TAG = "SerialPort";/* * Do not remove or rename the field mFd: it is used by native method close(); */private FileDescriptor mFd;private FileInputStream mFileInputStream;private FileOutputStream mFileOutputStream;public SerialPort(File device, int baudrate, int flags) throws SecurityException, IOException {/* Check access permission */if (!device.canRead() || !device.canWrite()) {try {/* Missing read/write permission, trying to chmod the file */Process su;su = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("/system/bin/su");String cmd = "chmod 666 " + device.getAbsolutePath() + "\n"+ "exit\n";su.getOutputStream().write(cmd.getBytes());if ((su.waitFor() != 0) || !device.canRead()|| !device.canWrite()) {throw new SecurityException();}} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();throw new SecurityException();}}mFd = open(device.getAbsolutePath(), baudrate, flags);if (mFd == null) {Log.e(TAG, "native open returns null");throw new IOException();}mFileInputStream = new FileInputStream(mFd);mFileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(mFd);}// Getters and setterspublic InputStream getInputStream() {return mFileInputStream;}public OutputStream getOutputStream() {return mFileOutputStream;}// JNIprivate native static FileDescriptor open(String path, int baudrate, int flags);public native void close();static {System.loadLibrary("serial_port");}


这个类中主要干了两件事情:
创建了打开串口和关闭串口的本地方法

private native static FileDescriptor open(String path, int baudrate, int flags);public native void close();

关联串口的文件描述符(FileDescriptor),并把文件的输入输出流与之关联,在代码之中

private FileDescriptor mFd;private FileInputStream mFileInputStream;private FileOutputStream mFileOutputStream;mFd = open(device.getAbsolutePath(), baudrate, flags);mFileInputStream = new FileInputStream(mFd);mFileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(mFd);

这段代码的意思就是把串口打开,并取得串口的输入输出操作(读写操作)。

 

到了这里,有个问题,如何打开串口?

代码上可知,打开串口的操作用的是一个本地方法open,那只能在JNI中实现这个接口,下面是jni中的实现:

static speed_t getBaudrate(jint baudrate){switch(baudrate) {case 0: return B0;case 50: return B50;case 75: return B75;case 110: return B110;case 134: return B134;case 150: return B150;case 200: return B200;case 300: return B300;case 600: return B600;case 1200: return B1200;case 1800: return B1800;case 2400: return B2400;case 4800: return B4800;case 9600: return B9600;case 19200: return B19200;case 38400: return B38400;case 57600: return B57600;case 115200: return B115200;case 230400: return B230400;case 460800: return B460800;case 500000: return B500000;case 576000: return B576000;case 921600: return B921600;case 1000000: return B1000000;case 1152000: return B1152000;case 1500000: return B1500000;case 2000000: return B2000000;case 2500000: return B2500000;case 3000000: return B3000000;case 3500000: return B3500000;case 4000000: return B4000000;default: return -1;}}/* * Class:     android_serialport_SerialPort * Method:    open * Signature: (Ljava/lang/String;II)Ljava/io/FileDescriptor; */JNIEXPORT jobject JNICALL Java_android_1serialport_1api_SerialPort_open  (JNIEnv *env, jclass thiz, jstring path, jint baudrate, jint flags){int fd;speed_t speed;jobject mFileDescriptor;/* Check arguments */{speed = getBaudrate(baudrate);if (speed == -1) {/* TODO: throw an exception */LOGE("Invalid baudrate");return NULL;}}/* Opening device */{jboolean iscopy;const char *path_utf = (*env)->GetStringUTFChars(env, path, &iscopy);LOGD("Opening serial port %s with flags 0x%x", path_utf, O_RDWR | flags);fd = open(path_utf, O_RDWR | flags);LOGD("open() fd = %d", fd);(*env)->ReleaseStringUTFChars(env, path, path_utf);if (fd == -1){/* Throw an exception */LOGE("Cannot open port");/* TODO: throw an exception */return NULL;}}/* Configure device */{struct termios cfg;LOGD("Configuring serial port");if (tcgetattr(fd, &cfg)){LOGE("tcgetattr() failed");close(fd);/* TODO: throw an exception */return NULL;}cfmakeraw(&cfg);cfsetispeed(&cfg, speed);cfsetospeed(&cfg, speed);if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &cfg)){LOGE("tcsetattr() failed");close(fd);/* TODO: throw an exception */return NULL;}}/* Create a corresponding file descriptor */{jclass cFileDescriptor = (*env)->FindClass(env, "java/io/FileDescriptor");jmethodID iFileDescriptor = (*env)->GetMethodID(env, cFileDescriptor, "<init>", "()V");jfieldID descriptorID = (*env)->GetFieldID(env, cFileDescriptor, "descriptor", "I");mFileDescriptor = (*env)->NewObject(env, cFileDescriptor, iFileDescriptor);(*env)->SetIntField(env, mFileDescriptor, descriptorID, (jint)fd);}return mFileDescriptor;}/* * Class:     cedric_serial_SerialPort * Method:    close * Signature: ()V */JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_android_1serialport_1api_SerialPort_close  (JNIEnv *env, jobject thiz){jclass SerialPortClass = (*env)->GetObjectClass(env, thiz);jclass FileDescriptorClass = (*env)->FindClass(env, "java/io/FileDescriptor");jfieldID mFdID = (*env)->GetFieldID(env, SerialPortClass, "mFd", "Ljava/io/FileDescriptor;");jfieldID descriptorID = (*env)->GetFieldID(env, FileDescriptorClass, "descriptor", "I");jobject mFd = (*env)->GetObjectField(env, thiz, mFdID);jint descriptor = (*env)->GetIntField(env, mFd, descriptorID);LOGD("close(fd = %d)", descriptor);close(descriptor);}


在Java_android_1serialport_1api_SerialPort_open接口中,能发现一些熟悉的东西:

fd = open(path_utf, O_RDWR | flags);tcgetattr(fd, &cfg)cfmakeraw(&cfg);cfsetispeed(&cfg, speed);cfsetospeed(&cfg, speed);
...


这些都是在linux下的串口编程,分别是打开串口设备节点,配置数据流控、波特率等,这些东西其实不是重点,重点是如何把打开的串口设备与FileDescriptor关联,即把fd封装到FileDescriptor中去:

/* Create a corresponding file descriptor */{jclass cFileDescriptor = (*env)->FindClass(env, "java/io/FileDescriptor");jmethodID iFileDescriptor = (*env)->GetMethodID(env, cFileDescriptor, "<init>", "()V");jfieldID descriptorID = (*env)->GetFieldID(env, cFileDescriptor, "descriptor", "I");mFileDescriptor = (*env)->NewObject(env, cFileDescriptor, iFileDescriptor);(*env)->SetIntField(env, mFileDescriptor, descriptorID, (jint)fd);}return mFileDescriptor;

上面的代码简单解释来说就是mFileDescriptor与fd关联并返回给JAVA层。

至此,其实串口的JAVA封装已经完成,这个类其实已经可以完成串口的所有操作(打开,配置,读写,关闭),接下来的事情只是逻辑层面的事情了。


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