SurfaceView应用浅析

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SurfaceView在安卓的游戏开发,动画和图象处理中应用用比较多,也是提升程序性能,提高用户体验的一个方法。

SurfaceView不能直接使用,需要使用时需要基于他派生出我们自己的类,并导出SurfaceHolder.Callback接口并实现。 SurfaceView继承于视图类(View),能够实现线程绘图主要是因为其内部包含一个专门用于绘制的Surface。人们通过 getHolder()获得Surface的句柄,然后通过SurfaceHolder接口的callback来使用他。SurfaceHolder的使用周期与surfaceview有关,surfaceview可见时,surface被创建;surfaceview不可见时,surface被销毁,且 在surfaceview不可见之前。这样设计大概是基于节省资源考虑。surfaceview的核心提供了两个线程:UI线程和渲染线程。所有 SurfaceView和SurfaceHolder.Callback的方法都应该在UI线程里调用,一般来说就是应用程序主线程。渲染线程所要访问的各种变量应该作同步处理。由于surface可能被销毁,它只在SurfaceHolder.Callback.surfaceCreated()和 SurfaceHolder.Callback.surfaceDestroyed()之间有效,所以要确保渲染线程访问的是合法有效的surface。 而我们的一些资源变量初始化和释放也尽量在这两个线方法之中。

SurfaceHolder在android说明文档中定义如下:

 // 编译自SurfaceHolder.java (版本 1.5:49.0,无超级位)

public abstract static interfaceandroid.view.SurfaceHolder$Callback {

  // 方法描述符 #4(Landroid/view/SurfaceHolder;)V

  public abstractvoidsurfaceCreated(android.view.SurfaceHolder arg0);

  // 方法描述符#6(Landroid/view/SurfaceHolder;III)V

  public abstractvoidsurfaceChanged(android.view.SurfaceHolder arg0, int arg1, int arg2, intarg3);

  // 方法描述符 #4(Landroid/view/SurfaceHolder;)V

  public abstractvoidsurfaceDestroyed(android.view.SurfaceHolder arg0);

 

  内部类:

    [内部类信息:#1android/view/SurfaceHolder$Callback, 外部类信息:#10android/view/SurfaceHolder

     内部名: #12Callback, 访问标志:1545 public abstract static]

}

调用SurfaceHolder需要重载这三个方法,然后通过lockCanvas方法获得画布绘图,绘结束后使用unlockCanvasAndPost提交给前台窗口刷新。流程是先获得SurfaceHolder,然后添加回调,实现三个接口,最后在lockCanvas和unlockCanvasAndPost之间实现代码:

一个简单的调用例子如下:

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Context;
import android.graphics.Canvas;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.graphics.Paint;
import android.graphics.RectF;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.SurfaceHolder;
import android.view.SurfaceView;
 
public class Test extends Activity {
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(new MyView(this));
    }
    
    //内部类
    class MyView extends SurfaceView implements SurfaceHolder.Callback{
 
        SurfaceHolder holder;
               public MyView(Context context) {
                       super(context);
                       holder = this.getHolder();//获取holder
                       holder.addCallback(this);
                       //setFocusable(true);
                       
               }
 
               @Override
               public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder holder, int format, int width,
                               int height) {
                       
               }
 
               @Override
               public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) {
                       new Thread(new MyThread()).start();
               }
 
               @Override
               public void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder) {
                       
               }
               
               //内部类的内部类
               class MyThread implements Runnable{
 
                       @Override
                       public void run() {
                               Canvas canvas = holder.lockCanvas(null);//获取画布
                               Paint mPaint = new Paint();
                               mPaint.setColor(Color.BLUE);
                               
                               canvas.drawRect(new RectF(40,60,80,80), mPaint);
                               holder.unlockCanvasAndPost(canvas);//解锁画布,提交画好的图像
                               
                       }
                       
               }
        
    }
}

 

上面例子取自摘自http://www.iteye.com/topic/420410,只是一个简单的调用,但用来学习却是最容易理解的。下面是我写的一个例子,使用SurfaceView作一些简单的动画。动画是在窗口显示5*8个不断放大缩小的实心圆,图形如下:

