图像8位数据读取使用.NET

For some reason Microsoft made it pretty hard to work with anything but 24bit images. This is even though they provide you with several pixel formats, but no way of setting and getting the values of a pixel. If you use the SetPixel(x,y) or GetPixel(x,y) methods, your application will fail. There are plenty of articles and blogs on the Internet on how to do direct access on 1bit and 24bit, but I wasn't able to find anything on8bit.

This article will cover some of the basics on how to access 8 bit greyscale or indexed images, by accessing the bitmapdata directly in memory. This also has the benefit of being much faster than the Set/GetPixel methods provided by the .NET Framework.

Before we can access the memory directly, we must lock its place in memory. We can do this by calling the Bitmap.LockBits() method:

BitmapData bmd  = myBitmap.LockBits(new Rectangle(0, 0, myBitmap.Width, myBitmap.Height),                                    ImageLockMode.ReadWrite, myBitmap.PixelFormat);

Likewise when we are done using the BitmapData, remember to unlock the data:

myBitmap.UnlockBits(bmd);

Now we need a method that can access the BitmapData. Lets make our own SetPixel and GetPixel method. Here we assume that we are dealing with8bit pixels. We also add the 'unsafe' keyword since direct memory access isn't thread safe. I won't cover the Stride and Scan0 values. Bob Powell has a nice article on this.

public unsafe void SetPixel(int x, int y, byte c){byte* p = (byte *)bmd.Scan0.ToPointer();int offset=y*bmd.Stride+(x);p[offset] = c;}public unsafe Byte GetPixel(int x, int y){byte* p = (byte *)bmd.Scan0.ToPointer();int offset=y*bmd.Stride+x;return p[offset];}

It is worth noting that GetPixel only returns a byte and not a color. The byte represents a number between 0 and 255. Each of the values is actually an index to a color palette. The palette could specify that for instance index 0 is black, index 1 is red, index 3 is blue etc. If you want a greyscale image, we can override the color palette. Let's set index 0 to black, index 255 to white, and linearly distribute the grayscale in between.

public static void SetGrayscalePalette(Bitmap b){ColorPalette pal = b.Palette;for(int i = 0; i < 256; i++)pal.Entries[i] = Color.FromArgb( 255, i, i, i );b.Palette = pal;}

You can easily override this palette to specify other thangrayscale images.

We can likewise create a function that can convert an index to a System.Drawing.Color. If you are working with agrayscale image, there is probably no need for this.

public System.Drawing.Color GetColorFromIndex(byte c){return = myBitmap.Palette.Entries[c];}

Now let's put it all together into an easy-to-use8bit image access class. Remember to allow unsafe code blocks before compiling.

using System;using System.Drawing;using System.Drawing.Imaging;using System.Runtime.InteropServices;namespace ImageProc{   ///    /// Class used for direct memory access to 8bit grayscale images   ///    public class Image8Bit   {      private BitmapData bmd;      private Bitmap b;      ///       /// Locks an 8bit image in memory for fast get/set pixel functions.      /// Remember to Dispose object to release memory.      ///       /// Bitmap reference      public Image8Bit (Bitmap bitmap)      {         if(bitmap.PixelFormat!=System.Drawing.Imaging.PixelFormat.Format8bppIndexed)            throw(new System.Exception("Invalid PixelFormat. 8 bit indexed required"));         b = bitmap; //Store a private reference to the bitmap         bmd = b.LockBits(new Rectangle(0, 0, b.Width, b.Height),                          ImageLockMode.ReadWrite, b.PixelFormat);      }            ///       /// Releases memory      ///       public void Dispose()      {         b.UnlockBits(bmd);      }            ///       /// Gets color of an 8bit-pixel      ///       /// Row      /// Column      /// Color of pixel      public unsafe System.Drawing.Color GetPixel(int x, int y)      {         byte* p = (byte *)bmd.Scan0.ToPointer();         //always assumes 8 bit per pixels         int offset=y*bmd.Stride+x;         return GetColorFromIndex(p[offset]);      }            ///       /// Sets color of an 8bit-pixel      ///       /// Row      /// Column      /// Color index      public unsafe void SetPixel(int x, int y, byte c)      {         byte* p = (byte *)bmd.Scan0.ToPointer();         //always assumes 8 bit per pixels         int offset=y*bmd.Stride+(x);         p[offset] = c;      }            ///       /// Sets the palette for the referenced image to Grayscale      ///       public void MakeGrayscale()      {         SetGrayscalePalette(this.b);      }            ///       /// Sets the palette of an image to grayscales (0=black, 255=white)      ///       /// Bitmap to set palette on      public static void SetGrayscalePalette(Bitmap b)      {         ColorPalette pal = b.Palette;         for(int i = 0; i < 256; i++)            pal.Entries[i] = Color.FromArgb( 255, i, i, i );         b.Palette = pal;      }            private System.Drawing.Color GetColorFromIndex(byte c)      {         return = b.Palette.Entries[c];      }   }}