代码如下:

import android.content.Context;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.Canvas;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.graphics.Paint;
import android.graphics.Paint.Style;
import android.graphics.drawable.BitmapDrawable;
import android.view.SurfaceHolder;
import android.view.SurfaceView;
import android.view.KeyEvent;
import android.view.MotionEvent;
import android.view.SurfaceHolder.Callback;
 
public class MySurfaceView extends SurfaceView implements Runnable, Callback {
        private SurfaceHolder mHolder; // 用于控制SurfaceView
        private Thread t; // 声明一条线程
        private volatile boolean flag; // 线程运行的标识,用于控制线程
        private Canvas mCanvas; // 声明一张画布
        private Paint p; // 声明一支画笔
        float m_circle_r = 10;
 
        public MySurfaceView(Context context) {
               super(context);
 
               mHolder = getHolder(); // 获得SurfaceHolder对象
               mHolder.addCallback(this); // 为SurfaceView添加状态监听
               p = new Paint(); // 创建一个画笔对象
               p.setColor(Color.WHITE); // 设置画笔的颜色为白色
               setFocusable(true); // 设置焦点
        }
 
        /**
         * 当SurfaceView创建的时候,调用此函数
         */
        @Override
        public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) {
               t = new Thread(this); // 创建一个线程对象
               flag = true; // 把线程运行的标识设置成true
               t.start(); // 启动线程
        }
 
        /**
         * 当SurfaceView的视图发生改变的时候,调用此函数
         */
        @Override
        public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder holder, int format, int width,
                       int height) {
        }
 
        /**
         * 当SurfaceView销毁的时候,调用此函数
         */
        @Override
        public void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder) {
               flag = false; // 把线程运行的标识设置成false
               mHolder.removeCallback(this);
        }
 
        /**
         * 当屏幕被触摸时调用
         */
        @Override
        public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
 
               return true;
        }
 
        /**
         * 当用户按键时调用
         */
        @Override
        public boolean onKeyDown(int keyCode, KeyEvent event) {
               if (keyCode == KeyEvent.KEYCODE_DPAD_UP) {
               }
               return super.onKeyDown(keyCode, event);
        }
 
        @Override
        public boolean onKeyUp(int keyCode, KeyEvent event) {
               surfaceDestroyed(mHolder);
               return super.onKeyDown(keyCode, event);
        }
 
        @Override
        public void run() {
               while (flag) {
                       try {
                               synchronized (mHolder) {
                                      Thread.sleep(100); // 让线程休息1000毫秒
                                      Draw(); // 调用自定义画画方法
                               }
                       } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                               e.printStackTrace();
                       } finally {
                               if (mCanvas != null) {
                                      // mHolder.unlockCanvasAndPost(mCanvas);//结束锁定画图,并提交改变。
 
                               }
                       }
               }
        }
 
        /**
         * 自定义一个方法,在画布上画一个圆
         */
        protected void Draw() {
               mCanvas = mHolder.lockCanvas(); // 获得画布对象,开始对画布画画
               if (mCanvas != null) {
                       Paint paint = new Paint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG);
                       paint.setColor(Color.BLUE);
                       paint.setStrokeWidth(10);
                       paint.setStyle(Style.FILL);
                       if (m_circle_r >= (getWidth() / 10)) {
                               m_circle_r = 0;
                       } else {
                               m_circle_r++;
                       }
                       Bitmap pic = ((BitmapDrawable) getResources().getDrawable(
                                      R.drawable.qq)).getBitmap();
                       mCanvas.drawBitmap(pic, 0, 0, paint);
                       for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
                               for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++)
                                      mCanvas.drawCircle(
                                                     (getWidth() / 5) * i + (getWidth() / 10),
                                                     (getHeight() / 8) * j + (getHeight() / 16),
                                                     m_circle_r, paint);
                       mHolder.unlockCanvasAndPost(mCanvas); // 完成画画,把画布显示在屏幕上
               }
        }
}


然后在Activity的create方法中调用就可以了:

        // setContentView(R.layout.main);
// 隐藏状态栏
        this.getWindow().setFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN,
                WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN);
        // 把Activity的标题去掉
        requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);
        // 设置布局
        this.setContentView(new MySurfaceView(this));


这个动画也可以不使用SurfaceView直接在view里实现,这里使用Timer实现,代码如下:

import java.util.Timer;
import java.util.TimerTask;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Context;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.Canvas;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.graphics.Paint;
import android.graphics.Paint.Style;
import android.graphics.drawable.BitmapDrawable;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
 
public class TestDoubleActivity extends Activity {
        MyView mv;
        float m_circle_r = 10;
    /** Called when the activity is first created. */
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        //setContentView(R.layout.main);
        mv = new MyView(this);
               setContentView(mv);
               
        Timer timer = new Timer();  
        timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(new MyTask(), 1, 100);  
    }
    public class MyView extends View {
               MyView(Context context) {
                       super(context);
               }
 
               @Override
               protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
                       // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                       super.onDraw(canvas);
                       Paint paint = new Paint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG);
                       paint.setColor(Color.BLUE);
                       paint.setStrokeWidth(10);
                       paint.setStyle(Style.FILL);
                   if (m_circle_r >= (getWidth()/10))
                       {
                       m_circle_r = 0;
                       }
                       else
                       {
                               m_circle_r++;
                       }
                   Bitmap pic = ((BitmapDrawable) getResources().getDrawable(R.drawable.qq)).getBitmap();
                   canvas.drawBitmap(pic, 0, 0, paint); 
                       for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
                               for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++)
                       canvas.drawCircle((getWidth()/5)*i+(getWidth()/10), (getHeight()/8)*j+(getHeight()/16), m_circle_r, paint);
               }
 
        }
    private class MyTask extends TimerTask{  
        @Override  
        public void run() {  
               mv.postInvalidate();
        }     
    }  
}


也能使用多线程实现,代码如下:

package com.test;
 
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Context;
import android.os.Bundle;
import java.lang.Thread;
import java.util.Random;
 
import android.view.View;
import android.graphics.Canvas;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.graphics.Paint;
import android.graphics.Paint.Style;
import android.graphics.Path;
 
public class TestThreadActivity extends Activity {
        int c = Color.BLUE;
        MyThread myThread;
        volatile boolean bThreadRun = false;
        MyView mv;
        // 首先定义一个paint
        Paint paint = new Paint();
        Path m_path = new Path();
        volatile int ox = 0, oy = 0, nx = 100, ny = 200;
        final Random rand = new Random();
 
        /** Called when the activity is first created. */
        @Override
        public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
               super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
               // setContentView(R.layout.main);
               mv = new MyView(this);
               setContentView(mv);
        }
 
        
 
        @Override
        protected void onRestoreInstanceState(android.os.Bundle savedInstanceState) {
               super.onRestoreInstanceState(savedInstanceState);
        }
 
        @Override
        protected void onSaveInstanceState(android.os.Bundle outState) {
               super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);
        }
 
        @Override
        protected void onStart() {
               super.onStart();
               //myThread = new MyThread();
               //myThread.start();
               new Thread (new MyThread()).start();
               bThreadRun = true;
        }
 
        @Override
        protected void onRestart() {
               super.onRestart();
        }
 
        @Override
        protected void onResume() {
               super.onResume();
        }
 
        @Override
        protected void onPause() {
               super.onPause();
               bThreadRun = false;
               // myThread.stop();
        }
 
        @Override
        protected void onStop() {
               super.onStop();
               onPause();
        }
 
        @Override
        protected void onDestroy() {
               super.onDestroy();
               // myThread.destroy();
        }
        public class MyView extends View {
               MyView(Context context) {
                       super(context);
                       m_path.moveTo(ox, oy);
               }
 
               @Override
               protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
                       // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                       super.onDraw(canvas);
                       // 绘制矩形区域-实心矩形
                       // 设置颜色
                       paint.setColor(c);
                       paint.setStrokeWidth(10);
                       // 设置样式-填充
                       paint.setStyle(Style.STROKE);
                       // 绘制一个矩形
                       //canvas.drawRect(new Rect(0, 0, getWidth(), getHeight()), paint);
                       nx = (int) (rand.nextFloat()*400);
                       ny = (int) (rand.nextFloat()*800);
                       m_path.lineTo(nx, ny);
                       canvas.drawPath(m_path, paint);
               }
 
        }
        public class MyThread implements Runnable{
               // 线程的主要工作方法
               @Override
               public void run() {
                       while (bThreadRun) {
                               try {
                                      Thread.sleep(500);
                                      mv.postInvalidate();
                               } catch(InterruptedException e){
                               }
                       }
               }
 
        }
 
}

 

使用TIMER,THREAD和surfaceview都能实现相同的效果,有什么区别呢,两者实现 起来尽管那么像,但却一点都不一样,TIMER,THREAD都是在主UI线程里绘图的,遇到复杂情况,容易因为阻塞延迟超过5S而被系统干 掉,surfaceview在自己的线程中处理,可以避免这个问题。最后一个例子中虽然使用了多线程,但并不能把绘图操作放入线程中处理,多线程也仅仅起到了与TIMER一样的作用,所以我们在许多UI设计中,肯定是离不开surfaceview的

 

参考资料:

http://www.cnblogs.com/xuling/archive/2011/06/06/android.html

http://www.iteye.com/topic/420410


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